Questions and Answers
What are cataracts?
A cataract is a clouding of the lens.
What is the main function of the rods in the eye?
Vision in dim light.
What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye?
Iris.
Farsightedness is more properly called _______.
Signup and view all the answers
Seventy percent of all sensory receptors are located in the ____.
Signup and view all the answers
Why can corneas be transplanted without tissue rejection?
Signup and view all the answers
The axons of which neuron layers form the optic nerves?
Signup and view all the answers
What prevents the eyelids from sticking together when the eyes close?
Signup and view all the answers
What does dark adaptation involve?
Signup and view all the answers
Where is the blind spot of the eye?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following could not be seen as one looks into the eye with an ophthalmoscope?
Signup and view all the answers
During dark adaptation, what accumulates in the rods?
Signup and view all the answers
What is true about photoreceptors?
Signup and view all the answers
The eye muscle that elevates and turns the eye laterally is the ________.
Signup and view all the answers
In which order does light pass through the following structures?
Signup and view all the answers
Damage to the medial rectus muscles would probably affect ____.
Signup and view all the answers
Visible light fits between ________.
Signup and view all the answers
Where are the receptors for hearing located?
Signup and view all the answers
Bitter taste is elicited by _______.
Signup and view all the answers
Taste buds are not found __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following taste sensations is incorrectly matched to the chemicals that produce it?
Signup and view all the answers
What stimulates olfactory cells and taste buds?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the receptor membranes of gustatory cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What are ceruminous glands?
Signup and view all the answers
Where are chemically sensitive cilia found?
Signup and view all the answers
Where are hair cells receptive to changes in dynamic equilibrium found?
Signup and view all the answers
Where are chemically sensitive microvilli found?
Signup and view all the answers
Where are hair cells receptive to changes in static equilibrium found?
Signup and view all the answers
The receptor for static equilibrium is the _________.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following structures is not part of the external ear?
Signup and view all the answers
The oval window is connected directly to which passageway?
Signup and view all the answers
As sound levels increase in the spiral organ (of Corti), what happens?
Signup and view all the answers
Which pairing of terms is incorrectly related?
Signup and view all the answers
What disorder is characterized by tinnitus, vertigo, and gradual hearing loss?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an essential part of the maculae involved in static equilibrium?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Cataracts
- A cataract is the clouding of the lens in the eye.
- Common causes include age-related changes, diabetes mellitus, and prolonged exposure to UV rays.
- Treatment involves surgical removal of the cloudy lens, often replaced with an artificial lens.
Visual Functions
- Rods in the eye provide vision in dim light.
- The iris regulates the amount of light entering the eye.
Eye Conditions
- Farsightedness is medically termed hyperopia.
- Seventy percent of the human body's sensory receptors are located in the eyes.
- The cornea can be transplanted without rejection because it lacks a blood supply.
Retina and Vision
- The retina contains three layers of neurons; ganglion cells’ axons form the optic nerve.
- The blind spot is located where the optic nerve exits the eye.
- During dark adaptation, rhodopsin accumulates in rods, enhancing sensitivity to light.
Reaction to Light
- Rods absorb light across the visual spectrum but only allow for grayscale vision.
- Light passes sequentially through the cornea, aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous humor.
Eye Muscles and Function
- Damage to the medial rectus muscles affects convergence, the inward movement of the eyes.
- The inferior oblique muscle elevates and turns the eye laterally.
Hearing and Balance
- The cochlea contains receptors for hearing.
- Hair cells in the crista ampullaris detect changes in dynamic equilibrium; those in the macula detect static equilibrium.
Taste and Smell
- Bitter tastes are stimulated by alkaloids, while taste buds are absent in filiform papillae.
- Taste sensation stimuli must dissolve in solution to activate gustatory cells.
- Olfactory epithelium contains chemically sensitive cilia, crucial for the sense of smell.
Ear Structures
- Ceruminous glands are modified apocrine sweat glands located in the ear.
- The oval window connects directly to the scala vestibuli of the inner ear.
- Meniere's syndrome is characterized by tinnitus, vertigo, and gradual hearing loss.
Sensory Perception
- Incorrect pairings in sensory concepts include associating frequency of sound waves with loudness.
- Static equilibrium relies on the presence of otoliths within the maculae.
Miscellaneous
- Sound wave intensity results in outer hair cells stiffening the basilar membrane within the spiral organ of Corti.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the intricacies of special senses with a focus on cataracts in this quiz. Understand their causes, treatments, and the effects on vision, particularly in aging individuals. Perfect for students seeking to enhance their knowledge on ophthalmology.
