Fisiologia (Populações especiais)

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Questions and Answers

O que são consideradas Populações Especiaias?

  • Crianças, Idosos, com ou sem doença
  • Jovens, Adultos, com ou sem doença
  • Todos os géneros de diferentes faixas etárias com ou sem doenças
  • Ambos os géneros de diferentes faixas etárias, crianças, idosos, jovens ou adultos, com ou sem doenças (correct)

Com o envelhecimento ocorrem:

  • Danos ao nivel celular
  • Danos ao nivel tecidular
  • Damos ao nivel dos orgãos
  • Todos (correct)

“O processo de envelhecimento dos diferentes sistemas orgânicos ocorre de forma irregular, dependendo da relação do indivíduo com o envolvimento, do seu modo e qualidade de vida”

True (A)

O treino assume uma importância extrema já que ________ a diminuição do VO2 max, a perda de massa muscular (sarcopénia) e o volume sistólico

<p>retarda (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Há um/a ______ de massa magra e _____ de passar gorda (mobilização da periferia para o centro)

<p>diminuição aumento (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A massa magra aumenta por perda de massa muscular (diminuição de sínteses proteica muscular e GH) e massa óssea (diminuição do conteúdo mineral ósseo - alteração da função dos osteoblastos/osteoclastos)

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Com o envelhecimento há:

<p>Um encurtamento das cadeias musculares (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Em termos metabólicos:

<p>Há uma diminuição do metabolismo e menor sensibilidade à insulina (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Em termos neuromusculares:

<p>Nenhuma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alterações cardiovasculares

<p>A) e B) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

O peso corporal

<p>Aumenta dos 60 aos 65 e existe anorexia do envelhecimento dos 65 aos 70 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A diminuição da concentração de Óxido Nitrico leva a um

<p>menor relaxamento do músculo liso do estômago e enchimento astral precoce (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Com a idade há

<p>Uma diminuição da taxa de síntese proteica e diminuição de testosterona (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A hormona do crescimento está envolvida no controlo do metabolismo, principalmente no anabolismo

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Como o envelhecimento há um aumento na produção de estrogénio

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A falta de estrogénio associa-se ao surgimento da osteoporose

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A Leptina aumenta o apetite e aumenta o metabolismo

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

O decréscimo de VO2max está relacionado com:

<p>Todas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Não se verificam grandes alterações significativas na frequência cardíaca de repouso (Fcrepouso) com o envelhecimento, no entanto, verifica-se um declínio da frequência cardíaca máxima (FCmáx).

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Assiste-se a um decréscimo de 10% a 20% do volume sistólico

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Com o decréscimo da frequência cardíaca máxima o débito cardíaco máximo também reduz com a idade. Desta forma o volume sitólico aumenta podendo ser responsável por até 50% do declínio do VO2max

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A Sarcopenia:

<p>Todas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A perda de força rápida pode ser explicada por:

<p>A) e B) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A perda da resistência muscular pode ser explicada por:

<p>A) e B) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Special Populations

Individuals of different genders and age groups, children, the elderly, young or adult, with or without diseases.

Effects of Aging

A variety of changes occur. No specifics provided in the context.

Irregular Aging

The aging process of different organic systems occurs irregularly, depending on the individual's relationship with the environment and their lifestyle.

Training's Importance

Training slows down the decrease of VO2 max, the loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) and the systolic volume.

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Body Composition Changes with Age

There is a decrease in lean mass and an increase in fat mass (mobilization from the periphery to the center).

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Muscle Chain Length

With aging, muscle chains shorten.

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Metabolic Changes with Age

There is a decrease in metabolism and reduced sensitivity to insulin.

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Neuromuscular Terms

The provided answer 'None' makes this flashcard not educational.

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Alterações cardiovasculares

A combination of 'A' and 'B', relating to Alterações cardiovasculares.

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Body Weight Changes

Body weight increases from 60 to 65, and anorexia of aging exists from 65 to 70.

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Nitric Oxide Effect

A decreased concentration of nitric oxide leads to less relaxation of the smooth muscle of the stomach and early astral filling.

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Hormonal Changes with Age

There is a decrease in the rate of protein synthesis and a decrease in testosterone.

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Growth Hormone Role

Growth hormone is involved in the control of metabolism, mainly in anabolism.

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Estrogen and Osteoporosis

Estrogen deficiency is associated with the development of osteoporosis.

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Causes of VO2max Decline

Decreased VO2max is related to multiple factors. The context indicates all options are relevant.

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Heart Rate Changes

Resting heart rate (Fcrepouso) does not change significantly, but maximum heart rate (FCmáx) declines with aging.

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Stroke Volume Decrease

There is a decrease of 10% to 20% in stroke volume.

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Sarcopenia

All of the options provided relate to Sarcopenia.

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Causes of Rapid Strength Loss

Rapid loss of strength can be explained by factors A and B.

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Causes of Muscle Endurance Loss

Loss of muscle endurance can be explained by factors A and B.

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Study Notes

Aging and Special Populations

  • The aging process affects different organic systems irregularly, depending on an individual's relationship with the environment, lifestyle, and quality of life.

Physiological Changes with Aging

  • Regular training is crucial to counteract the decline in VO2 max, muscle mass loss (sarcopenia), and systolic volume.
  • There is a shift of lean mass and fat mass, with mobilization from the periphery to the center.
  • Lean mass increases due to muscle mass loss (decreased protein synthesis and GH) and bone mass loss (decreased mineral content - altered osteoblast/osteoclast function).

Metabolic Changes with Aging

  • Decreased concentration of Nitric Oxide leads to a decline in VO2 max.
  • Growth hormone is involved in controlling metabolism, primarily anabolism.
  • With aging, there is an increase in estrogen production, which is associated with the onset of osteoporosis.
  • Leptin increases appetite and metabolism.

Cardiovascular Changes with Aging

  • No significant changes in resting heart rate (Fcrepouso) occur with aging, but there is a decline in maximum heart rate (FCmáx).
  • A 10% to 20% decline in systolic volume is observed, leading to a decrease in maximum cardiac output.
  • The decline in maximum heart rate contributes to the decline in VO2 max, potentially accounting for up to 50% of the decline.

Sarcopenia

  • Rapid loss of strength can be explained by the decline in muscle mass and quality.
  • Loss of muscle resistance can be explained by the decline in muscle cross-sectional area and neuromuscular function.

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