Special Populations
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Questions and Answers

What is a significant consideration during dental treatment on pregnant pt?

  • Using vasoconstrictors with local anesthetics
  • Administering aspirin
  • Managing nitrous oxide (correct)
  • Avoiding antifungal drugs

Which analgesic carries a black box warning for pediatric use?

  • Acetaminophen
  • Tetracycline
  • Aspirin (correct)
  • Metronidazole

What is a critical aspect of drug pharmacokinetics in adolescents compared to adults?

  • Different metabolism rates
  • Similar distribution patterns (correct)
  • Increased absorption
  • Slower elimination

Which antifungal drugs should be avoided during pregnancy?

<p>Metronidazole and clotrimazole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What changes occur in drug absorption during pregnancy?

<p>Decreased absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the old FDA fetal risk classification X?

<p>Contraindicated in pregnancy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dosage form is more favorable for children?

<p>Syrups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical consideration when prescribing during pregnancy?

<p>Drug pharmacokinetics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antiviral drug should be avoided during pregnancy?

<p>Ribavirin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dosing frequency with the highest compliance for children and adolescents?

<p>Once daily (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic should be avoided during pregnancy due to its teratogenic effects?

<p>Tetracycline (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely outcome of teratogenic effects after week 8 of pregnancy?

<p>Growth and CNS abnormalities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nonopioid analgesic drug of choice during pregnancy?

<p>Acetaminophen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs cross the placenta more readily?

<p>Lipid-soluble drugs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which old FDA fetal risk classification is based on controlled studies in women?

<p>Category A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was thalidomide prescribed for?

<p>Morning sickness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should nonacetaminophen NSAIDs be avoided during pregnancy?

<p>Third trimester (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with metronidazole use during pregnancy?

<p>Risk of fetal malformation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for avoiding tetracycline, minocycline, and doxycycline during pregnancy?

<p>Risk of fetal dental abnormalities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with aspirin use during pregnancy?

<p>Risk of premature closure of the ductus arteriosus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for avoiding nitrous oxide during dental treatment?

<p>Risk of maternal vitamin B12 deficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary feature of the old FDA fetal risk classification C?

<p>Animal studies show fetal risk, but human studies are lacking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with vasoconstrictors used with local anesthetics during pregnancy?

<p>Risk of maternal hypertension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary feature of anxiolytics during pregnancy?

<p>Increased risk of fetal malformation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with antiviral drugs during pregnancy?

<p>Risk of fetal malformation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why an antiviral drug is prescribed during pregnancy?

<p>To prevent vertical transmission (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary feature of drug pharmacokinetics in adolescents compared to adults?

<p>Increased clearance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely outcome of teratogenic effects when they occur during weeks 1-2 of pregnancy?

<p>Spontaneous abortion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which local anesthetics are considered safe for use during pregnancy?

<p>All amide-type anesthetics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when prescribing nonacetaminophen NSAIDs during pregnancy?

<p>Prostaglandin inhibition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic should be used during pregnancy in case of penicillin allergy?

<p>Erythromycin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why opioids are prescribed during pregnancy?

<p>To manage chronic pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the old FDA fetal risk classification that is based on controlled studies in women?

<p>Category A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why thalidomide is no longer prescribed during pregnancy?

<p>It is teratogenic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when prescribing antibiotics during pregnancy?

<p>Fetal teratogenic effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the fetal concentration of a drug compare to the maternal concentration?

<p>The fetal [drug] concentration is 50% that of the maternal [drug] concentration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference in drug pharmacokinetics between adolescents and adults?

<p>Adolescents have a similar metabolism rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does drug absorption change during pregnancy?

<p>It increases due to increased blood flow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical aspect of drug distribution during pregnancy?

<p>Increased blood volume (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of drug elimination during pregnancy?

<p>Increased glomerular filtration rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical aspect of drug metabolism during pregnancy?

<p>Decreased liver metabolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration for managing nitrous oxide during dental treatment?

<p>Avoid using it during pregnancy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of anxiolytics during pregnancy?

<p>They have a high risk of teratogenic effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the old FDA fetal risk classification X?

<p>Contraindicated during pregnancy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with antiviral drugs during pregnancy?

<p>Teratogenic effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are theoretical pharmacokinetic mechanisms during pregnancy unhelpful to affect prescription?

<p>Pharmacokinetics are affected by multiple factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary feature of the old FDA fetal risk classification C?

<p>Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for avoiding tetracycline, minocycline, and doxycycline during pregnancy?

<p>Fetal bone discoloration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with metronidazole use during pregnancy?

<p>Mutagenic effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for avoiding nitrous oxide during dental treatment?

<p>Fetal oxygen deprivation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary feature of anxiolytics during pregnancy?

<p>Fetal dependence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why an antiviral drug is prescribed during pregnancy?

<p>To prevent vertical transmission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when prescribing nonacetaminophen NSAIDs during pregnancy?

<p>Premature closure of the ductus arteriosus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of drug distribution during pregnancy?

<p>Increased volume of distribution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical consideration when prescribing antifungal drugs during pregnancy?

<p>Selecting drugs with low fetal toxicity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does drug elimination change during pregnancy?

<p>Increased glomerular filtration rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the old FDA fetal risk classification D?

<p>Positive evidence of fetal risk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical aspect of drug pharmacokinetics in adolescents compared to adults?

<p>Faster metabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration when managing nitrous oxide during dental treatment?

<p>Using a scavenger system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of vasoconstrictors used with local anesthetics during pregnancy?

<p>Decreased placental perfusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical aspect of drug metabolism during pregnancy?

<p>Increased CYP3A4 activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of anxiolytics during pregnancy?

<p>Increased risk of fetal malformations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics is more susceptible to teratogenic effects during pregnancy?

<p>Tetracycline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with using opioids during pregnancy?

<p>Neonatal withdrawal syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nonopioid analgesics is considered safe during pregnancy?

<p>Acetaminophen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for avoiding nitrous oxide during dental treatment?

<p>Teratogenic effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following local anesthetics is considered safe during pregnancy?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with using antiviral drugs during pregnancy?

<p>Teratogenic effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are theoretical pharmacokinetic mechanisms during pregnancy often unhelpful for prescription?

<p>Pharmacokinetic changes during pregnancy are unpredictable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the old FDA fetal risk classification based on controlled studies in women?

<p>Category A (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with metronidazole use during pregnancy?

<p>Teratogenic effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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