Special Populations
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Questions and Answers

What is a significant consideration during dental treatment on pregnant pt?

  • Using vasoconstrictors with local anesthetics
  • Administering aspirin
  • Managing nitrous oxide (correct)
  • Avoiding antifungal drugs

    • Which analgesic carries a black box warning for pediatric use?

  • Acetaminophen
  • Tetracycline
  • Aspirin (correct)
  • Metronidazole

    • What is a critical aspect of drug pharmacokinetics in adolescents compared to adults?

  • Different metabolism rates
  • Similar distribution patterns (correct)
  • Increased absorption
  • Slower elimination

    • Which antifungal drugs should be avoided during pregnancy?

    <p>Metronidazole and clotrimazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What changes occur in drug absorption during pregnancy?

    <p>Decreased absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the old FDA fetal risk classification X?

    <p>Contraindicated in pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dosage form is more favorable for children?

    <p>Syrups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration when prescribing during pregnancy?

    <p>Drug pharmacokinetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiviral drug should be avoided during pregnancy?

    <p>Ribavirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dosing frequency with the highest compliance for children and adolescents?

    <p>Once daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic should be avoided during pregnancy due to its teratogenic effects?

    <p>Tetracycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely outcome of teratogenic effects after week 8 of pregnancy?

    <p>Growth and CNS abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nonopioid analgesic drug of choice during pregnancy?

    <p>Acetaminophen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drugs cross the placenta more readily?

    <p>Lipid-soluble drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which old FDA fetal risk classification is based on controlled studies in women?

    <p>Category A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was thalidomide prescribed for?

    <p>Morning sickness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should nonacetaminophen NSAIDs be avoided during pregnancy?

    <p>Third trimester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern with metronidazole use during pregnancy?

    <p>Risk of fetal malformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for avoiding tetracycline, minocycline, and doxycycline during pregnancy?

    <p>Risk of fetal dental abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern with aspirin use during pregnancy?

    <p>Risk of premature closure of the ductus arteriosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for avoiding nitrous oxide during dental treatment?

    <p>Risk of maternal vitamin B12 deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature of the old FDA fetal risk classification C?

    <p>Animal studies show fetal risk, but human studies are lacking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern with vasoconstrictors used with local anesthetics during pregnancy?

    <p>Risk of maternal hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature of anxiolytics during pregnancy?

    <p>Increased risk of fetal malformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern with antiviral drugs during pregnancy?

    <p>Risk of fetal malformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why an antiviral drug is prescribed during pregnancy?

    <p>To prevent vertical transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature of drug pharmacokinetics in adolescents compared to adults?

    <p>Increased clearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely outcome of teratogenic effects when they occur during weeks 1-2 of pregnancy?

    <p>Spontaneous abortion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which local anesthetics are considered safe for use during pregnancy?

    <p>All amide-type anesthetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when prescribing nonacetaminophen NSAIDs during pregnancy?

    <p>Prostaglandin inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic should be used during pregnancy in case of penicillin allergy?

    <p>Erythromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why opioids are prescribed during pregnancy?

    <p>To manage chronic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the old FDA fetal risk classification that is based on controlled studies in women?

    <p>Category A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why thalidomide is no longer prescribed during pregnancy?

    <p>It is teratogenic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when prescribing antibiotics during pregnancy?

    <p>Fetal teratogenic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the fetal concentration of a drug compare to the maternal concentration?

    <p>The fetal [drug] concentration is 50% that of the maternal [drug] concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference in drug pharmacokinetics between adolescents and adults?

    <p>Adolescents have a similar metabolism rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does drug absorption change during pregnancy?

    <p>It increases due to increased blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect of drug distribution during pregnancy?

    <p>Increased blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of drug elimination during pregnancy?

    <p>Increased glomerular filtration rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect of drug metabolism during pregnancy?

    <p>Decreased liver metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration for managing nitrous oxide during dental treatment?

    <p>Avoid using it during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of anxiolytics during pregnancy?

    <p>They have a high risk of teratogenic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the old FDA fetal risk classification X?

    <p>Contraindicated during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern with antiviral drugs during pregnancy?

    <p>Teratogenic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are theoretical pharmacokinetic mechanisms during pregnancy unhelpful to affect prescription?

    <p>Pharmacokinetics are affected by multiple factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature of the old FDA fetal risk classification C?

    <p>Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for avoiding tetracycline, minocycline, and doxycycline during pregnancy?

    <p>Fetal bone discoloration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern with metronidazole use during pregnancy?

    <p>Mutagenic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for avoiding nitrous oxide during dental treatment?

    <p>Fetal oxygen deprivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature of anxiolytics during pregnancy?

    <p>Fetal dependence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why an antiviral drug is prescribed during pregnancy?

    <p>To prevent vertical transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when prescribing nonacetaminophen NSAIDs during pregnancy?

    <p>Premature closure of the ductus arteriosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of drug distribution during pregnancy?

    <p>Increased volume of distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration when prescribing antifungal drugs during pregnancy?

    <p>Selecting drugs with low fetal toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does drug elimination change during pregnancy?

    <p>Increased glomerular filtration rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the old FDA fetal risk classification D?

    <p>Positive evidence of fetal risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect of drug pharmacokinetics in adolescents compared to adults?

    <p>Faster metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration when managing nitrous oxide during dental treatment?

    <p>Using a scavenger system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of vasoconstrictors used with local anesthetics during pregnancy?

    <p>Decreased placental perfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect of drug metabolism during pregnancy?

    <p>Increased CYP3A4 activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of anxiolytics during pregnancy?

    <p>Increased risk of fetal malformations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics is more susceptible to teratogenic effects during pregnancy?

    <p>Tetracycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern with using opioids during pregnancy?

    <p>Neonatal withdrawal syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nonopioid analgesics is considered safe during pregnancy?

    <p>Acetaminophen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for avoiding nitrous oxide during dental treatment?

    <p>Teratogenic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following local anesthetics is considered safe during pregnancy?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern with using antiviral drugs during pregnancy?

    <p>Teratogenic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are theoretical pharmacokinetic mechanisms during pregnancy often unhelpful for prescription?

    <p>Pharmacokinetic changes during pregnancy are unpredictable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the old FDA fetal risk classification based on controlled studies in women?

    <p>Category A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern with metronidazole use during pregnancy?

    <p>Teratogenic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

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