Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following methods is NOT commonly associated with spear phishing?
Which of the following methods is NOT commonly associated with spear phishing?
- Phone calls
- Carrier pigeon
- Website forms (correct)
What is the primary goal of building a correct story in a phishing context?
What is the primary goal of building a correct story in a phishing context?
- To elicit a specific response from the user (correct)
- To improve the user interface of the phishing website
- To establish web security measures
- To gather technical documentation
What is one of the ultimate goals of spear phishing?
What is one of the ultimate goals of spear phishing?
- To promote a product
- To compromise the target's computer (correct)
- To send random emails
- To collect newsletter subscriptions
Which of the following tactics is NOT involved in a traditional spear-phishing attack?
Which of the following tactics is NOT involved in a traditional spear-phishing attack?
Which tactic is emphasized for successful spear phishing?
Which tactic is emphasized for successful spear phishing?
What must be tested when copying a website for phishing purposes?
What must be tested when copying a website for phishing purposes?
Which method can be used to exploit victims in spear phishing?
Which method can be used to exploit victims in spear phishing?
Which tool can be used to automate the process of copying a website for phishing?
Which tool can be used to automate the process of copying a website for phishing?
What should you be aware of when using methods like walkie-talkies in internal communications?
What should you be aware of when using methods like walkie-talkies in internal communications?
What is a potential oversight when copying a website for phishing?
What is a potential oversight when copying a website for phishing?
What is important to include in the design of a phishing website?
What is important to include in the design of a phishing website?
Which tactic can be used to make a phishing domain less suspicious?
Which tactic can be used to make a phishing domain less suspicious?
How can a phishing website seem more legitimate to users?
How can a phishing website seem more legitimate to users?
What is one way to utilize the Domain Name System (DNS) for phishing?
What is one way to utilize the Domain Name System (DNS) for phishing?
What should be considered when choosing a phishing domain name?
What should be considered when choosing a phishing domain name?
How can phishing emails be designed to bypass spam filters?
How can phishing emails be designed to bypass spam filters?
What feature may be needed for a phishing website to look more credible?
What feature may be needed for a phishing website to look more credible?
Which approach is least effective for creating a phishing website?
Which approach is least effective for creating a phishing website?
Which domain name alteration method could create suspicion in users?
Which domain name alteration method could create suspicion in users?
What is a potential benefit of registering a secondary domain for phishing?
What is a potential benefit of registering a secondary domain for phishing?
Spear phishing can only be done through email methods.
Spear phishing can only be done through email methods.
The ultimate goal of spear phishing is to compromise the target individual's computer.
The ultimate goal of spear phishing is to compromise the target individual's computer.
Using walkie-talkies for internal communication in companies can be a method of spear phishing.
Using walkie-talkies for internal communication in companies can be a method of spear phishing.
Building trust with a target user is irrelevant for successful spear phishing.
Building trust with a target user is irrelevant for successful spear phishing.
Client-side exploits are one of the main methods used in spear phishing to achieve goals.
Client-side exploits are one of the main methods used in spear phishing to achieve goals.
The correct story is significant for creating a phishing interaction.
The correct story is significant for creating a phishing interaction.
Target users are not interested in free trials of software during phishing attempts.
Target users are not interested in free trials of software during phishing attempts.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) files are often overlooked when copying a website for phishing.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) files are often overlooked when copying a website for phishing.
The only method to execute a spear-phishing attack is to copy an existing website.
The only method to execute a spear-phishing attack is to copy an existing website.
It is unimportant to test a copied phishing website to ensure it functions correctly.
It is unimportant to test a copied phishing website to ensure it functions correctly.
A phishing website should look exactly as the user expects to avoid raising suspicion.
A phishing website should look exactly as the user expects to avoid raising suspicion.
Using a domain name that is an exact match for the target is the best option for creating a phishing website.
Using a domain name that is an exact match for the target is the best option for creating a phishing website.
A subtle misspelling of a domain name can be used to confuse the target.
A subtle misspelling of a domain name can be used to confuse the target.
Phishing tactics do not typically require valid Secure Socket Layer (SSL) certificates.
Phishing tactics do not typically require valid Secure Socket Layer (SSL) certificates.
Only email is used for spear phishing attacks.
Only email is used for spear phishing attacks.
Users' lack of understanding of the Domain Name System (DNS) can be exploited in phishing.
Users' lack of understanding of the Domain Name System (DNS) can be exploited in phishing.
Implementing back-end functionality is unnecessary after creating a phishing website.
Implementing back-end functionality is unnecessary after creating a phishing website.
Using alternate domain formats, like weaktarget.com.myportal.com, can enhance phishing effectiveness.
Using alternate domain formats, like weaktarget.com.myportal.com, can enhance phishing effectiveness.
The goal of a phishing website is to alert users to its fraudulent nature.
The goal of a phishing website is to alert users to its fraudulent nature.
Creating a narrative around a phishing website can increase its success.
Creating a narrative around a phishing website can increase its success.
Which of the following does NOT qualify as a method of spear phishing?
Which of the following does NOT qualify as a method of spear phishing?
What is one of the primary methods used to exploit individuals during spear phishing attacks?
What is one of the primary methods used to exploit individuals during spear phishing attacks?
Which tactic is advised for increasing the effectiveness of social engineering in spear phishing?
Which tactic is advised for increasing the effectiveness of social engineering in spear phishing?
What is a key advantage of using trusted internal communication methods in spear phishing?
What is a key advantage of using trusted internal communication methods in spear phishing?
Which of these is a potential outcome of a successful spear phishing attempt?
Which of these is a potential outcome of a successful spear phishing attempt?
What is crucial to ensure when copying a website for phishing purposes?
What is crucial to ensure when copying a website for phishing purposes?
Which scenario is NOT recommended for crafting a phishing story?
Which scenario is NOT recommended for crafting a phishing story?
Which of the following is a common mistake when executing a spear-phishing attack?
Which of the following is a common mistake when executing a spear-phishing attack?
What element should be included to enhance the credibility of a phishing website?
What element should be included to enhance the credibility of a phishing website?
What is an effective way to collect information from a target during a phishing attack?
What is an effective way to collect information from a target during a phishing attack?
What should be considered while designing the look and feel of a phishing website?
What should be considered while designing the look and feel of a phishing website?
Which domain name strategy is commonly used to avoid suspicion in phishing?
Which domain name strategy is commonly used to avoid suspicion in phishing?
What is a significant advantage of registering a secondary domain for phishing?
What is a significant advantage of registering a secondary domain for phishing?
How can phishing emails avoid being flagged as spam?
How can phishing emails avoid being flagged as spam?
What is a common misconception users have about the Domain Name System (DNS)?
What is a common misconception users have about the Domain Name System (DNS)?
Which approach is taken to register a phishing domain more effectively?
Which approach is taken to register a phishing domain more effectively?
What crucial back-end functionality must be implemented after designing the phishing website?
What crucial back-end functionality must be implemented after designing the phishing website?
What is an effective way to maintain the illusion of legitimacy in a phishing domain?
What is an effective way to maintain the illusion of legitimacy in a phishing domain?
What role does SSL certification play in a phishing website?
What role does SSL certification play in a phishing website?
Which design element is essential to avoid alerting users during a phishing attempt?
Which design element is essential to avoid alerting users during a phishing attempt?
E-mail is the only method effective for spear phishing.
E-mail is the only method effective for spear phishing.
Client-side exploits are a primary method of achieving goals in spear phishing.
Client-side exploits are a primary method of achieving goals in spear phishing.
Using Walkie-talkies for internal communication is a recognized method of spear phishing.
Using Walkie-talkies for internal communication is a recognized method of spear phishing.
Building trust with a target user is not significant for effective spear phishing.
Building trust with a target user is not significant for effective spear phishing.
It is important to collect both technical and non-technical capabilities for a successful phishing attempt.
It is important to collect both technical and non-technical capabilities for a successful phishing attempt.
A subtle misspelling in a domain name can confuse the target and enhance phishing effectiveness.
A subtle misspelling in a domain name can confuse the target and enhance phishing effectiveness.
The stories used in phishing can include offers for free trials of software.
The stories used in phishing can include offers for free trials of software.
Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) files are typically included when copying an existing website for phishing.
Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) files are typically included when copying an existing website for phishing.
Testing the copied phishing website for functionality is an unnecessary step in executing an attack.
Testing the copied phishing website for functionality is an unnecessary step in executing an attack.
A phishing website should be designed to alert users to its fraudulent nature.
A phishing website should be designed to alert users to its fraudulent nature.
A domain name that includes subtle misspellings can make a phishing site appear more legitimate.
A domain name that includes subtle misspellings can make a phishing site appear more legitimate.
Maintaining the same font style is irrelevant when creating a phishing website.
Maintaining the same font style is irrelevant when creating a phishing website.
Valid Secure Socket Layer (SSL) certificates are unnecessary for a phishing website.
Valid Secure Socket Layer (SSL) certificates are unnecessary for a phishing website.
Phishing tactics usually avoid using known company domains to prevent suspicion.
Phishing tactics usually avoid using known company domains to prevent suspicion.
Users' understanding of the Domain Name System (DNS) can be exploited in phishing scenarios.
Users' understanding of the Domain Name System (DNS) can be exploited in phishing scenarios.
Creating a narrative around a phishing website can detract from its effectiveness.
Creating a narrative around a phishing website can detract from its effectiveness.
Changing letters in a domain name, such as using '0' instead of 'o', is a common strategy in phishing.
Changing letters in a domain name, such as using '0' instead of 'o', is a common strategy in phishing.
It is essential to implement back-end functionality after the design of a phishing website.
It is essential to implement back-end functionality after the design of a phishing website.
Phishing websites do not need to mimic existing websites closely to be successful.
Phishing websites do not need to mimic existing websites closely to be successful.
Building rapport with the target user is essential for an effective phishing attack.
Building rapport with the target user is essential for an effective phishing attack.
Only technical capabilities are needed when gathering information on a target for phishing.
Only technical capabilities are needed when gathering information on a target for phishing.
A phishing website can be effective even if it does not perfectly copy a legitimate website.
A phishing website can be effective even if it does not perfectly copy a legitimate website.
The Social Engineering Toolkit’s Site Cloner is a tool used for automatically harvesting credentials.
The Social Engineering Toolkit’s Site Cloner is a tool used for automatically harvesting credentials.
CSS files are among the critical components that may be overlooked when copying a website for phishing.
CSS files are among the critical components that may be overlooked when copying a website for phishing.
A phishing website should incorporate elements of social omniscience to better deceive users.
A phishing website should incorporate elements of social omniscience to better deceive users.
Using a domain name that closely resembles the targeted organization is ineffective for phishing.
Using a domain name that closely resembles the targeted organization is ineffective for phishing.
Registering a domain like weaktarget.com.notevil.com can increase trust in the phishing attempt.
Registering a domain like weaktarget.com.notevil.com can increase trust in the phishing attempt.
It's essential to maintain an innocuous appearance for a phishing domain name to avoid raising suspicion.
It's essential to maintain an innocuous appearance for a phishing domain name to avoid raising suspicion.
A phishing website can function without any back-end functionality.
A phishing website can function without any back-end functionality.
Replacing letters with numbers in domain names is a common tactic used in phishing.
Replacing letters with numbers in domain names is a common tactic used in phishing.
Phishing tactics do not utilize Secure Socket Layer (SSL) certificates.
Phishing tactics do not utilize Secure Socket Layer (SSL) certificates.
All phishing domains should aim to resemble the original domain exactly to be successful.
All phishing domains should aim to resemble the original domain exactly to be successful.
Phishing attempts are less likely to succeed if users have a good understanding of the Domain Name System (DNS).
Phishing attempts are less likely to succeed if users have a good understanding of the Domain Name System (DNS).
Creating a narrative around a phishing website is irrelevant to its success.
Creating a narrative around a phishing website is irrelevant to its success.
A successful spear-phishing operation should aim to interact with multiple users to trigger widespread vulnerability.
A successful spear-phishing operation should aim to interact with multiple users to trigger widespread vulnerability.
Using methods like Post-It notes can be part of an internal communication strategy that is trusted for spear phishing.
Using methods like Post-It notes can be part of an internal communication strategy that is trusted for spear phishing.
The ultimate goal of spear phishing is solely to obtain sensitive user credentials from targeted applications.
The ultimate goal of spear phishing is solely to obtain sensitive user credentials from targeted applications.
Walkie-talkies and carrier pigeons are never considered effective methods for spear phishing.
Walkie-talkies and carrier pigeons are never considered effective methods for spear phishing.
Client-side exploits are included among the main methods employed in spear phishing to achieve specific goals.
Client-side exploits are included among the main methods employed in spear phishing to achieve specific goals.
Which method can enhance the effectiveness of social engineering during spear phishing?
Which method can enhance the effectiveness of social engineering during spear phishing?
What is a significant reason for using internal communication methods in spear phishing attacks?
What is a significant reason for using internal communication methods in spear phishing attacks?
What is a critical factor to consider when executing a successful spear phishing attack?
What is a critical factor to consider when executing a successful spear phishing attack?
Which tactic is specifically recommended for gathering user credentials in spear phishing?
Which tactic is specifically recommended for gathering user credentials in spear phishing?
Which of the following is a less conventional method of spear phishing that may lead to surprising results?
Which of the following is a less conventional method of spear phishing that may lead to surprising results?
What is a crucial aspect to ensure when constructing the narrative for a phishing website?
What is a crucial aspect to ensure when constructing the narrative for a phishing website?
When utilizing the Site Cloner tool for phishing, which of the following is considered a critical step?
When utilizing the Site Cloner tool for phishing, which of the following is considered a critical step?
Which of the following exemplifies an effective method to establish rapport during a phishing attempt?
Which of the following exemplifies an effective method to establish rapport during a phishing attempt?
What is often overlooked when copying a legitimate website for a phishing attack?
What is often overlooked when copying a legitimate website for a phishing attack?
What primary factor should guide the story-building process in phishing?
What primary factor should guide the story-building process in phishing?
What is the primary purpose of creating a phishing website that looks familiar to users?
What is the primary purpose of creating a phishing website that looks familiar to users?
Which domain name strategy is suggested to minimize suspicion from targets?
Which domain name strategy is suggested to minimize suspicion from targets?
What is one possible disadvantage of using a domain name with several added words, like 'portal-weaktarget.com'?
What is one possible disadvantage of using a domain name with several added words, like 'portal-weaktarget.com'?
What can be gained by registering a domain that appears as a subdomain of the target's website?
What can be gained by registering a domain that appears as a subdomain of the target's website?
What common misconception might users have about domain names and their relation to phishing?
What common misconception might users have about domain names and their relation to phishing?
Which element is critical for the back-end functionality of a phishing website?
Which element is critical for the back-end functionality of a phishing website?
What is an incorrect assumption a phishing site designer might have regarding user understanding of web domains?
What is an incorrect assumption a phishing site designer might have regarding user understanding of web domains?
Why might a phishing website use familiar fonts and layouts?
Why might a phishing website use familiar fonts and layouts?
In phishing, which tactic is typically used to establish a deceptive narrative around a website?
In phishing, which tactic is typically used to establish a deceptive narrative around a website?
What does registering a domain that contains slight variations of the target domain achieve?
What does registering a domain that contains slight variations of the target domain achieve?
Flashcards
Spear Phishing Methods
Spear Phishing Methods
Various ways to target specific individuals, not just mass emails, including email, snail mail, phone calls, text messages, instant messaging, websites, and even unusual methods like walkie-talkies or carrier pigeons.
Spear Phishing Goal
Spear Phishing Goal
Compromising a target's computer, stealing credentials to access important applications (like banking or company portals).
Technical Spear Phishing Exploitation Tactics
Technical Spear Phishing Exploitation Tactics
Methods used to achieve the spear phishing goal, such as creating fake websites to capture credentials, using client-side exploits, or creating custom Trojans to gain access.
Social Engineering Interaction
Social Engineering Interaction
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Reconnaissance Phase (in context of Social Engineering)
Reconnaissance Phase (in context of Social Engineering)
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Target-Focused Information Gathering
Target-Focused Information Gathering
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Story Building for Rapport
Story Building for Rapport
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What Story Works Best?
What Story Works Best?
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Website Cloning for Phishing
Website Cloning for Phishing
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Essential Website Files
Essential Website Files
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Phishing Website Look and Feel
Phishing Website Look and Feel
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Social Omniscience in Phishing
Social Omniscience in Phishing
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Domain Name Misspelling
Domain Name Misspelling
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Domain Spoofing
Domain Spoofing
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Domain Name System (DNS)
Domain Name System (DNS)
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SSL Certificate in Phishing
SSL Certificate in Phishing
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Email Spoofing
Email Spoofing
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Phishing Website Back-End Functionality
Phishing Website Back-End Functionality
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Phishing Website Language Choice
Phishing Website Language Choice
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Phishing Website - Avoiding Spam Filters
Phishing Website - Avoiding Spam Filters
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Exploitation Tactics
Exploitation Tactics
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Reconnaissance Phase
Reconnaissance Phase
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What is the best method for collecting information on a target?
What is the best method for collecting information on a target?
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What is the most important factor in building a successful social engineering story?
What is the most important factor in building a successful social engineering story?
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What is a common tactic for creating a phishing website?
What is a common tactic for creating a phishing website?
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What is important to remember when copying a website for phishing?
What is important to remember when copying a website for phishing?
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What should you do before using a cloned website for phishing?
What should you do before using a cloned website for phishing?
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What's Social Omniscience in Phishing?
What's Social Omniscience in Phishing?
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Domain Name Misspelling for Phishing
Domain Name Misspelling for Phishing
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Why is a Fake SSL Certificate Bad?
Why is a Fake SSL Certificate Bad?
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What's Email Spoofing?
What's Email Spoofing?
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What's the Phishing Website Back-End?
What's the Phishing Website Back-End?
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Why Choose a Specific Language for a Phishing Website?
Why Choose a Specific Language for a Phishing Website?
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How to Avoid Spam Filters in Phishing Emails
How to Avoid Spam Filters in Phishing Emails
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Reconnaissance Phase (Social Engineering)
Reconnaissance Phase (Social Engineering)
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Target Information
Target Information
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Storytelling for Rapport
Storytelling for Rapport
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Website Cloning
Website Cloning
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Website Integrity
Website Integrity
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Test Before Using
Test Before Using
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Fake SSL Certificate
Fake SSL Certificate
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Phishing Website Functionality
Phishing Website Functionality
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Phishing Website Languages
Phishing Website Languages
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Avoiding Spam Filters
Avoiding Spam Filters
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Social Omniscience
Social Omniscience
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Client-Side Exploits
Client-Side Exploits
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Target Info: What to Collect
Target Info: What to Collect
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Building Trust: The Story
Building Trust: The Story
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Website Cloning: Phishing Tactic
Website Cloning: Phishing Tactic
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Website Integrity: Essential Files
Website Integrity: Essential Files
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Test Before Attacking
Test Before Attacking
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Website Look and Feel
Website Look and Feel
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Phishing Website Back-End
Phishing Website Back-End
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Why is Social Omniscience Important?
Why is Social Omniscience Important?
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Best Target Info
Best Target Info
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Story for Trust
Story for Trust
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Website Cloning: The Basics
Website Cloning: The Basics
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Phishing Website: Testing is Key
Phishing Website: Testing is Key
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Domain Name Options
Domain Name Options
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Domain Misspelling
Domain Misspelling
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SSL Certificate
SSL Certificate
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Phishing Email Spam Filters
Phishing Email Spam Filters
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Back-End Features
Back-End Features
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Target Information: What to Collect
Target Information: What to Collect
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Back-End Functionality
Back-End Functionality
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Why choose a Specific Programming Language for Phishing?
Why choose a Specific Programming Language for Phishing?
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Why Avoid Spam Filters in Phishing Emails?
Why Avoid Spam Filters in Phishing Emails?
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Valid SSL Certificates for Phishing
Valid SSL Certificates for Phishing
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Study Notes
Spear Social Engineering (Part 2)
- Spear phishing involves sending emails with malicious attachments or links to malicious websites.
- Email spear phishing is a highly effective method, but not the only approach.
- Various methods can be used to target individuals, including snail mail, phone calls, text messages, instant messaging, watering hole websites, malicious websites, and even unusual methods like CB radio, walkie-talkies, Post-it notes, and carrier pigeons.
- Internal communications, such as walkie-talkies or Post-it notes, can be vulnerabilities due to perceived trustworthiness.
Spear Phishing Methods
- Spear phishing aims to compromise a target's computer.
- Tactics include gaining user credentials for important applications (e.g., banking, portal logins) using methods like phishing websites, client-side exploits, and custom Trojan backdoors.
Technical Spear Phishing Tactics
- Multiple tactics can be used for any chosen method of attack, but avoid targeting many people at once.
- The objective is to social engineer a target user so that they are unaware of the attack after it occurs.
- Successful spear phishing relies on interaction and building trust with the target under a false guise.
- This interaction extends the reconnaissance phase and collects information about the target on technical and non-technical fronts.
Building the Story
- Creating a convincing story is crucial for spear phishing.
- Don't be bound by convention; think outside the box.
- Tailor the story to the specific target user.
Examples of Effective Stories (building rapport)
- Presenting yourself as a collaborator, colleague, or partner
- Acting as a salesperson offering trial software
- Suggesting participation in a group with shared interests
- Requesting feedback on trial software targeted at a specific industry
Phishing Website Tactics
- Traditional phishing website approach involves copying an existing website and directing a target to a fraudulent site.
- The fraudulent site must mimic the genuine website to avoid suspicion.
- Tools like the Social Engineering Toolkit's Site Cloner can be used to copy a website.
- Ensure all dependent files (CSS, JavaScript) are copied and the website renders correctly for the user.
Website Look and Feel
- The phishing website should appear authentic, matching the user's expectations in every detail, including font.
- This aspect incorporates social engineering using the art of social omniscience.
Website: Domain Name Options
- Carefully choose a domain name to avoid suspicion.
- Creating a new company is one option.
- Using a similar domain name with a subtle misspelling is another.
- A plausible secondary domain can be used to appear genuine.
- Examples of a target "weaktarget.com" could use "portal-weaktarget.com" or "benefit-weaktarget.com."
Phishing Website Back-End Functionality
- Decide on the user's experience after logging in. Options include redirecting to a legitimate, static page, or a malware deployment page on a separate website.
- A proxy approach might record credentials and redirect to a legitimate website but not yours.
- Or test the credentials by attempting a login.
PHP-Phony (Phishing Proxy)
- Configure a phishing web server as a proxy to intercept user requests and log all activity.
- This allows observing user actions while also hiding the phishing website's true identity.
Phishing Website Watering Holes
- Watering holes are common points online that a target user would frequent.
- Collect user information by creating an account or gaining access as a user; this information may include user choices usernames, reused passwords, valid/alternative email addresses, and other pertinent information.
Client-side Exploit
- Exploit vulnerabilities in software running on an end-user system.
- Popular targets include common software like Microsoft Office suite applications, email clients, multimedia software, and web browsers.
Custom Trojan Backdoor
- Create and deliver a backdoor through software bundles.
- Methods include incorporating the backdoor (trojan) software into pirated software, trial software obtained from legitimate vendors, or legitimate software purchased from a vendor.
- Provide a download link; the software (exe) must be executed/run. This method requires proper execution formatting and structure.
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