Spanish Sentence and Syntagma Analysis

• Analysis of Sentences and Syntagmas in the Spanish Language.

Analysis of Sentences

• Involves locating the verb in the sentence.
• Determining the subject by asking "Who?" to the verb.
• Identifying the predicate as what is not the subject.
• Determining if the predicate is nominal (PN) or verbal (PV).

Steps for Syntactic Analysis

• The nucleus (N) is a noun or pronoun.
• The determinant (Det) consists of words preceding the noun.
• Complements of the nucleus are adjacent units that usually follow the noun.

Analysis of the Subject

• The nucleus is the copulative verb (ser, estar, parecer - to be).
• The attribute is the nucleus of the PN, typically an adjective or noun.
• Can be identified by its agreement with the subject in gender and number.

Analysis of the Nominal Predicate (PN)

• The nucleus is the verb.
• The direct object (CD) answers "What is it that?" and can be replaced by pronouns.
• The indirect object (CI) answers "To whom?" and is introduced with the preposition "a".

Analysis of the Verbal Predicate (PV)

• A circumstantial complement (CC) answers various questions about time, place, manner, etc.

Syntagmas Definition

• Syntagma refers to a sequence of two or more words that perform a syntactic function.
• It lacks a sentence-like sequence with a subject and predicate but fulfills a specific function.
• Example: "The man in the plaid shirt gazes thoughtfully at the sea".

Types of Syntagmas

• A) Noun Syntagma (SN): Its nucleus is a noun and might include determinants, adjacent units, and other elements, for example: "The tree".
• B) Adjective Syntagma (S. Adj): Its nucleus is an adjective and can include quantifiers and adjacent units, for example: "Very kind".
• C) Adverbial Syntagma (S Adv): Its nucleus is an adverb and can include quantifiers and adjacent units, for example: "Very close".
• D) Prepositional Syntagma (S prep.): Begins with a preposition and has a term, for example: "In a place in La Mancha".
• E) Verbal Syntagma (SV): Its nucleus is a verb and performs the function of predicate, for example: "Andrew has bought a stereo in some stores".

Sentence Definition

• A sentence is a unit of communication that has complete meaning and is syntactically independent.
• It is characterized by ending in a pause and a period or full stop, indicating its closure.
• Example: "The teacher's table has books".

Sentence Elements

• A sentence consists of two main elements: subject and predicate.
• The subject (S) is who performs the action of the verb or about whom something is said.
• The predicate (P) is what is said of the subject.

Subject Definition and Function

• The subject is the part of the sentence that performs the action of the verb.
• It is identified by asking "Who?" or "Who are?" to the verb.
• Example: In "The son of my neighbor bought a bicycle", the subject is "The son of my neighbor".

Subject Nucleus

• The nucleus (N) of the subject is the most important word, usually a noun.
• Example: In "The son of my neighbor", "son" is the nucleus.
• In sentences with an omitted subject (SO), the subject is not explicitly present, for example: "(They) played Indians".

Predicate Definition and Function

• The predicate encompasses everything that is not the subject in the sentence.
• The most important part of the predicate is the verb, referred to as the nucleus (N).
• In "The son of my neighbor bought a bicycle", "bought a bicycle" is the predicate.

Predicate Classes

• Nominal Predicate (PN): Formed by copulative verbs (ser, estar, parecer - to be) and an attribute, for example: "The girl is intelligent".
• The attribute is the nucleus of the PN and may include other complements.
• Verbal Predicate (PV): Consists of all other verbs that are not copulative, for example: "The child eats apples".