Spanish Language Fundamentals

Oracion (Prayer)

• The prayer is intended to be recited before the start of class.
• Main purpose is to seek the Lord's protection and mercy.
• Also seeks intercession of the Virgin Santa Maria.
• Asks to be freed from danger and to be able to live in tranquility and peace.

Prayers

• The following standard prayers included are "La señal de la Santa Cruz" (Sign of the Holy Cross), "El Padre nuestro" (Lord's Prayer), "El Avemariá" (Hail Mary), and "Gloria" (Glory Be).
• "La señal de la Santa Cruz" is a statement of belief in the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
• "El Padre nuestro" asks for God's will to be done on Earth as it is in Heaven, for daily bread, forgiveness, and deliverance from evil.
• "El Avemariá" praises Mary and asks for her prayers.
• "Gloria" glorifies the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

Abecedario (Spelling)

• Presents the Spanish alphabet and how to spell words
• Used for vocabulary building
• Provides examples like "Alemania" (Germany), "Buenos Aires", "Chile" etc.

Los Numerales

• Lists numerals in Spanish, from 0 to 20, then by tens to 80
• Also includes numbers like 200, 300, 400, 500,600,700,800,900,1,000, 3000, 4000, 100,000, 1,000,000, 2,000,000, 20,000,000.
• Covers ordinal numbers like "Primero" (First), "Segundo" (Second), "Tercero" (Third), "Cuarto" (Fourth), "Quinto" (Fifth), "Sexto" (Sixth), "Séptimo" (Seventh), "Octavo" (Eighth), "Noveno" (Ninth), and "Décimo" (Tenth).

Greetings

• Lists common greetings in Spanish.
• Includes phrases like "Buenos días" (Good morning) to "Bien, gracias" (Fine, thank you).
• Covers polite and familiar forms of address, such as "¿cómo está usted?" (How are you? - polite) and "¿cómo estás?" (How are you? - familiar).

Days and Months

• Lists the days of the week: "Lunes" (Monday) through "Domingo" (Sunday).
• Lists the months of the year: "Enero" (January) through "Diciembre" (December).

Seasons and Directions

• Lists the four seasons: "La Primavera" (Spring), "El Verano" (Summer), "El Otoño" (Autumn), and "El Envierno" (Winter).
• Lists the cardinal directions: "Norte" (North), "Sur" (South), "Este" (East), and "Oeste" (West).

Morning, Noon, and Night

• "Mañana" (morning)
• "Mediodia" (noon)
• "Tarde" (afternoon)
• "Noche" (evening, night)
• "Hoy" (today)
• "Ayer" (yesterday)
• "Mañana" (tomorrow)
• "Hoy Es Viernes" (Today is Friday)
• "Ayer Fue Jueves" (Yesterday was Thursday)
• "Mañana Es Sabado" (Tomorrow is Saturday)

Color

• Provides a list of basic colors in Spanish and their translations.
• Includes colors such as "Rojo" (Red), "Azul" (Blue), "Verde" (Green), "Negro" (Black), "Blanco" (White), "Amarillo" (Yellow) etc.

What's Your Name

• Provides phrases for asking and telling names.
• Includes questions like "¿Como te Ilamos?" (What's your name? - familiar), "¿Como se llama usted?" (What's your name? - formal), and "¿Me Llamo Juan Castro?" (My name is Juan Castro).

Where are you from?

• Teaches how to ask and answer questions about origin.
• Includes "¿De donde es usted?" (Where are you from?) and responses like "Soy de Filipinas" (I'm from the Philippines).

How old are you?

• Presents phrases for asking and stating age.
• Includes "¿Cuantos años tiene usted?" (How old are you?) and "Tengo veinticuatro años" (I'm twenty-four).

Subject Pronouns

• Explains subject pronouns in Spanish.
• Notes there are more options than in English due to gender and formality.
• Lists singular pronouns: "yo" (I), "tú" (you - familiar), "él" (he), "ella" (she), "usted" (you - formal).
• Lists plural pronouns: "nosotros" (we - masculine/mixed), "nosotras" (we - feminine), "vosotros" (you - familiar, masculine/mixed), "vosotras" (you - familiar, feminine), "ellos" (they - masculine/mixed), "ellas" (they - feminine), "ustedes" (you - formal).

Regular -ar Endings

• "yo" (I) ending is "-o".
• "tú" (you - familiar) ending is "-as".
• "él/ella/usted" (he/she/you - formal) ending is "-a".
• "nosotros/nosotras" (we) ending is "-amos".
• "vosotros/vosotras" (you - familiar plural) ending is "-áis".
• "ellos/ellas/ustedes" (they/you - formal plural) ending is "-an".

To speak: Hablar

• Presents the conjugation of the verb "hablar" (to speak) in the present tense.
• "yo hablo" (I speak), "tú hablas" (you speak - familiar), "él/ella/usted habla" (he/she/you speak - formal), "nosotros/nosotras hablamos" (we speak), "vosotros/vosotras habláis" (you speak - familiar plural), "ellos/ellas/ustedes hablan" (they/you speak - formal plural).
• Notes "tú" is used for people you know well, and "usted" is the polite/formal form.

Verb Endings

• Singular verb endings include: "-o" (I), "-as" (you - familiar), "-a" (he/she/you - polite).
• Plural verb endings include: "-amos" (we), "-áis" (you - familiar plural), and "-an" (they/you - polite plural).
• Common -ar verbs mentioned are "trabajar" (to work) and "viajar" (to travel).
• The pronouns are often omitted, the verb ending is sufficient.

Pronouns

• Mentions several forms of pronouns differ depending on whether men or women are speaking.
• Examples provided such as: "nosotros hablamos" (we are speaking - men), "nosotras hablamos" (we are speaking - women).
• Usted (Ud.) and ustedes (Uds.) are abbreviations of vuestra merced, "Your Grace".

Articles "The" and "A"

• Focuses on definite and indefinite articles.
• "el chico" (the boy), "la chica" (the girl), "los chicos" (the boys), "las chicas" (the girls).
• Nouns that take "el" are masculine, while nouns that take "la" are feminine.
• Lists examples such as "un chico" (a boy), "una chica" (a girl), "unos chicos" (some boys), "unas chicas" (some girls).

Negative Statements

• Negative statements are formed by placing "no" before the verb.
• Provides examples such as "no hablo español" (I don't speak Spanish).

Definite Article

• "El" is used before feminine nouns beginning with stressed 'a' (or h).
• "Lo," is a neuter article used before parts of speech other than nouns when they are used as nouns.

Using Definite Articles

• Definite articles are used with abstract nouns, nouns referring to a class, names of languages, and in expressions of time.

Definite Articles - Geographical names

• Definite articles included are used before certain geographical names, and with parts of the body/articles of clothing.
• The adjective is generally placed after the noun.

Indefinite Article

• The Indefinite article is omitted before rank, profession, trade, nationality, etc.

Conjugation of Regular -er verbs

• Provides verb conjugations for regular "-er" verbs
• Regular -er endings
• yo = o
• tu = es
• el/ella/usted = e
• nosotros/nosotras = emos
• vosotros/vosotras = eis
• ellos/ellas/ustedes = en

Conjugation of Regular -ir verbs

• Provides verb conjugations for regular "-ir" verbs
• Regular -ir endings
• yo = o
• tu = es
• el/ella/usted = e
• nosotros/nosotras = imos
• vosotros/vosotras = is
• ellos/ellas/ustedes = en

Verbs

• Includes a sections with examples of verbs related to To Eat: Comer, to drink: Beber and To Take: Tomar

A quiz covering core concepts in Spanish, including greetings, numbers, spelling, and basic vocabulary. This tests understanding of unique Spanish characters and common phrases. Challenges include number recognition and ordinal identification.