Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the primary role of the First Normal Schools in the Philippines?
What was the primary role of the First Normal Schools in the Philippines?
What significant social class emerged as a result of more educated natives in the Philippines?
What significant social class emerged as a result of more educated natives in the Philippines?
What major infrastructure development accelerated travel for Filipinos to pursue higher education in Europe?
What major infrastructure development accelerated travel for Filipinos to pursue higher education in Europe?
Which group became influential due to the economic progress during the 19th century in the Philippines?
Which group became influential due to the economic progress during the 19th century in the Philippines?
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What does the term 'Inquilino' signify in the modern Spanish context?
What does the term 'Inquilino' signify in the modern Spanish context?
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What was a primary cause of conflict between estate workers and landowners?
What was a primary cause of conflict between estate workers and landowners?
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Liberalism is founded on which fundamental ideas?
Liberalism is founded on which fundamental ideas?
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What potential threat does liberalism identify regarding government?
What potential threat does liberalism identify regarding government?
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What were the primary motives behind the Spanish expeditions during the 19th century?
What were the primary motives behind the Spanish expeditions during the 19th century?
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Which technology was used to find latitude by observing the sun or stars?
Which technology was used to find latitude by observing the sun or stars?
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Which group represented the highest social status in the Spanish colonial hierarchy in the Philippines?
Which group represented the highest social status in the Spanish colonial hierarchy in the Philippines?
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What was the Law of Burgos primarily focused on?
What was the Law of Burgos primarily focused on?
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What was a significant effect of the Spanish colonization on education in the Philippines?
What was a significant effect of the Spanish colonization on education in the Philippines?
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Who were the viceroys in the context of the Spanish colonial Philippines?
Who were the viceroys in the context of the Spanish colonial Philippines?
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What was the forced labor system common in the Spanish colonies used for?
What was the forced labor system common in the Spanish colonies used for?
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Which component was NOT a direct consequence of Spanish colonization?
Which component was NOT a direct consequence of Spanish colonization?
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Study Notes
Education in the Philippines
- First normal schools established by missionaries were parochial schools run by Augustinians, Franciscans, Jesuits, and Dominicans.
- Colleges equivalent to modern high schools were created for both boys and girls.
- University education began in the early 17th century.
- A royal decree in 1839 led to the establishment of a public school system.
- The emergence of the "Ilustrados," a class of educated natives, resulted from increasing education access.
- The Suez Canal's opening made travel to Europe more accessible, prompting many locals to seek higher education in places like Barcelona and Madrid.
Rise of the Chinese Mestizo
- The 19th century saw economic and political changes in Europe impacting Spain and the Philippines.
- Development of commercial agriculture introduced a new class alongside church land and old nobility: the Chinese Mestizos.
- A rapidly growing Filipino middle class emerged, characterized by wealth and influence, largely due to economic progress during this period.
Rise of the Inquilinos
- Inquilinos, meaning "tenant" in Spanish, emerged as a significant social class during the Spanish period.
- The end of the Galleon Trade and Suez Canal's opening fostered increased rice cultivation and crop production.
- Inquilinos paid a fixed rent, with payment size based on land quality and size.
- Conflicts commonly arose over estate boundaries and communal land disputes, particularly involving woodcutting and grazing rights.
Political Landscape: Liberalism
- Liberalism emphasizes freedom and equality, advocating for governance to protect individuals from abuse.
- Government itself may pose threats to personal liberties.
Exploration and Colonization
- Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese navigator for Spain, is credited with discovering the Philippines while searching for the Spice Islands.
- Magellan's exploration demonstrated the Earth’s roundness and named the islands after King Philip of Spain.
- The motivations of exploration commonly referred to as "3 G's": God (spread Christianity), Gold (economic gains), and Glory (bragging rights).
Navigational Technologies
- Portolani: navigational charts outlining coastlines and distances between ports.
- Cartography: the art of mapmaking essential for navigation.
- Compass: tool indicating directional heading of ships.
- Astrolabe: device for determining latitude using celestial bodies.
- Lateen sails: triangular sails aiding efficiency in sailing.
Spanish Occupation
- The Spanish colonization of the Philippines lasted over 333 years.
- Forced labor practices introduced by Spaniards involved land grants to Spaniards with restrictions on property rights over Indigenous people.
Encomienda System
- The system was entrenched in colonial territories, using religion as justification to indoctrinate natives.
- The Law of Burgos required encomenderos controlling over fifty natives to educate one boy in writing and religious instruction.
Social Classes
- Viceroys, appointed by the king, were the heads of colonies.
- Peninsulares were Spaniards born in Spain; this group held exclusive rights to become viceroys.
Social Background of 19th Century Philippines
- The European System of Education was adopted under Spanish rule, influencing the structure and curriculum of schools.
- Laws of the Indies aimed to ensure education for Filipinos, although the practical instruction in the Spanish language was inadequate.
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Description
Explore the significant Spanish expeditions led by figures like Ferdinand Magellan and the technologies that aided exploration. Delve into the impact of Spanish colonization in the Philippines and the controversial encomienda system. Understand the historical context behind these events and their enduring legacy.
