Spanish Cultural Influences in the Philippines

Questions and Answers

What was the literacy rate in the Philippines in 1903?

55.3%

60.7%

44.2% (correct)

49.2%

The Americans introduced the freedom of religion in the Philippines.

True

What were some of the industries that prospered under American rule in the Philippines?

Coconut oil mills, cigar and cigarette factories, rope factories, fishing and fish-canning, alcohol distilleries, sugar centrals, mining

President McKinley ordered that the ________ be the medium of instruction in all public schools.

English language Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Catalogo Alfabetico de Apellidos?

To list Spanish and local surnames for Filipino families Signup and view all the answers

During Spanish times, Spanish authorities promoted intermarriage between Spaniards and Filipinos.

False Signup and view all the answers

What was the traditional Filipino clothing called?

baro and saya Signup and view all the answers

The Spanish language influenced Filipino languages like Hiligaynon, Sugbuhanon, Bikol, Tagalog, Ilokano, etc., by incorporating __________ words.

Spanish Signup and view all the answers

Match the following influences with their description:

Fiesta = Introduced by the Spaniards as rooted in religious beliefs of gratitude Education system = Introduced by the Americans emphasizing honesty, cooperation, and civic consciousness Clothing influence = Filipino women were influenced by Spanish dress, leading to the mestiza dress Religion = The Spaniards introduced Catholicism to the Filipinos Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Spanish Cultural Influences

Change of Filipino Names: Filipinos had no surnames before the Spanish colonization; they were based on physical characteristics or locations; the Spanish authorities introduced the Catalogo Alfabetico de Apellidos to standardize surnames.
Intermarriages: Limited intermarriages between Spanish men and Filipino women resulted in an improved racial stock, with children called Spanish mestizos or mestizas.
Clothing: Traditional Filipino clothing (baro and saya) was modified by the Spanish; men were influenced to wear Americana (coats) and town officials adopted European-style clothing.
Position of Women: Women's roles were diminished under Spanish rule, with an emphasis on obedience to husbands and domesticity.
Influence of Spanish Language: Filipinos learned Spanish language through interaction with Spanish administrators and friar-curates, leading to incorporation of Spanish words into Philippine languages like Tagalog, Hiligaynon, and others.
Amusement: Spanish introduced fiestas, games like panggingge and monte, and theatrical performances like comedia and zarzuela.
Common Religion: Catholicism was introduced by the Spanish and widely accepted by Filipinos, leading to a geographically unified country.
Education: Limited education was provided to Filipinos, with primary and secondary schools opened in the 19th century, leading to Filipinos studying law, medicine, pharmacy, and surveying.

American Influences

Democratic Partnership: Americans introduced a democratic government, with Filipinos as partners in self-rule, emphasizing honesty, cooperation, civic consciousness, and mutual help.
Education and School System: Americans introduced a public school system, with an emphasis on honesty, cooperation, and civic consciousness, leading to rapid improvement in education and literacy.
Public Health and Welfare: Americans improved public health and sanitation, controlling diseases, and teaching hygiene and nutrition, leading to a decrease in mortality rates.
Improvement in Trade Industry: Free trade relationship between the Philippines and the US led to increased exports, establishment of industries like coconut oil mills, cigar factories, and mining.
Transportation and Communication: Americans improved transportation infrastructure, including roads, bridges, and railways, and introduced modern communication systems.
Individual Freedoms: Americans recognized equality before the law, and the right to freedoms like religion, press, speech, and assembly.
Political Consciousness: Americans introduced institutions like political parties, elections, and a bill of rights, leading to the development of a party system in the Philippines.

Japanese Influence

Cultural Revamp: Japanese occupation led to a revamp of school curricula to emphasize Filipino culture and language, rather than American influences.
Anti-American Sentiment: Japanese encouraged Filipinos to resist American cultural and economic dominance, promoting strong moral and political ideals.
Economic Dependency: Japanese criticized the Philippines' economic dependency on the US, encouraging self-sufficiency and nationalism.

Description

Learn about the cultural exchange that occurred when the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines, including their impact on clothing, food, entertainment, and language. Discover how Filipino and Spanish cultures merged to create a unique cultural identity.