Spanish Colonization of the Philippines

• Study notes on the coming of Spain, Magellan's voyage, rivalry between Portugal and Spain, claiming the Philippines, Spaniards in Cebu, Spaniards defeat at Mactan, Legazpi Expedition and building a capital in Manila.

The Coming of Spain

• Spain came to colonize due to God (spread Catholicism), Gold (seek wealth), and Glory (political dominance) as motivations.
• Magellan's voyage, financed by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabel of Spain, aimed to reach the Philippines.
• Magellan sailed September 20, 1517, discovering the Strait of Magellan as a secret passage.

Discovery of the Philippines

• Westerners saw Magellan's landing as the "discovery" of the Philippines.
• Colonialism and imperialism drove European powers (Spain, Portugal, England, France, Netherlands) to grab new lands.

Rivalry Between Portugal and Spain

• The Treaty of Tordesillas (1493) divided lands via a demarcation line by Pope Alexander VI, granting Spain lands westward and Portugal lands eastward.
• The Treaty of Zaragosa (1529) resolved quarrels to fix a new demarcation line.
• Francisco Serrano (cousin of Magellan) wrote about Mindanao, and Duarte Barbosa wrote about Sulu.
• Portugal did not claim the Philippines.

The Spaniards Go to Cebu

• King Kolambu guided Magellan to Cebu, where he persuaded Raha Humabon to befriend the Spaniards.
• King Humabon and Magellan made a blood compact.
• Cebu had trade relations with China, Thailand, and the Moluccas.

The Spaniards Defeat at Mactan

• King Lapu-Lapu of Mactan refused to surrender to Spain.
• King Zula, an enemy of King Lapu-Lapu, offered to help Magellan, but Magellan and his men were defeated in battle.
• Lapu-Lapu defended the freedom of the Philippines, leading to Lapu-Lapu City of Mactan being named in his honor.
• The remaining Spaniards sailed to Mexico via Victoria.
• Magellan's voyage proved the Earth is round, expanded geographical knowledge, and spurred Spanish colonization interest.

Other Spanish Expeditions

• Spain continued exploring Asia with the Loaisa, Cabot, Saavedra, Villalobos, and Legazpi Expeditions. The Legazpi Expedition was the only successful one.

Legazpi Expedition and Building a Capital in Manila

• King Philip II of Spain ordered the Legazpi Expedition and the Philippines was named after him.
• Miguel Lopez de Legazpi led a Spanish-Mexican expedition.
• King Katuna (Sikatuna) and King Gala (Sigala) made blood compacts with Legazpi in Bohol.
• Legazpi founded the first Spanish city in Cebu on April 27, 1565, naming it the City of the Most Holy Name of Jesus and established a fort and church.
• Colonization expanded to Panay, Mindoro, and Manila, making Manila the colonial capital by 1571.
• Manila a rich Muslim Kingdom ruled by Raha Sulayman.
• Marshal Martin de Goiti led the invasion and won.
• Lakan Dula of Tondo persuaded Raha Sulayman to befriend Legazpi.
• Spaniards had superior weapons and discipline, Manila became the capital rebuilt.
• June 24, 1571 - Legazpi made Manila the capital.
• Manila means "place of nilad plants."
• 16th Century, Spaniards controlled Luzon and Visayas.

Spanish Colonial Government and Society

• The colony of Spain for 333 years (1565-1898).
• Filipinas become united as one nation known worldwide.
• Guam and other territories were included in the territory of the Philippines.
• Spain had dictated to the Filipinos their rulers, laws, and freedoms.
• The Spanish Governor-General was the King of Spain's representative.
• Royal Audiencia was similar to the Supreme Court today.
• Laws favored Spaniards, some outlawed slavery and human sacrifice.
• In local government, Alcalde mayor ruled provinces and Governadorcillo led towns.
• Government debts rose due to corruption and excessive fees, offset partially by the Real Situado subsidy from Mexico.

The Spanish Population

• Spain's colony the Philippines was never profitable.
• The Spanish population numbered only 2,000 during the 17th century.
• Christianity helps to keep the colony because attracted many people to it.

Laws of Christianity

• Good news of "gospel" appealed, Filipino life was approved, message was to stop the old barangay feuds and it also gave the people a better life.
• Religious state was the civil government system.
• There were archbishops, bishops and parish priests.
• There was the registrar - recorded legal documents like births, marriages, and deaths, listented to sins.
• The Spanish dream of an Asian empire failed, Christian nation in Asia.

Spain Kept the Philippines for religious duty

• Religious duty to king Philip III, father Hernando Moraga plead to the queen Isabel.

Economic Changes

• Economic wealth of the Filipinos did not change
• They made the economic growth made to the Spain and those were
  • new way of land ownership
  • Encomienda system
  • Tribute
  • Polo or Forced Labor
  • Galleon trade and annual subsidy from Mexico
  • Introduction of the New Plants and Animals
  • scientific survey

Different social hierarchy system in the Philipines created

• top were consister of wealthies
• second were those who are land owners
• last were workeres and tenant farmers

Causes of the Filipino Revolts

• Filipino revolts was due to the our love for freedom, abuses

Failed Revolts and Reasons

• There were no national who united the people and policy of divide and ruler

Independence Through Reforms: Propaganda Movement and Katipunan

• Through the propaganda movement and Katipunan, the Filipinos finally united.

Key Propaganda Movement

• New ideas from abroad about the Freedom and the rights of Men – Books and newspapers from Europe and the U.S. introduced Filipinos to ideas about freedom and human rights.
• Opening of the Suez Canal – Improved trade and communication allowed more Filipinos to learn about the world.
• Race Prejudice against Filipino priests - Racial prejudice.
• The Spanish Revolution of 1868 - new governor-general, Carlos Maria de la Torre and was good.
• The Cavite Mutiny and the execution of GomBurza - new governor-general, Rafael de Izquerdo, was a tyrant

Key Propagandists

• Graciano Lopez Jaena – founded La Solidaridad
• Rizal - famous novels, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
• Andres Bonifacio, General Aguinaldo
• Katipunan and Philippine Revolution was the result of it.