Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which economic principle primarily motivated European powers like Spain to establish colonies in the Americas?
Which economic principle primarily motivated European powers like Spain to establish colonies in the Americas?
- Communism, aiming for equitable distribution of resources among all nations involved.
- Socialism, emphasizing government control of industries and wealth redistribution within the empire.
- Capitalism, promoting free markets and open competition among various colonial ventures.
- Mercantilism, focusing on accumulating wealth through a positive balance of trade and resource extraction from colonies. (correct)
What was the main purpose of the Spanish Flota system in the context of their American empire?
What was the main purpose of the Spanish Flota system in the context of their American empire?
- Regulating and protecting the shipment of precious metals and goods from the Americas to Spain. (correct)
- Facilitating cultural exchange between Spain and its colonies by transporting artists and intellectuals.
- Promoting free trade between Spanish colonies and other European powers to boost economic growth.
- Defending colonial territories from indigenous uprisings through a network of naval patrols.
What was the main difference between a 'privateer' and a 'pirate' during the era of Spanish colonization in the Americas?
What was the main difference between a 'privateer' and a 'pirate' during the era of Spanish colonization in the Americas?
- Privateers were exclusively employed by the Spanish crown, while pirates worked for rival European powers.
- Privateers primarily targeted coastal settlements, while pirates focused on attacking ships in the open sea.
- Privateers adhered to a strict code of conduct, while pirates were known for their brutality and disregard for human life.
- Privateers were sanctioned by a government to attack enemy ships, while pirates operated independently without any official authorization. (correct)
What did the Laws of Burgos (1512) and the New Laws of the Indies (1542) attempt to regulate within the Spanish American colonies?
What did the Laws of Burgos (1512) and the New Laws of the Indies (1542) attempt to regulate within the Spanish American colonies?
How did the concept of 'monopoly' apply to Spain's control over its American colonies?
How did the concept of 'monopoly' apply to Spain's control over its American colonies?
Which of the following best describes the term 'asiento' in the context of the Spanish colonial system?
Which of the following best describes the term 'asiento' in the context of the Spanish colonial system?
What was the role of 'galleons' in Spain's strategy to protect its Spanish American empire?
What was the role of 'galleons' in Spain's strategy to protect its Spanish American empire?
How did English, French, and Dutch strategies primarily aim to undermine Spain’s control over its Spanish American empire?
How did English, French, and Dutch strategies primarily aim to undermine Spain’s control over its Spanish American empire?
Which of the following best describes the primary strategy employed by the French when attempting to take over colonies belonging to the Spanish?
Which of the following best describes the primary strategy employed by the French when attempting to take over colonies belonging to the Spanish?
Which of the following was NOT a French colony in the Caribbean?
Which of the following was NOT a French colony in the Caribbean?
How many European groups are mentioned as having invaded Guiana?
How many European groups are mentioned as having invaded Guiana?
Which of the following actions was NOT characteristic of the Dutch in their harassment of the Spanish?
Which of the following actions was NOT characteristic of the Dutch in their harassment of the Spanish?
The Dutch West India Company was established with the primary intention of:
The Dutch West India Company was established with the primary intention of:
What role did the Dutch play as 'Foster Fathers' in the colonization efforts of the English and French?
What role did the Dutch play as 'Foster Fathers' in the colonization efforts of the English and French?
Which of the following terms specifically refers to Dutch sea robbers?
Which of the following terms specifically refers to Dutch sea robbers?
What is the key difference between a pirate and a privateer?
What is the key difference between a pirate and a privateer?
Which treaty officially acknowledged the presence of the English in the Caribbean?
Which treaty officially acknowledged the presence of the English in the Caribbean?
What was a significant consequence of European rivalry in the Americas?
What was a significant consequence of European rivalry in the Americas?
What was the primary intention behind the Laws of Burgos, enacted in 1512?
What was the primary intention behind the Laws of Burgos, enacted in 1512?
What was a significant consequence of Spain's acquisition of an empire in the New World?
What was a significant consequence of Spain's acquisition of an empire in the New World?
How did other European countries view the Spanish Empire during its peak?
How did other European countries view the Spanish Empire during its peak?
What does the quote from Francis I of France, "I should like to see the clause in Adam’s will that denies me a share of the world," primarily express?
What does the quote from Francis I of France, "I should like to see the clause in Adam’s will that denies me a share of the world," primarily express?
Which of the following best describes the nature of European rivalry in the context of the Spanish Empire?
Which of the following best describes the nature of European rivalry in the context of the Spanish Empire?
Why was the English attempt to colonize Guiana initially unsuccessful?
Why was the English attempt to colonize Guiana initially unsuccessful?
What strategic advantage did St. Christopher (St. Kitts) offer to the English after its establishment as a colony?
What strategic advantage did St. Christopher (St. Kitts) offer to the English after its establishment as a colony?
What role did the Dutch play in the early development of English colonies in the Caribbean?
What role did the Dutch play in the early development of English colonies in the Caribbean?
Why did the English capture of Jamaica occur, considering the original goal of the "Western Design"?
Why did the English capture of Jamaica occur, considering the original goal of the "Western Design"?
How did Port Royal contribute to the English presence and activities in the Caribbean after the capture of Jamaica?
How did Port Royal contribute to the English presence and activities in the Caribbean after the capture of Jamaica?
What economic activity led to the permanent English settlement in Honduras (later Belize) during the 17th and 18th centuries?
What economic activity led to the permanent English settlement in Honduras (later Belize) during the 17th and 18th centuries?
Which of the following strategies did the English utilize to take control of territories from the Spaniards, specifically in St. Christopher and Jamaica?
Which of the following strategies did the English utilize to take control of territories from the Spaniards, specifically in St. Christopher and Jamaica?
What was a common factor that facilitated the takeover of certain territories in the Lesser Antilles?
What was a common factor that facilitated the takeover of certain territories in the Lesser Antilles?
In addition to St. Kitts, which other Caribbean islands did the French expand into during their colonization efforts?
In addition to St. Kitts, which other Caribbean islands did the French expand into during their colonization efforts?
What circumstances led to settlers from Tortuga and France migrating into Hispaniola?
What circumstances led to settlers from Tortuga and France migrating into Hispaniola?
Which of the following best describes the initial method used by the Columbus brothers to establish Spanish control in Hispaniola?
Which of the following best describes the initial method used by the Columbus brothers to establish Spanish control in Hispaniola?
Why was Trinidad initially difficult for the Spanish to colonize?
Why was Trinidad initially difficult for the Spanish to colonize?
What was the primary function of the Council of the Indies within the Spanish colonial government?
What was the primary function of the Council of the Indies within the Spanish colonial government?
How did the Spanish Crown attempt to maintain oversight and control over colonial officials in the Americas?
How did the Spanish Crown attempt to maintain oversight and control over colonial officials in the Americas?
Why did the Spanish divide their American empire into viceroyalties?
Why did the Spanish divide their American empire into viceroyalties?
What was the role of the cabildos in the Spanish colonial government?
What was the role of the cabildos in the Spanish colonial government?
According to the principles of mercantilism, what was the primary economic relationship expected between the Spanish colonies and Spain?
According to the principles of mercantilism, what was the primary economic relationship expected between the Spanish colonies and Spain?
What was the purpose of the Casa de Contratación (House of Trade) in the Spanish colonial system?
What was the purpose of the Casa de Contratación (House of Trade) in the Spanish colonial system?
What was the function of the Guarda Costa in the context of Spanish economic control during the colonial era?
What was the function of the Guarda Costa in the context of Spanish economic control during the colonial era?
What was Pedro Menéndez de Aviles's key contribution to the Spanish economic system between 1567 and 1574?
What was Pedro Menéndez de Aviles's key contribution to the Spanish economic system between 1567 and 1574?
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the 'Holy Office of Inquisition' in the Spanish American colonies?
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the 'Holy Office of Inquisition' in the Spanish American colonies?
In addition to religious instruction, what other crucial social services were provided by the Catholic Church in the Spanish American colonies?
In addition to religious instruction, what other crucial social services were provided by the Catholic Church in the Spanish American colonies?
How did the Spanish manage to exert significant control over the economies of their colonies throughout the Spanish American Empire?
How did the Spanish manage to exert significant control over the economies of their colonies throughout the Spanish American Empire?
What were the primary responsibilities of the officials known as 'regidores' within the system of the 'Cabildos'?
What were the primary responsibilities of the officials known as 'regidores' within the system of the 'Cabildos'?
What was the significance of the 'Asiento' within the framework of the Spanish colonial economy, particularly concerning economic control?
What was the significance of the 'Asiento' within the framework of the Spanish colonial economy, particularly concerning economic control?
Flashcards
Colonization
Colonization
Establishing control over a dependent territory or people.
Mercantilism
Mercantilism
Economic system where a nation's wealth increases through exports and trade.
Asiento
Asiento
A contract granted by the Spanish Crown to sell enslaved Africans to the Americas.
Privateers
Privateers
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Flota
Flota
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Galleons
Galleons
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Empire
Empire
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Monopoly
Monopoly
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Saint-Domingue
Saint-Domingue
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French Takeover Strategies
French Takeover Strategies
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French Colonies
French Colonies
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European Invaders of Guiana
European Invaders of Guiana
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Dutch Tactics vs. Spain
Dutch Tactics vs. Spain
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Dutch Colonies
Dutch Colonies
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Dutch 'Foster Fathers'
Dutch 'Foster Fathers'
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Buccaneers
Buccaneers
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Treaties of Madrid & Ryswick
Treaties of Madrid & Ryswick
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Encomienda System
Encomienda System
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Cuba's Colonial Transformation
Cuba's Colonial Transformation
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King of Spain's Colonial Role
King of Spain's Colonial Role
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Council of the Indies Role
Council of the Indies Role
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Divisions of the Spanish Empire
Divisions of the Spanish Empire
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Residencia
Residencia
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Visita
Visita
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Spanish Viceroyalties
Spanish Viceroyalties
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Role of the Cabildos
Role of the Cabildos
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Colonial Economic Expectations
Colonial Economic Expectations
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Casa de Contratacion
Casa de Contratacion
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The Convoy System
The Convoy System
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Catholic Church's Colonial Role
Catholic Church's Colonial Role
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Antonio de Montesinos
Antonio de Montesinos
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Laws of Burgos
Laws of Burgos
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Bartolome de Las Casas
Bartolome de Las Casas
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Spanish gains from Empire
Spanish gains from Empire
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Rivals of Spain
Rivals of Spain
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"No peace beyond the line"
"No peace beyond the line"
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Forms of attack
Forms of attack
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Guiana's challenges
Guiana's challenges
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Early English colonies
Early English colonies
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Jamaica's capture
Jamaica's capture
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Three English colonies
Three English colonies
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Methods of takeover
Methods of takeover
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Easy takeover factors
Easy takeover factors
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Dutch role
Dutch role
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Study Notes
Define and correctly use the
concepts colonisation,
mercantilism, asiento,
privateers, Flota, Galleones,
privateers, privateering,
empire, monopoly, colonist,
settlement, Laws of Burgos,
New Laws
Explain how Spain came to
establish her Spanish
American empire from the 15th
century onwards and name
the personalities involved.
View a map of the area
formerly referred to as the
Spanish American empire,
paying special attention to the
four Viceroyalties
Describe methods that
Spain implemented to
protect the Spanish
American Empire and
determine whether or not
these strategies were
effective or not
WHAT WILL I BE LEARNING
Explain strategies used by
the French, English and
Dutch to rival or break
Spain’s control of her
Spanish American Empire
Instructions: Find the
meanings of the following
words:
Colonisation
Mercantilism
Asiento
Privateers
Flota
Galleones
Piracy
Privateers
Privateering,
Empire
Monopoly
Colonist
Settlement
Laws of Burgos
New Laws
FOUNDED BY YOUR SCHOOL MATES
Empire - An extensive group
of states or countries ruled over
by a single monarch, an
oligarchy or a sovereign state.
Monopoly - the exclusive
possession or control of the
supply of or trade in a
commodity or service
Colonist- a settler in or
inhabitant of a colony.
Settlement- a colony or any
small community where you
can reside.
FOUNDED BY TEACHER
Mercantilism was an
economic system of trade that
spanned from the 16th
century to the 18th century.
Mercantilism was based on
the idea that a nation's wealth
and power were best served
by increasing exports and so
involved increasing trade.
FOUNDED BY YOUR SCHOOL MATES
Galleons - a sailing ship in use
(especially by Spain) from the
15th century to the 18th,
originally as a warship later for
trade
.
Privateers - an armed ship
owned and crewed by private
individuals holding a
government commission and
authorised for use in war,
especially in the capture of
merchant ship
Privateering - this is a noun
form of privateer
FOUNDED BY YOUR SCHOOL MATES
The Laws of Burgos issued on
Dec. 27, 1512, by Ferdinand II,
the Catholic, regulated
relations between Spaniards
and the conquered Indians,
particularly to ensure the
spiritual and material welfare
of the latter, who were often
severely treated.
The New Laws of the Indies
(1542) of Charles I, which
sought to correct the
inadequacies of the previous
code, met with armed
resistance from the American
colonists and were reissued in
a weaker version in 1552.
ENGAGE
How did the Spaniards
establish the Spanish
American Empire?
Do you know the names of the
people involved in
establishing the Spanish
American Empire, apart from
Columbus?
Name three colonies that
belonged to the Spanish
American Empire
How does a country
establish an empire?
Add a Slide Title - 3
HOW THE SPANISH EMPIRE CAME INTO
EXISTENCE/ WAS ESTABLISHED
SETTING UP A GOVERNMENT
STRUCTURE
HOW THE SPANISH EMPIRE CAME INTO
EXISTENCE/ WAS ESTABLISHED
ORGANISING THE ECONOMY
ESTABLISHING THE CHURCH
CONQUEST
Hispaniola- Conquered initially
by 1495 under the Columbus
brothers. But between 1502 to
1508 Nicolas de Ovando
implemented the Encomienda
System. Got permission from the
Spanish crown. Used for sugar,
tobacco and gold production
Puerto Rico- Ponce de Leon in
1508
Cuba- Diego Velasquez
exterminated the Taino. Used
for sugar, beef and agricultural
production.
Jamaica- conquered by Juan de
Esquivel. Was used for cattle
ranching and farming. Was seen
as one of the least significant of
the colonies in the Greater
Antilles
CONQUEST
Trinidad: was difficult to
conquer because of the fierce
resistance put up by the Taino
and Kalinago. Eventually it was
colonised by Josef de Oruna. It
served as a base for the
exploration of South America
Peru- Was occupied by the Incas
by was conquered by Francisco
Pizarro
Mexico – Was occupied by the
Aztecs. By 1522 Hernan Cortes
was made governor after he
captured Mexico
PUT IT IN THE
CHAT OR
PADLET IT!
SPANISH COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
The King of Spain administered the Spanish American empire
through a Councilar system. The three main councils were:
The Council of Castile
The Council of Finance
The Council of the Indies –directly involved in colonial
government.
SPANISH COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
(COUNCIL OF THE INDIES)
Set up by Ferdinand in 1511
Reorganised by Charles V in
1524
Role of the Council
Appointed colonial officials
Approved colonial laws
SPANISH COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
Various councils and
individuals imposed royal
authority throughout the
empire. Colonial officials
were administered by the
Council of the Indies which
appointed officials such as
viceroys, governors and
captains-generals.
For administrative purposes
the empire was divided into
four viceroyalities,
audiencias and provinces.
SPANISH COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
How did Spain use the
government to check on the
colonial officials
Residencia- checked on the
governor by three judges from
Spain at the end of the
governor’s term in office.
Visita- carried out by an official
from Spain during the governor’s
term
The Empire was also divided into
ten audencias. It was also
another body that checked on
the administration of the
governor in its function as a
court of appeal.
It reported directly to the
Council of the Indies.
It carried out the Viceroy’s
orders
SPANISH COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
( MANAGING THE EMPIRE)
To better manage the Spanish
American empire that included
the island and mainland
territories it was felt that it
should be divided into
viceroyalties.
Eventually there were 4
Viceroyalty of New Spain
Viceroyalty of Granada
Viceroyalty of Peru
Viceroyalty of La Plata
Let’s look at the map again to
see where they were located
SPANISH COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
The ordinary citizens were
governed locally by municipal
governments called cabildos
Role of the Cabildos
Governed the towns and country
side
The officials of the Cabildo were
called regidores and were nominated
by the captains-general. Their
military duties were emphasised in
the keeping of law and order. The
cabildo was considered the mainstay
of the Spanish colonial government.
PADLET IT
OR CHAT IT!!
PADLET IT OR
CHAT IT!!!
ECONOMIC CONTROL
The colonies were expected to
export gold, silver and tropical crops
to Spain and import goods from
Spain.
Cassava- produced by Amerindians
Maize- produced by Amerindians
Cattle ranching- newly introduced
Sugar production- newly introduced
Tobacco – now exploited
Banana – newly introduced
Citrus fruits – newly introduced
Gold
Silver
Precious stones
Hides
CASA DE CONTRATACION
( HOUSE OF TRADE) controlled all
economic activities
ECONOMIC CONTROL
Spain adopted an economic
theory called mercantilism. This
theory preached that it was
essential to protect one’s own
trade and empire by ensuring
that others did not trade in that
empire and that its exotic
commodities were carried only
in the ships of one’s own
merchant navy
How did Spain ensure this?
Guarda Coasta
How did Spain ensure this?
Setting up forts and fortifications
at important ports and towns
Asiento ( license granted by the
House of Trade)
CARIBBEAN Story Book 1
Page 39, 41-43
PADLET IT OR CHAT IT
ECONOMIC CONTROL
Pedro Menendez de Aviles was
in charge of shipping between
1567 and 1574 and he
successfully worked out the
means of protecting the valuable
goods that were being traded
between Spain and her colonies.
He established
The convoy system – the flota
left Seville in May for Mexico.
The galleons left Seville in
August for Panama. The two
fleets reassembled at Havana
to make their return trip to
Spain in one convoy a year
after they set out.
ECONOMIC CONTROL
(b) Fortification of the ports of
Cartagena, Santo Domingo,
San Juan and Havana
(c) Squadron of fast ships called
armadillas which patrolled the
shipping lanes of the Caribbean.
The Catholic Church in the Spanish American
colonies
It ran the schools
It staffed the orphanages, hospitals
and poor houses
Special church courts dealt with
marriages and inheritance of
property
Dealt with heretics.
Holy Office of Inquisition
ensured that books that went
against Catholic teachings did
not enter the colonies
Who protected the Amerindians?
Antonio de Montesinos-
Dominican Friar
Spoke out against the cruelty
against the indigenous
population
The Encomenderos were upset
and tried to silence him and
sent news back to Spain that he
was threatening the peace
between the Amerindians and
the Spaniards in Santo Domingo
Montesinos himselself went
back to Spain where he spoke to
the Church Council.
They listened and passed the
Laws of Burgos which was signed
by King Ferdinand in 1512. These
laws were intended to help the
Encomienda System work and
lessen the hours of work.
However, these laws were
ignored in the colonies
Who protected the Amerindians?
Bartolome de las Casas
EXPLORE
What did Montesinos do to help
the Amerindians?
Why do you think he failed?
What did Las Casas do to help
the Amerindians?
Why did he fail?
Was there any reasonable
chance for the ideas of Las Casas
and Montesinos to succeed?
WHAT THE SPANIARDS GAINED FROM
HAVING AN EMPIRE
New continent- had agricultural
potential and mineral wealth
Motivated other Spanish
explorers, colonisers and
exploiters
Wealth earned was used to
finance wars against countries
like Holland and England.
WHAT THE SPANIARDS GAINED FROM
HAVING AN EMPIRE
More political power
Wealth from the colonies
improved her cities,
universities, churches and
armies
HOW OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES FELT
Saw the Spanish empire as:
Valuable producer of raw
materials
A market for their manufactured
goods
A naval training ground
A dumping ground for the
unemployed and destitute
A source of mineral wealth
Had no respect for the Treaty of
Tordesillas
Non Spanish countries that were jealous of
Spain
England
France
Holland/ Dutch/ The
Netherlands
ALL OUT WAR
Francis 1 of France
Other European monarchs
“I should like to see the clause in
Adam’s will that denies me a
share of the world”
What do you think of these
statement?
NO PEACE BEYOND THE LINE
Theme: Amerindians and Europeans
Subtopic: European Rivalry
Attack on the Spanish Empire
Piracy
Privateering
Buccaneering
Smuggling/Illegal trading
Warfare
Illegal occupation/Illegal
settlement
THE ENGLISH: brucking up di Spanish dolly house
( The role of the English in breaking Spain’s
monopoly on her empire)
Guiana- this colony was remote and
inhospitable.
Charles Leigh – 1604
Robert Harcourt-1609
Roger North- 1620
Attempt was unsuccessful but
stimulated interest in the Lesser
Antilles that was mostly neglected by
the Spaniards
St. Christopher-now called St. Kitts
Thomas Warner- in 1622 claimed for
England.
Note that at one point the French,
English and Spaniards all fought over
the country because of the fertile soil.
Eventually the French lost interest and
the English booted out the Spaniards.
St. Christopher was used as a base to
launch attack on other countries in
the Lesser Antilles.
Nevis- captured and settled in 1628
Antigua and Montserrat- captured in
1632
THE ENGLISH: brucking up di Spanish dolly house
( The role of the English in breaking Spain’s
monopoly on her empire)
Barbados- 1624 Powell brothers took
possession as it was uninhabited. Soon
other English settlers followed, from
1627 onwards
It was used for tobacco, cotton and
food crops production
The English were assisted by the Dutch
in setting up the first sugar mill in the
1640s
Jamaica: The success at capturing this
country in 1655 was not the original
goal.
The English under a plan by Oliver
Cromwell called “ Western Design”
was to take over Hispaniola from the
Spaniards, under the leadership of
Penn and Venables. These men were
not successful at taking Hispaniola so
to “save face” they decided to take
over Jamaica. There was an attempt to
retake Jamaica in 1658 by the Spanish
commander Christobal de Ysasi but he
was unsuccessful
THE ENGLISH: brucking up di Spanish dolly house
( The role of the English in breaking Spain’s
monopoly on her empire)
Port Royal became the base for
buccaneers and Spanish Town
remained the capital. It later
became a major English sugar
island.
The Honduras: ( Later called
Belize) During the 1600s the
buccaneers turned from robbing
ships to logwood cutting at the
Yucatan and Mosquito Coast. By
the 18th century Honduras
became a major supplier of
logwood and a permanent
English settlement.
Name three English colonies
Barbados, St, Christopher, Jamaica, Guiana
By which methods did the English take over most of the territories that they got from the Spaniards? ( Be specific to the country)
warfare: St. Christopher, Jamaica
Illegal settlement/illegal occupation
Why was the take over of Guiana not one of success for the English?
It was remote and inhospitable- a place that is harsh and difficult to live in and also unwelcoming.
Where did the English “cast their eyes” when they found it difficult to settle/ occupy Guiana?
The Lesser Antilles- the islands were smaller, they were unprotected which meant they could be more easily captured
What factors made it easy to take over some territories?
the islands were smaller, they were unprotected which meant they could be more easily captured
What role did the Dutch play in helping the British to establish their settlement?
The Dutch helped the English to set up their first sugar mill
Here comes the French:
The French had at one point
occupied both ends of St. Kitts
for France under the leadership
of D’Esnambuc . They later
expanded into:
Guadeloupe
St. _ _ _ _ _
M R I Q E
St. C_ 0 _ X
St. Bartholomew
G E N D A
Here comes the French:
Tortuga, located off the north
west coast of Hispaniola, was
taken over by buccaneers in
Encouraged by Governor D’
Ogeron settlers from Tortuga
and France moved into
Hispaniola.
The Spaniards could not remove
these trespassers and so St.
Domingue developed into the
“Pearl of the Antilles”
French Guiana – 1674 at
Cayenne
Here comes the French:
Which of the strategies do you
see coming out when the French
attempted to take over the
colonies that belonged to the
Spaniards?
Warfare, illegal settlement/illegal
occupation
Name THREE French colonies
Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Grenada, Bartholomew, St. Lucia,
Haiti
Pronouce St. Dominique
Challenge: How many European
groups actually invaded
Guiana?
2- English and French
( Suriname) Dutch Colony
Who were the next invaders into the
Spanish Empire?
DUTCH INVADORS
Dutch – Protestants?
Sent pirates and Dutch colonist to
harass the Spaniards by:
Raiding Spanish colonies
Attack Spanish convoys
Dug salt at Punta Araya
Stole pearls at Margarita
Illegally traded throughout the
empire
Set up the Dutch West India
Company for the sole purpose of
conducting commerce within the
Spanish Empire
Piet Hein, a Dutch pirate
captured a whole Spanish fleet
off Havana
DUTCH INVADORS
The Dutch established settlements
in Guiana and along the coast of
Brazil…….hold on to this though.
Colonies
St. Martin
Bonaire
St. Eustatius
Saba
Curacao
Aruba
Name given to the Dutch “Foster
Fathers” – what does the concept
mean?
Assisted the English and French
colonisation by:
Transporting tobacco
Assisted with the capital,
technology and expertise
Acquisition of enslaved African
“WORTHLESS THIEVES”
Pirates
Privateers
Buccaneers Common
names
Corsairs
Filibusters
Zeerovers (“sea robbers”)
Dutch
Freebooters
Sea dogs OTHER
NAMES
John Hawkins ( English)
Francis Drake ( English)
Henry Morgan ( English)
Walter Raleigh ( English)
Thomas Warner ( English)
Jean Anjo ( French)
Francois LeClerc ( French)
Jacques Sore ( French)
Piet Hein/ Pieter Heyn (
Dutch)
Privateer
A person or ship privately
owned and crewed but
authorized by a government
during wartime to attack and
capture enemy vessels.
Buccaneer:
English, French, or Dutch sea
adventurer who haunted
chiefly the Caribbean and the
Pacific seaboard of South
America, preying on Spanish
settlements and shipping
during the second half of the
17th century.
Pirate:
Someone who attacks and
steals from a ship at sea.
PEACE BETWEEN SPAIN AND THE
‘WORTHLESS THIEVES”
1670- Treaty of Madrid- Spain
officially acknowledge the
presence of the English in the
Caribbean
1697- Treaty of Ryswyck- Spain
recognise all French possessions
in the Caribbean
EFFECTS OF EUROPEAN RIVALRY
Illicit trade, armed assault and
colonisation crippled Spain’s
monopoly of the Americas
The fight for colonies
fragmented the Caribbean into
“subjects” of European countries
Diminished indigenous
population
Introduced African slavery
The Dutch were expelled to an
extent but it paved the way for
Anglo- French conflict of the 18th
century
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Description
Explore the economics, trade, and governance of Spain's American colonies. Discover the flota system, privateers, and the impact of Spanish laws. Learn about the challenges posed by other European powers.