Southern Reconstruction Laws Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What was the purpose of the Black Codes in the South after the Civil War?

To integrate schools for African Americans and Caucasians

To grant African Americans full citizenship rights

To encourage African Americans to move to the North

To restrict the freedom of African Americans through laws (correct)

Which requirement was part of the Mississippi Plan to prevent African Americans from voting?

Paying all taxes by March 1st

Owning property in the state

Having a family member who could vote before January 6, 1867 (correct)

Proving literacy and understanding clauses

What was the outcome of the Plessy v. Ferguson case?

Separate but equal treatment (correct)

Abolition of segregation laws

Integration of public facilities

Strict enforcement of civil rights for all races

Who led the Populist Party that consisted of angry farmers in the West and South?

Williams Jennings Bryan Signup and view all the answers

Which industry did John D. Rockefeller dominate with his company Standard Oil?

Oil Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Andrew Carnegie promote in his book 'Gospel of Wealth'?

The responsibility of the wealthy to be philanthropists Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of 'The Jungle' by Upton Sinclair?

Exposed the problems in America's society Signup and view all the answers

What was the main focus of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) led by Samuel Gompers?

Improving conditions for craft workers Signup and view all the answers

Which event triggered the Homestead Steel Strike?

Wage cuts and anti-union actions Signup and view all the answers

What did the Progressive Era aim to address?

Solving economic and social issues from rapid industrialization Signup and view all the answers

Which rule was established by the Hague Convention regarding warfare?

No use of projectiles or explosives from balloons Signup and view all the answers

'The Future of War' was written by which author?

Jan (Iuan) Bloch Signup and view all the answers

'Pullman Strike' was a reaction to what action by the company?

Refusing wage increases Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main issues the 'Noble and Holy Order of Knights of Labor' wanted to address?

Advocating for an 8-hour workday Signup and view all the answers

What did Theodore Roosevelt focus on in his conservation acts?

Preserving natural resources and wildlife Signup and view all the answers

Who formed the first billion-dollar company in the world?

J.P. Morgan Signup and view all the answers

What was the main focus of the Arabic pledge by Germany?

Restricting submarine warfare Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Revenue Act mentioned in the text?

Increased tax rates for high-income earners Signup and view all the answers

What did the Espionage Act make a crime according to the text?

Interfering with the US armed forces Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive mentioned in the text?

It resulted in significant American casualties Signup and view all the answers

What did Wilson's 14 Points emphasize?

National disarmament Signup and view all the answers

What was the goal of the Red Scare as described in the text?

Protecting the American way of life from communism Signup and view all the answers

Who orchestrated a series of raids on alleged radical centers throughout the country?

A. Mitchell Palmer Signup and view all the answers

Who was responsible for orchestrating a series of raids on alleged radical centers throughout the country?

A. Mitchell Palmer and J. Edgar Hoover Signup and view all the answers

What event marked the beginning of the Great Depression?

The stock market crash of 1929 Signup and view all the answers

Why did people blame the banks during the Great Depression?

For losing billions of dollars Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the First Neutrality Act?

Prohibiting export of arms and ammunition Signup and view all the answers

Why did the United States adopt a policy of isolationism during WWII?

To avoid financial burdens Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the lend-lease act?

To provide supplies to Great Britain Signup and view all the answers

Who made the first non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean?

Charles Lindbergh Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Reconstruction and the Rise of Industrialization

Bourbons: Democrats in the South who wanted to return to pre-Civil War conditions, limiting the freedom of African Americans through restrictive laws like Black Codes.
Black Codes: Laws that prohibited African Americans from certain occupations, required them to sign yearly labor contracts, and restricted their voting rights.
Mississippi Plan: Required citizens to live in the state for at least two years, prohibited certain crimes, and required all taxes to be paid by February 1st to vote.
Literacy Test: Required voters to understand the document they were signing in order to vote.
Grandfather Clause: Allowed voters to vote if their father or grandfather could vote by January 6, 1867.
Plessy v. Ferguson: Supreme Court case that ruled "separate but equal" was constitutional, allowing segregation to continue.

The Gilded Age

Patrons of Husbandry: Also known as the Grange, an organization of farmers that advocated for lower rates charged by railroads.
Farmers' Alliance: A group of three independent organizations that advocated for farmers' rights.
Populist Party: A party formed by farmers in the West and South that advocated for their rights, led by William Jennings Bryan.
Inventions of the Gilded Age:
- Refrigerated railroad car
- Cattle/ranching
- Meat packing plants
- Mechanized glass making
- Cigarette rolling machine
- Rapid press machine
- Telephone
- Light bulb

Big Business and Industrialization

John D. Rockefeller: Founder of Standard Oil Company, which controlled 90-95% of the nation's refineries and pipelines.
Andrew Carnegie: Founder of a steel company that owned every step of the steel process, philanthropist who believed in the "Gospel of Wealth".
J.P. Morgan: American financier and banker who bought out Carnegie's steel company for $480 million, creating the first billion-dollar company in the world.

Great Railroad Strike: The first true interstate strike, involving 100,000 railroad workers from multiple states.
Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor: A secret society of tailors that advocated for 8-hour work days, an end to child and convict labor, and better working conditions.
Haymarket Affair: A peaceful rally that turned violent, leading to the deaths of 7 police officers and 4 civilians, and the execution of 8 anarchists.
American Federation of Labor: A loose grouping of small craft unions that advocated for better working conditions, led by Samuel Gompers.
Homestead Steel Strike: A strike triggered by wage cuts and anti-union citations, resulting in the deaths of 7 Pinkerton agents and many injured workers.
Pullman Strike: A strike triggered by wage cuts, resulting in the national guard breaking up the strike.

Progressive Era

Muckrakers: A group of writers who exposed the problems in American society, such as Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle".
Jacob Riis: A photographer who exposed the harsh conditions of tenement life.
Government reforms:
- Directly electing senators (17th Amendment)
- Regulating big corporations
- Conservation movement
- Efficiency movement
- Social justice reforms (prohibiting child labor, fair labor standards, etc.)

World War I

Causes of World War I:
- Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
- Imperialism and nationalism
- Militarism and alliances
Central Powers: Austria-Hungary, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire
Triple Entente: Britain, France, and Russia
Lusitania: A British passenger ship sunk by a German U-boat, killing 128 Americans.
National Security League: A group that advocated for compulsory military training and an increase in the size of the US army.
Election of 1916: Woodrow Wilson won with the slogan "He kept us out of war".

World War I and the Interwar Period

German Gamble: Germany's decision to resume unrestricted warfare, ignoring American reaction and probable entry into the war.
Zimmerman Telegram: A telegram sent to the Mexican government, promising to return ceded territory if Mexico declared war on the US.
American entry into World War I:
- Lever Food and Fuel Act: Gave the President power to manage food and fuel production.
- War Industries Board: Oversaw prices, conversion, and standardizing products.
- Espionage Act: Made it a crime to convey information intended to interfere with the US armed forces.
- Sedition Act: Made it a crime to make false statements that interfered with the prosecution of the war.
Wilson's 14 Points:
- Freedom of navigation of the seas
- National armaments will be reduced
- League of Nations
Treaty of Versailles: Demanded total victory over Germany and led to the rise of the Nazi party.

The Roaring Twenties and the Great Depression

Red Summer: A period of white vs. black violence, with 25 anti-black riots.
Red Scare: A fear that communists were working to destroy the American way of life.
A. Mitchell Palmer and J. Edgar Hoover: Orchestrated a series of raids on alleged radical centers and founded the General Intelligence Division (now the FBI).
Election of 1920: Warren G. Harding (R) vs. James Cox (D), the first election in which women could vote.
Teapot Dome Scandal: Corruption by a Harding cabinet member, Albert Fall, who took bribes to allow oil drilling on public lands.

The Great Depression and World War II

Stock Market Crash of 1929: The most devastating stock market crash in history, leading to the Great Depression.
Herbert Hoover's response to the Great Depression:
- Refused direct federal intervention
- Advocated for voluntary effort to care for and help the reconstruction
- Gov't loans $500 million to ensure large banks, railroads, and savings and loans associations
Bonus Army: A group of WWI vets who marched to D.C. in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of their government war bonuses in cash.
Isolationism during WWII:
- Horrors of WWI
- Feeling of security by the ocean
- Merchants of death
First Neutrality Act: Prohibited the export of arms, ammunition, and implements of war, and prohibited Americans from extending loans to belligerent nations.
Lend-Lease Act: Provided Great Britain with supplies needed to fight Germany, leading to the US's entry into the war.

World War II

American First Committee: Opposed American intervention in WWII, advocating for a non-interventionist policy.
Charles Lindbergh: American pilot who made the first non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean, and opposed American intervention in WWII.
Atlantic Charter: A joint statement of war aims by the US and Great Britain, discussing their respective war aims and leading to the formation of the United Nations.
Boxer Rebellion: A 1900 uprising in China aimed at ending foreign influence in the country.
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere: A system founded by Japan consisting of other Asian countries during the early 20th century, reducing its members to puppet nations.

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Test your knowledge on the post-Civil War laws implemented in the Southern states, such as the Black Codes, Mississippi Plan, and Grandfather Clause, that aimed to restrict the rights and freedoms of African Americans.