Southeast Asia and India Relations Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'suvarnabhumi' mean, as used by India to describe Southeast Asia?

  • Land of silk
  • Land of gold (correct)
  • Land of treasures
  • Land of spices

Which field of exchange or relationship is NOT mentioned in the content as connecting the Southeast Asian civilizations with the Chinese and Indian civilizations?

  • Architecture
  • Religion
  • Literature
  • Technology (correct)

According to the content, during which Chinese dynasty did the trade of goods like ivory and pearls take place?

  • Han Dynasty
  • Qin Dynasty
  • Shang Dynasty
  • Zhou Dynasty (correct)

Which event contributed to the decline of India's influence in Southeast Asia?

<p>The decline of Buddhism in India (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary belief of the Chinese during the Shang period regarding their place in the world?

<p>They were the 'middle kingdom' or the center of the world (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a direct consequence of the increased interaction between China and Southeast Asia at the end of the Han dynasty?

<p>An increase in trade through insular routes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the term 'nganga', according to the text?

<p>It is a gift offered to a guest as a sign of respect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is highlighted about Malay merchant ships in the content?

<p>They were limited in the types of products they carried (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary factor transformed Malacca into a significant trade hub during the 15th century?

<p>Its strategic location facilitating trade between diverse regions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these goods were NOT primarily brought to Malacca from the Southeast Asian region?

<p>Wool from the Mediterranean. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides spices, what other significant commodity was brought to Malacca from the island of Sumatra?

<p>Gold (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main reasons that the influence of Islam spread in the Malay Peninsula and nearby islands during the 15th century?

<p>The commercial dominance of Malacca where Muslims were established. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Sanskrit meaning of the name 'Sailendras'?

<p>Kings of the Mountains. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event led to the weakening of the port of Kediri around the mid-13th century?

<p>An attack by the Mongols that destroyed its government. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How were the early relations between the Philippines and other ancient civilizations in Southeast Asia primarily established?

<p>Through trade activities and routes that brought them into contact. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'Pagnganganga' from early Austronesian tradition primarily revolve around?

<p>Socializing and forming community relationship. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the geographic location of the Srivijaya Kingdom at its peak?

<p>Spread across the coasts of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, West Kalimantan, and West Java. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historical event is most directly associated with the eventual decline of the Madjapahit Empire?

<p>The widespread growth of piracy and the arrival of Islam. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the Kediri people play in the formation of the Madjapahit Empire?

<p>They were the founders of the Madjapahit Empire, expanding from Java. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason that the Chinese referred to Srivijaya as "Jinzhou"?

<p>The abundance of gold found in the kingdom. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the Madjapahit royal family after their capital was seized by the Muslim Javanese?

<p>They relocated to Bali. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following areas was NOT affected by the spread of piracy during the decline of the Madjapahit Empire?

<p>Borneo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Madjapahit Empire primarily expand its territory?

<p>Through military conquest, especially of areas previously under Srivijaya control. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the meaning of the name "Srivijaya", according to its Sanskrit origins?

<p>&quot;Great Victory&quot; or &quot;Great Conquest&quot; (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Srivijaya

A powerful empire in Insular Southeast Asia, founded during the 7th century, known for its dominance over the maritime trade routes in the region.

Madjapahit Empire

A Southeast Asian empire established in the 13th century, ruling over the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, West Kalimantan, and West Java. It was known for its military prowess and expansionist policies.

Gaja Moda

The Madjapahit Empire reached its peak of power and influence under the leadership of Gaja Moda.

Piracy in Southeast Asia

Piracy, a significant threat to maritime trade, posed a serious challenge to the Madjapahit Empire in the late 15th century.

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Islam in Southeast Asia

The arrival of Islam in Southeast Asia, particularly in Java, challenged the Madjapahit's power, ultimately contributing to its downfall.

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Muslim Javanese

A group of East Javanese people who embraced Islam and eventually overthrew the Madjapahit, causing the royal family to flee to Bali.

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Fall of Madjapahit

The year 1528 marked the end of the Madjapahit Empire as the Muslim Javanese captured its capital. The royal family moved to Bali, signifying the shift in power in the region.

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Malacca's Rise as a Trading Center

Malacca became a central trading hub in the 15th century due to its strategic location and access to a diverse array of goods from Southeast Asia, India, China, Arabia, and Europe.

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What Goods Were Traded in Malacca?

Spices like nutmeg, pepper, cloves, along with camphor, gold, and sandalwood from various Southeast Asian islands were traded in Malacca.

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India's Contribution to Malacca's Trade

Merchant ships from India brought various types of cloth like Bengal and Cambay cloth to Malacca.

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Trade Links Beyond Southeast Asia

Arabia supplied opium, while the Mediterranean region provided wool, hats, glass beads, and metal tools to Malacca's markets.

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China's Role in Malacca's Trade

China played a significant role in Malacca's trade by supplying silk, satin, damask, brocade, porcelain, pearls, and silver.

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The Strategic Importance of the Strait of Malacca

Control over the Strait of Malacca granted monopoly over trade between Southeast Asia, India, China, Arabia, and Europe, making the strait a crucial trading route.

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Islam's Spread Through Malacca

The spread of Islam was facilitated by the strong Muslim presence in Malacca, reaching the Malay Peninsula, Indonesian islands, and even parts of Southern India.

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Who Were the Sailendras?

The Sailendras were a powerful dynasty that ruled central Java, known for their influence, particularly during the 8th and 9th centuries.

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What is "nganga"?

A polite custom in Southeast Asia where the host offers a guest a special drink or snack as a sign of respect.

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How were ancient civilizations in Southeast Asia connected to India and China?

The earliest civilizations in Asia, Indus文明 (Indus Civilization) in India and Shang civilization in China, played a significant role in shaping the development of Southeast Asian civilizations.

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How did India influence Southeast Asian civilizations?

Trade between India and Southeast Asia focused on the exchange of goods and the spread of Hinduism, particularly in countries like Burma, Thailand, Indochina Peninsula, Malaysia, and Indonesia.

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What was the nature of the relationship between Southeast Asia and India?

The Malay people, who lived in Southeast Asia, sailed westward towards the Bay of Bengal, demonstrating a two-way cultural exchange between the region and India.

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What led to the decline of India's influence in Southeast Asia?

The decline of Buddhism in India and the rise of Muslim influence weakened India's influence in Southeast Asia.

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How did China influence Southeast Asian civilizations?

Trade played a significant role in shaping China's relationship with Southeast Asian civilizations.

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What was China's view of its position in the world during the Shang dynasty?

During the Shang dynasty, China saw itself as the center of the world, holding a dominant position in trade with other regions.

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What kind of products did China trade during the Zhou dynasty?

The Zhou dynasty saw China engaging in trade with Southeast Asia, exchanging goods like ivory, pearls, bird feathers, and other valuable products.

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Study Notes

Ancient Civilizations in Insular Southeast Asia

  • Islands were connected by vast seas, not roads
  • Boats were gateways to distant lands, cultures, and treasures
  • Srivijaya and Majapahit empires formed in present-day Indonesia
  • Malacca empire formed in present-day Malaysia
  • Srivijaya (7th century):
    • Name derived from Sanskrit, meaning "Great Victory" or "Great Conquest"
    • Also called Jinzhou by Chinese, meaning "Golden District" or "Golden Beach" due to its riches in gold
    • Controlled the coast of Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, West Kalimantan, and West Java
  • Majapahit (13th century):
    • Founded by the Kediri people of Java
    • Expanded territories in 1293, conquering previous Srivijaya and other small kingdoms.
    • Conquered territories paid tribute to the empire
    • Fame spread to the Malay Peninsula
    • Golden age under Gaja Moda
    • Faced challenges from piracy in later 15th century from Singapore, Malacca, Aceh, Madura, and Penang
    • Islam's arrival challenged and contributed to the fall of the kingdom in the 15th century
    • Javanese who accepted Islam overthrew the empire in 1528
    • Royal family fled to Bali
  • Malacca (15th century):
    • Became a significant trade center due to trade products from Southeast Asia and other regions
    • Spices such as nutmeg, pepper, cloves, camphor, gold, and sandalwood were brought to the port of Malacca
    • Cloth from Bengal and Cambay (India) also traded
    • Other products from Arabia, Mediterranean, and China, such as opium, wool, hats, glass beads, metal tools, silk, satin, damask, brocade, porcelain, pearls, and silver reached Malacca
    • The trading activities in Malacca proved it was a crucial trading center, thus whoever controlled it had a monopoly on trade between Southeast Asia, India, China, Arabia, and Europe
  • Spread of Islam in Malacca:
    • Muslims established a strong base in Malacca
    • Led to the successful spread of Islam throughout the Malay Peninsula and islands in Indonesia, and even the southern parts of the Philippines
  • Sailendras (power in Central Java):
    • Name derived from Sanskrit meaning "King of the Mountains"
    • Moluccas were the origin of cloves and pepper
    • Kediri people were situated near the Banda Islands, which are a source of nutmeg
  • Decline of Kediri:
    • Weakened by the Mongol attack around the middle of the 13th century, and the Javanese government destroyed
  • Philippines relationship with ancient civilizations:
    • Early ties with ancient civilizations, empires, or kingdoms in Southeast Asia
    • Established through trade
  • Pagnganganga tradition:
    • Old Austronesian tradition in socializing
    • Performed when guests are present
    • Owner of the house offering "nganga" to guests isn't insulting

Relationship of Civilizations

  • China and India:
    • Earliest civilizations (Indus and Shang civilizations) emerged
    • Relationship with Southeast Asian civilizations through architecture, infrastructure, religion, and literature
    • Indians and Chinese traded along the coasts of Burma (Myanmar), Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Philippines for a long time
    • India described Southeast Asia as "Suvarnabhumi," meaning "land of gold"
    • Spread of Hinduism was key to India's relationship with countries such as Burma, Thailand, Indochina Peninsula, Malaysia, and Indonesia
    • Relationship wasn't one-way traffic; Southeast Asians, especially Malays, also sailed westward toward the Bay of Bengal
    • Decline of Buddhism in India and the fall of the Hindu political power (due to Muslim arrival) caused India's influence to decline
    • China's relationship with Southeast Asia also formed through trade and commerce
    • During Shang period, Chinese believed China was center of the world
      • Trading various products in Zhou dynasty such as ivory, pearls, bird feathers and others

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