South African Prison Demographics and Crime Statistics Quiz
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South African Prison Demographics and Crime Statistics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

According to the power-control theory, which family structure predicts greater male-female differences in delinquency?

  • Patriarchal families (correct)
  • Extended families
  • Matrilineal families
  • Single-parent families

    • Which crime is most commonly committed by women, according to the American Crime Index of Offences?

  • Assault
  • Theft (correct)
  • Robbery
  • Burglary

    • What is the explanation provided by liberal feminist theory for the traditionally lower crime rate for women?

  • Women have fewer opportunities to commit crimes (correct)
  • Women are subject to more informal social control
  • Women are more risk-averse than men
  • Women are more passive in accepting gender roles

    • Which crimes are usually committed by men, according to the text?

    <p>Motor vehicle theft and robbery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of women's emancipation on female crime rates?

    <p>Female crime rates have remained the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are women suggested to be less likely to engage in antisocial activities?

    <p>Women are biologically less aggressive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do Anne Campbell and Steven Muncer reject biological explanations of sex differences in aggressiveness?

    <p>Men learn to regard aggression as a practical way to establish control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do male serial killers often use aggression to control their victims?

    <p>Sexual aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do men in the workplace often use aggression to intimidate female employees of a lower rank?

    <p>Sexual harassment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a generally accepted explanation for the difference in crime committed between genders?

    <p>Different methods of socialisation for boys and girls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of South African prisoners are over 50 years old?

    <p>Less than 2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the universal pattern for involvement in serious crimes, as stated in the text?

    <p>Involvement tends to peak in adolescence or early adulthood and then decline with age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of all violent crimes in the USA were committed by juveniles in 2014, according to the National Crime Victimization Survey?

    <p>19%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most probable age group of victims of juvenile offenders, according to the text?

    <p>12-19 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the social factors that contribute to the high crime rate among youth, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Poor social or intellectual skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor behind women's involvement in criminal activities?

    <p>Marginalized economic status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age-crime curve?

    <p>A statistical count of the number of known crimes committed in a population over a given period mapped according to age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between delinquent peers and gender differences in criminal behavior, according to the text?

    <p>Delinquent peers have a stronger influence on males</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do most transgressions peak, according to Sykes and Cullen (1992)?

    <p>Between 16 and 20 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between age and criminality, according to the text?

    <p>Age is inversely related to criminality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the possible explanation for increasing lawlessness during the teen years?

    <p>Weakened parental control and increased influence of the peer group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tends to straighten out many youngsters, according to the text?

    <p>Social relationships discouraging irresponsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk factor that may contribute to habitual offending patterns, according to the text?

    <p>Early onset of crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a change in attitude to crime that aging criminals tend to experience, according to the text?

    <p>Viewing crime as risky and not worth the trouble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which developmental theory stresses antisocial potential and cognition and how they are shaped into pro or antisocial directions at different times and in different situations?

    <p>Farrington’s Integrated Cognitive Antisocial Potential (ICAP) theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Farrington's distinction, when does short-term antisocial potential occur?

    <p>Primarily during adolescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Moffit's theory, what is the difference between adolescent-limited offenders (AL) and life-course persistent (LCP) offenders?

    <p>LCP offenders have neurological and temperamental difficulties, while AL offenders do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory?

    <p>The power of informal social control to prevent offending</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors could play a role in the high percentage of crime perpetrated by blacks worldwide?

    <p>Social conditions such as poverty and unemployment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible explanation for the phenomenon that fewer women commit crimes than men?

    <p>There is less opportunity for women to commit crime due to unequal opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Power-Control Theory

    • Family structure with patriarchal dynamics predicts greater male-female differences in delinquency.

    Female Crime Statistics

    • Women most commonly commit larceny, according to the American Crime Index of Offences.

    Liberal Feminist Theory

    • Explains lower crime rates for women by highlighting societal roles and expectations that discourage female criminality.

    Male Committed Crimes

    • Men are often involved in violent crimes such as murder and robbery.

    Women's Emancipation Impact

    • Increased women’s emancipation correlates with rising female crime rates due to greater freedom and opportunities.

    Antisocial Activities and Women

    • Women are less likely to engage in antisocial activities due to socialization, which emphasizes nurturing roles.

    Biological Explanations Rejection

    • Anne Campbell and Steven Muncer challenge biological explanations of aggressiveness, arguing that socialization and environmental factors are more influential.

    Aggression in Male Serial Killers

    • Male serial killers often use aggression to instill fear and exert control over their victims.

    Workplace Intimidation

    • Men may use aggression in the workplace to intimidate female colleagues in lower-ranking positions.

    Gender Crime Difference Explanation

    • Generally accepted explanation for crime differences between genders revolves around social and environmental factors rather than biological ones.

    South African Prison Statistics

    • A percentage of South African prisoners are over 50 years old, indicating a demographic trend towards older inmates.

    Serious Crimes Involvement

    • The universal pattern for involvement in serious crimes shows a consistent gender disparity and age-related trends.

    Violent Crime Statistics

    • In 2014, juveniles were responsible for a significant percentage of all violent crimes in the USA, reflecting youth's involvement in crime.

    Victims of Juvenile Offenders

    • The most probable age group of victims of juvenile offenders are typically those who are younger than the offenders.

    Youth Crime Contributing Factors

    • Social factors such as poverty, peer influence, and lack of supervision contribute to high crime rates among youth.

    Women's Criminal Involvement

    • Primary factors driving women's involvement in crime include economic necessity and social circumstances.

    Age-Crime Curve

    • The age-crime curve illustrates the relationship between age and criminal activity, showing that delinquency often peaks during adolescence.

    Delinquent Peers Influence

    • There is a significant relationship between delinquent peers and gender differences in criminal behavior, shaping individual criminal trajectories.

    Peak Transgressions Age

    • Most transgressions peak during late adolescence, as suggested by Sykes and Cullen (1992).

    Age and Criminality

    • Generally, criminality declines with age, indicating a potential maturation effect.

    Teen Lawlessness Explanation

    • Increasing lawlessness during the teen years may be explained by peer pressure and identity formation challenges.

    Straightening Out Youth

    • Many youngsters find stabilization through increased responsibility and maturity as they transition into adulthood.

    Habitual Offending Risk Factors

    • Risk factors contributing to habitual offending patterns include exposure to violence and lack of parental support.

    Aging Criminal Attitude Change

    • Aging criminals often experience a change in attitude towards crime, generally moving towards desistance.

    Developmental Theories of Antisocial Behavior

    • The developmental theory emphasizing antisocial potential and cognition highlights how these traits are shaped in different contexts.

    Short-term Antisocial Potential Timing

    • According to Farrington, short-term antisocial potential occurs during adolescence when experimental behavior is more common.

    Moffit's Offender Types

    • Moffit's theory distinguishes between adolescent-limited offenders (AL), who typically engage in crime during adolescence, and life-course persistent offenders (LCP), who exhibit consistent criminal behavior throughout life.

    Sampson and Laub's Theory Focus

    • Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory focuses on how life events and social ties influence criminal behavior over the life course.

    Crime and Race

    • Various factors, including socio-economic status and environmental circumstances, can contribute to the high percentage of crime perpetrated by Black individuals worldwide.

    Female Crime Rate Explanation

    • A possible explanation for the phenomenon of fewer women committing crimes than men includes a combination of socialization, fewer opportunities, and gender-specific societal roles.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on South African prison demographics and crime statistics with this informative quiz. Explore the age distribution of prisoners and the prevalence of serious crimes in society. Keywords: South Africa, prison, demographics, crime, statistics.

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