Gender and Crime Overview
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Which of the following is NOT a type of crime commonly associated with the construction of masculinity?

  • Joy riding
  • Football hooliganism
  • Embezzlement (correct)
  • Domestic violence

    • Gender is consistently found to be a factor that influences criminal behavior.

    True (A)

    What is the term used to describe the ideal or actual characteristics of 'being a man' in relation to crime, as defined by Collier?

    Hegemonic masculinity

    According to Messerschmidt, different men use different types of crime to construct their ______.

    <p>masculinities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their definitions:

    <p>Masculinity = Sets of attributes, roles, and behaviors associated with being a man Hegemonic masculinity = The dominant and idealized form of masculinity in a society Gendered norms = Socially constructed expectations and behaviors associated with different genders Criminogenic = Capable of producing or contributing to crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary reasons why masculinities and crime are interconnected?

    <p>Crime can serve as a way for men to perform and express their masculinity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Masculinity is a fixed and unchanging concept.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might the cultural context influence the understanding of what it means to be a man?

    <p>Different cultures have different expectations and understandings of masculinity, leading to variations in the ways men perform and express their gender identity. For example, what is considered masculine in one culture may be seen as feminine in another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of aggression is often associated with girls, according to the content?

    <p>Relational aggression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Girls are more likely to use physical violence regularly than boys.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two key contexts that play a significant role in understanding girls' and women's violence?

    <p>The situational context of the violent act and the broader gendered, classed, racialized, and social contexts of their lives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Daly (1992), a 'leading feminist scenario' involves women being ______ as children and later becoming violent.

    <p>abused or neglected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their associated concepts:

    <p>Instrumental violence = Violence used to achieve a specific goal Relational aggression = Social manipulation and harm, often through ostracism or rumors Victim precipitation = Justifying violence based on the perceived actions of the victim Saving face = Maintaining one's reputation and respect, often through assertive actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor that can contribute to girls' violence?

    <p>Lack of education (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Girls often consider verbal abuse to be more damaging than physical violence.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hegemonic masculinity?

    <p>It is a fixed and unchanging concept. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are three common justifications girls use to explain their violence?

    <p>Victim precipitation, sticking up for themselves, and retaliation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The study by Cobbina et al. (2016) found that the gender difference in violent conflict was often tied to the ______ of the conflict.

    <p>situational context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hegemonic masculinities are always a direct reflection of the real lives of most men.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following researchers with their areas of focus on girls' and women's violence:

    <p>Nikki Jones = Ethnographic studies of women and girls in marginalized communities Jody Miller = Studies on intimate partner violence and its impact on women's lives Cindy Ness = Research on gendered violence in schools and educational settings Susan Batchelor = Criminological analysis of girls' violence and its social context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of 'doing gender' as it relates to crime?

    <p>Doing gender refers to the idea that individuals actively perform and enact gender roles through their actions and behaviors. In the context of crime, this means that individuals may engage in criminal activities as a way to perform or affirm their masculinity or femininity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term '______' refers to a group of online communities characterized by misogynistic and anti-feminist beliefs.

    <p>Manosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central message regarding the understanding of violence perpetrated by girls and women?

    <p>It is a complex and multifaceted issue influenced by various factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concept of 'choice within constraint' suggests that all individuals have complete freedom of choice.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the 'Blackpill' ideology?

    <p>Emphasis on individual responsibility and self-improvement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'Manosphere' discourse is solely confined to obscure internet forums and does not have a significant impact on mainstream culture.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the importance of acknowledging the intersection of gender with other social variables in understanding violence.

    <p>Gender does not operate in isolation; understanding the interplay of race, class, age, sexual identity, and other factors is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of violence patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is technology-facilitated sexual violence (TFSV)?

    <p>Technology-facilitated sexual violence (TFSV) encompasses acts of sexual violence that are facilitated or enabled through the use of technology, such as online harassment, cyberbullying, sharing of non-consensual intimate images, and stalking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The content emphasizes the influence of ______ on violence perpetrated by girls, particularly in relation to power and status.

    <p>masculinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key point highlighted in the conclusion about violence perpetrated by girls and women?

    <p>Girls' violence is primarily motivated by an inherent desire for control and domination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their respective meanings:

    <p>Hegemonic Masculinity = The set of ideas, practices, and representations associated with 'being male' that is dominant in a society. Marginalized Masculinities = Versions of masculinity that are less privileged and often viewed as subordinate to hegemonic masculinity. Doing Gender = The idea that individuals actively perform and enact gender roles through their actions and behaviors. Manosphere = A collection of online communities characterized by misogynistic and anti-feminist beliefs. Blackpill = A nihilistic and misogynistic ideology that views men as inherently disadvantaged and women as inherently privileged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The content suggests that violence by girls and women is always a rational choice.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary reason for the lower rates of crime commission among women?

    <p>Women are more likely to be victims of crime than perpetrators. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central aim of feminist criminology?

    <p>To analyze the role of gender in shaping criminal justice systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Feminist criminology rejects the idea that women's experiences are monolithic and universal.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Feminist criminology is solely concerned with studying the experiences of women as victims of crime.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the concept of 'choice within constraint' relate to crime control and punishment?

    <p>It suggests that considering the social and structural limitations that influence individuals' choices is crucial in developing effective and equitable crime control and punishment systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'matrix of oppression' concept and how does it relate to feminist criminology?

    <p>The 'matrix of oppression' refers to the interconnected systems of power and privilege that shape individual experiences, particularly for marginalized groups. In feminist criminology, it highlights how gender intersects with other inequalities, like race, class, and sexuality, creating unique challenges and vulnerabilities for women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term '______' refers to the prejudice and discrimination against men.

    <p>Misandry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to feminist criminology, how does gender inequality contribute to ______ in crime?

    <p>women's participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the concept of 'normalised' crime in relation to hegemonic masculinity.

    <p>'Normalised' crime refers to the tendency to overlook, minimize, or excuse criminal behavior that aligns with dominant masculinity norms, such as violence or aggression. This can contribute to the perpetuation of gender-based inequalities and the dismissal of harm caused by men.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups is NOT typically associated with the Manosphere?

    <p>Feminist Activists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following feminist criminology concepts with their corresponding definitions:

    <p>Intersectional feminism = Examines the interconnected nature of gender inequality and other forms of oppression Gender ratio = Focuses on explaining the difference in crime rates between men and women Gendered pathways into lawbreaking = Examines the specific reasons and contexts behind women's and men's involvement in crime Gendered crime = Analyzes the social contexts and specific features of criminal acts committed by men and women Gendered lives = Explores the life trajectories of women and men, including their experiences with crime and justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'feminisation of poverty' thesis, and how does it relate to women's crime?

    <p>Poverty and other factors like residential care and substance abuse contribute to women's criminal behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mainstreaming of the 'Blackpill' ideology has led to a decrease in misogynistic beliefs and behaviors in society.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term '______' describes a type of crime typically associated with wealth and power, often involving financial fraud or other white-collar offenses.

    <p>crimes of the suite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'liberation hypothesis' suggests that women's crime rates have increased as a result of increased female participation in the workforce.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What empirical evidence supports or refutes the 'liberation hypothesis'?

    <p>Empirical evidence largely refutes the 'liberation hypothesis'. Studies have shown that women who are most often caught up in the criminal justice system are those from disadvantaged backgrounds and minority ethnic groups, not those who have achieved greater economic independence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the feminist perspective on criminology challenge traditional approaches to understanding crime?

    <p>Feminist criminology challenges traditional approaches by acknowledging that crime is not gender-neutral. It emphasizes the need to consider the experiences of women, both as victims and offenders, and to examine gendered power dynamics within the criminal justice system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the 'psychological sequelae' of victimisation contribute to women's crime?

    <p>Victims, especially women, may experience trauma, develop destructive coping mechanisms like substance abuse, or become desensitized to violence, which can increase the risk of criminal activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to feminist criminology, research in this field can be unbiased and value-free.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a contributing factor to the gender difference in crime rates?

    <p>Biological differences between men and women (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Women are more likely to be arrested for violent offenses than men.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'gendered crime' perspective and what are some key aspects it examines?

    <p>The 'gendered crime' perspective acknowledges the social contexts and specific features of criminal acts committed by men and women. It explores the unique circumstances and motivations behind these acts, including social roles, power dynamics, and cultural beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Box and Hale, what factor significantly contributed to the rising conviction rates for women accused of violent offenses in the 1980s?

    <p>the increasing number of female officers in law enforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these factors has been identified as contributing to the 'blurring boundaries' between women's offending and victimisation?

    <p>The high rates of child and adult victimisation experiences among female offenders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of women in high-risk lifestyles, like drug use or prostitution, does not contribute to their potential for victimisation and involvement in crime.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does feminist criminology challenge traditional interpretations of women's crime and justice?

    <p>Feminist criminology challenges traditional interpretations of women's crime and justice by emphasizing the role of gender inequality, intersectionality, and the unique experiences of women, particularly those from marginalized backgrounds. It questions the binary between offender and victim, highlighting the complexities of their interactions with the criminal justice system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The feminist criminology approach seeks to ______ the lived experiences of women in relation to crime and justice.

    <p>centre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gender and Crime: Overview

    • Gender significantly influences crime participation, influenced by norms, expectations, and structural factors like poverty and marginalization.
    • Gendered experiences of these factors, along with race and class, affect crime involvement differently.
    • Cultural and international variations exist in these patterns of gender and crime.
    • Male representation in crime is disproportionately high, but the underlying reasons are complex.

    Masculinity and Crime

    • Hegemonic masculinity is a central concept, referring to dominant ideals of masculinity that can influence criminal behavior.
    • Men use different crimes to construct or assert their masculinity, including violent crimes like domestic violence, football hooliganism, and sexual violence.
    • Masculinity is socially constructed, institutionalised, and related to power.
    • Some expressions of masculinity are considered "toxic", influencing behaviors linked to crime.
    • Hegemonic masculinity, though a societal ideal, doesn't always reflect the realities of all men's lives.
    • Gendered patterns of offending are highly prevalent, particularly concerning serious/violent crimes.

    Women and Crime

    • Women commit a smaller proportion of crimes compared to men, with exceptions in specific offenses like TV license evasion (where women have a larger presence).
    • Most females are involved in crimes like shoplifting, and smaller offences.
    • Cultural expectations often minimize/discourage women's criminal behavior, different from the perceived lack of limitations for men.
    • Informal controls, stigma, and social opprobrium, discourage female criminal behavior

    Feminism and Criminology

    • Feminist criminology aims to challenge biases in studies and research.
    • It emphasizes the lived experiences of women and critiques mainstream perspectives on crime.
    • Intersectionality is crucial in feminist criminology; a rejection of essentialist views on femininity and crime.

    Intersectional Perspectives on Crime & Violence

    • Gender inequality impacts crime participation (and victimisation) in complex ways.
    • Crimes are often rooted in factors like gender, race, class and sexuality.
    • Explanations of women's (non)-criminal activity are challenged.
    • The experience of women varies significantly, and generalizations may mask complexities.

    Theories of Women's Crime

    • Poverty, economic marginalisation, and the "feminization of poverty" and other experiences are associated with higher rates of female arrest.
    • The experience of victimisation is often closely related to crime, particularly for women.
    • Child and adult victimisation is frequently observed amongst adjudicated female offenders, linked to abuse and other trauma.
    • Experiences like residential care, drug addiction, or rejection of social structures influence crime involvement for some women.

    Gendering Violence

    • Gender differences in violence perpetration and how it is viewed and measured are important.
    • Young women commit a smaller proportion of violent offences.
    • Violence may be differently motivated – relational vs. instrumental; this is a contested concept.
    • Girls' and women's agency in violence is often overlooked, and understood within the context, of their lives.
    • Violence from women is often misinterpreted, oversimplified, and exaggerated, leading to potential misinformation.
    • Situational context plays a key role in understanding this, as well as related class, race, and other factors.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the relationship between gender and criminal behavior, examining how societal norms and structures influence crime participation. It discusses the impact of masculinity on crime, including the concept of hegemonic masculinity and its role in shaping violent behaviors. Understand the complexities of gendered experiences in crime across different cultural contexts.

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