Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a type of crime commonly associated with the construction of masculinity?
Which of the following is NOT a type of crime commonly associated with the construction of masculinity?
- Joy riding
- Football hooliganism
- Embezzlement (correct)
- Domestic violence
Gender is consistently found to be a factor that influences criminal behavior.
Gender is consistently found to be a factor that influences criminal behavior.
True (A)
What is the term used to describe the ideal or actual characteristics of 'being a man' in relation to crime, as defined by Collier?
What is the term used to describe the ideal or actual characteristics of 'being a man' in relation to crime, as defined by Collier?
Hegemonic masculinity
According to Messerschmidt, different men use different types of crime to construct their ______.
According to Messerschmidt, different men use different types of crime to construct their ______.
Match the following concepts with their definitions:
Match the following concepts with their definitions:
What is one of the primary reasons why masculinities and crime are interconnected?
What is one of the primary reasons why masculinities and crime are interconnected?
Masculinity is a fixed and unchanging concept.
Masculinity is a fixed and unchanging concept.
How might the cultural context influence the understanding of what it means to be a man?
How might the cultural context influence the understanding of what it means to be a man?
What type of aggression is often associated with girls, according to the content?
What type of aggression is often associated with girls, according to the content?
Girls are more likely to use physical violence regularly than boys.
Girls are more likely to use physical violence regularly than boys.
What are two key contexts that play a significant role in understanding girls' and women's violence?
What are two key contexts that play a significant role in understanding girls' and women's violence?
According to Daly (1992), a 'leading feminist scenario' involves women being ______ as children and later becoming violent.
According to Daly (1992), a 'leading feminist scenario' involves women being ______ as children and later becoming violent.
Match the following terms with their associated concepts:
Match the following terms with their associated concepts:
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor that can contribute to girls' violence?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor that can contribute to girls' violence?
Girls often consider verbal abuse to be more damaging than physical violence.
Girls often consider verbal abuse to be more damaging than physical violence.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hegemonic masculinity?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hegemonic masculinity?
What are three common justifications girls use to explain their violence?
What are three common justifications girls use to explain their violence?
The study by Cobbina et al. (2016) found that the gender difference in violent conflict was often tied to the ______ of the conflict.
The study by Cobbina et al. (2016) found that the gender difference in violent conflict was often tied to the ______ of the conflict.
Hegemonic masculinities are always a direct reflection of the real lives of most men.
Hegemonic masculinities are always a direct reflection of the real lives of most men.
Match the following researchers with their areas of focus on girls' and women's violence:
Match the following researchers with their areas of focus on girls' and women's violence:
What is the concept of 'doing gender' as it relates to crime?
What is the concept of 'doing gender' as it relates to crime?
The term '______' refers to a group of online communities characterized by misogynistic and anti-feminist beliefs.
The term '______' refers to a group of online communities characterized by misogynistic and anti-feminist beliefs.
What is the central message regarding the understanding of violence perpetrated by girls and women?
What is the central message regarding the understanding of violence perpetrated by girls and women?
The concept of 'choice within constraint' suggests that all individuals have complete freedom of choice.
The concept of 'choice within constraint' suggests that all individuals have complete freedom of choice.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the 'Blackpill' ideology?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the 'Blackpill' ideology?
The 'Manosphere' discourse is solely confined to obscure internet forums and does not have a significant impact on mainstream culture.
The 'Manosphere' discourse is solely confined to obscure internet forums and does not have a significant impact on mainstream culture.
Explain the importance of acknowledging the intersection of gender with other social variables in understanding violence.
Explain the importance of acknowledging the intersection of gender with other social variables in understanding violence.
What is technology-facilitated sexual violence (TFSV)?
What is technology-facilitated sexual violence (TFSV)?
The content emphasizes the influence of ______ on violence perpetrated by girls, particularly in relation to power and status.
The content emphasizes the influence of ______ on violence perpetrated by girls, particularly in relation to power and status.
Which of the following is NOT a key point highlighted in the conclusion about violence perpetrated by girls and women?
Which of the following is NOT a key point highlighted in the conclusion about violence perpetrated by girls and women?
Match the following terms with their respective meanings:
Match the following terms with their respective meanings:
The content suggests that violence by girls and women is always a rational choice.
The content suggests that violence by girls and women is always a rational choice.
Which of the following is NOT a primary reason for the lower rates of crime commission among women?
Which of the following is NOT a primary reason for the lower rates of crime commission among women?
What is the central aim of feminist criminology?
What is the central aim of feminist criminology?
Feminist criminology rejects the idea that women's experiences are monolithic and universal.
Feminist criminology rejects the idea that women's experiences are monolithic and universal.
Feminist criminology is solely concerned with studying the experiences of women as victims of crime.
Feminist criminology is solely concerned with studying the experiences of women as victims of crime.
How does the concept of 'choice within constraint' relate to crime control and punishment?
How does the concept of 'choice within constraint' relate to crime control and punishment?
What is the 'matrix of oppression' concept and how does it relate to feminist criminology?
What is the 'matrix of oppression' concept and how does it relate to feminist criminology?
The term '______' refers to the prejudice and discrimination against men.
The term '______' refers to the prejudice and discrimination against men.
According to feminist criminology, how does gender inequality contribute to ______ in crime?
According to feminist criminology, how does gender inequality contribute to ______ in crime?
Explain the concept of 'normalised' crime in relation to hegemonic masculinity.
Explain the concept of 'normalised' crime in relation to hegemonic masculinity.
Which of the following groups is NOT typically associated with the Manosphere?
Which of the following groups is NOT typically associated with the Manosphere?
Match the following feminist criminology concepts with their corresponding definitions:
Match the following feminist criminology concepts with their corresponding definitions:
What is the 'feminisation of poverty' thesis, and how does it relate to women's crime?
What is the 'feminisation of poverty' thesis, and how does it relate to women's crime?
The mainstreaming of the 'Blackpill' ideology has led to a decrease in misogynistic beliefs and behaviors in society.
The mainstreaming of the 'Blackpill' ideology has led to a decrease in misogynistic beliefs and behaviors in society.
The term '______' describes a type of crime typically associated with wealth and power, often involving financial fraud or other white-collar offenses.
The term '______' describes a type of crime typically associated with wealth and power, often involving financial fraud or other white-collar offenses.
The 'liberation hypothesis' suggests that women's crime rates have increased as a result of increased female participation in the workforce.
The 'liberation hypothesis' suggests that women's crime rates have increased as a result of increased female participation in the workforce.
What empirical evidence supports or refutes the 'liberation hypothesis'?
What empirical evidence supports or refutes the 'liberation hypothesis'?
How does the feminist perspective on criminology challenge traditional approaches to understanding crime?
How does the feminist perspective on criminology challenge traditional approaches to understanding crime?
How does the 'psychological sequelae' of victimisation contribute to women's crime?
How does the 'psychological sequelae' of victimisation contribute to women's crime?
According to feminist criminology, research in this field can be unbiased and value-free.
According to feminist criminology, research in this field can be unbiased and value-free.
Which of the following is NOT considered a contributing factor to the gender difference in crime rates?
Which of the following is NOT considered a contributing factor to the gender difference in crime rates?
Women are more likely to be arrested for violent offenses than men.
Women are more likely to be arrested for violent offenses than men.
What is the 'gendered crime' perspective and what are some key aspects it examines?
What is the 'gendered crime' perspective and what are some key aspects it examines?
According to Box and Hale, what factor significantly contributed to the rising conviction rates for women accused of violent offenses in the 1980s?
According to Box and Hale, what factor significantly contributed to the rising conviction rates for women accused of violent offenses in the 1980s?
Which of these factors has been identified as contributing to the 'blurring boundaries' between women's offending and victimisation?
Which of these factors has been identified as contributing to the 'blurring boundaries' between women's offending and victimisation?
The presence of women in high-risk lifestyles, like drug use or prostitution, does not contribute to their potential for victimisation and involvement in crime.
The presence of women in high-risk lifestyles, like drug use or prostitution, does not contribute to their potential for victimisation and involvement in crime.
How does feminist criminology challenge traditional interpretations of women's crime and justice?
How does feminist criminology challenge traditional interpretations of women's crime and justice?
The feminist criminology approach seeks to ______ the lived experiences of women in relation to crime and justice.
The feminist criminology approach seeks to ______ the lived experiences of women in relation to crime and justice.
Flashcards
Gendered Crime Participation
Gendered Crime Participation
How gender influences an individual's involvement in crime or lack thereof.
Hegemonic Masculinity
Hegemonic Masculinity
The dominant form of masculinity that defines ideal male traits and behaviors.
Masculinities and Crime
Masculinities and Crime
Different types of masculinities can lead to varying criminal behaviors.
Criminogenic Masculinity
Criminogenic Masculinity
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Cultural Factors in Crime
Cultural Factors in Crime
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Gender Order
Gender Order
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Intersections of Identity
Intersections of Identity
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Toxic Masculinity
Toxic Masculinity
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Relational aggression
Relational aggression
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Emotional violence
Emotional violence
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Physical aggression in girls
Physical aggression in girls
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Normal violence in girls' lives
Normal violence in girls' lives
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Victim precipitation
Victim precipitation
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Situational context of violence
Situational context of violence
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Intersectional explanation
Intersectional explanation
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Myth-making in female violence
Myth-making in female violence
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Agency in violence
Agency in violence
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Context of offending
Context of offending
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Righteous indignation
Righteous indignation
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Class and violence
Class and violence
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Power dynamics in masculinity
Power dynamics in masculinity
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Choice within constraint
Choice within constraint
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Self-esteem and fights
Self-esteem and fights
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Symbolic importance
Symbolic importance
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Marginalised masculinities
Marginalised masculinities
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Relational concept
Relational concept
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Social construction of masculinity
Social construction of masculinity
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Doing gender
Doing gender
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Intersectionality
Intersectionality
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Manosphere
Manosphere
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Incel
Incel
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Mainstreaming of ideologies
Mainstreaming of ideologies
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Juvenile crime gender gap
Juvenile crime gender gap
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Feminist criminology
Feminist criminology
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Cultural expectations of femininity
Cultural expectations of femininity
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Gendered identities
Gendered identities
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Deterrent effects
Deterrent effects
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Anti-essentialism
Anti-essentialism
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Matrix of oppression
Matrix of oppression
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Gendered crime
Gendered crime
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Economic marginalization
Economic marginalization
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Gender ratio
Gender ratio
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Victimisation pathways
Victimisation pathways
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Psychological sequelae
Psychological sequelae
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Female crime rates
Female crime rates
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Liberation hypothesis
Liberation hypothesis
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Cultural beliefs and norms
Cultural beliefs and norms
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Gender stereotypes
Gender stereotypes
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Social organization of offenses
Social organization of offenses
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Gendered pathways into lawbreaking
Gendered pathways into lawbreaking
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Impact of austerity on women's crime
Impact of austerity on women's crime
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Study Notes
Gender and Crime: Overview
- Gender significantly influences crime participation, influenced by norms, expectations, and structural factors like poverty and marginalization.
- Gendered experiences of these factors, along with race and class, affect crime involvement differently.
- Cultural and international variations exist in these patterns of gender and crime.
- Male representation in crime is disproportionately high, but the underlying reasons are complex.
Masculinity and Crime
- Hegemonic masculinity is a central concept, referring to dominant ideals of masculinity that can influence criminal behavior.
- Men use different crimes to construct or assert their masculinity, including violent crimes like domestic violence, football hooliganism, and sexual violence.
- Masculinity is socially constructed, institutionalised, and related to power.
- Some expressions of masculinity are considered "toxic", influencing behaviors linked to crime.
- Hegemonic masculinity, though a societal ideal, doesn't always reflect the realities of all men's lives.
- Gendered patterns of offending are highly prevalent, particularly concerning serious/violent crimes.
Women and Crime
- Women commit a smaller proportion of crimes compared to men, with exceptions in specific offenses like TV license evasion (where women have a larger presence).
- Most females are involved in crimes like shoplifting, and smaller offences.
- Cultural expectations often minimize/discourage women's criminal behavior, different from the perceived lack of limitations for men.
- Informal controls, stigma, and social opprobrium, discourage female criminal behavior
Feminism and Criminology
- Feminist criminology aims to challenge biases in studies and research.
- It emphasizes the lived experiences of women and critiques mainstream perspectives on crime.
- Intersectionality is crucial in feminist criminology; a rejection of essentialist views on femininity and crime.
Intersectional Perspectives on Crime & Violence
- Gender inequality impacts crime participation (and victimisation) in complex ways.
- Crimes are often rooted in factors like gender, race, class and sexuality.
- Explanations of women's (non)-criminal activity are challenged.
- The experience of women varies significantly, and generalizations may mask complexities.
Theories of Women's Crime
- Poverty, economic marginalisation, and the "feminization of poverty" and other experiences are associated with higher rates of female arrest.
- The experience of victimisation is often closely related to crime, particularly for women.
- Child and adult victimisation is frequently observed amongst adjudicated female offenders, linked to abuse and other trauma.
- Experiences like residential care, drug addiction, or rejection of social structures influence crime involvement for some women.
Gendering Violence
- Gender differences in violence perpetration and how it is viewed and measured are important.
- Young women commit a smaller proportion of violent offences.
- Violence may be differently motivated – relational vs. instrumental; this is a contested concept.
- Girls' and women's agency in violence is often overlooked, and understood within the context, of their lives.
- Violence from women is often misinterpreted, oversimplified, and exaggerated, leading to potential misinformation.
- Situational context plays a key role in understanding this, as well as related class, race, and other factors.
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