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Questions and Answers
What were the two main perspectives on the nationalist movement in early 1900s South Africa?
One perspective advocated for a nationalist movement that included all South Africans equally, while the other believed in a white government supporting segregation policies.
Who first led the African Political Organisation (APO) formed in 1902?
Dr. Abdullah Abdurahman
How did early African nationalist movements typically begin in South Africa?
They began as forms of resistance to colonialism and segregation.
What important step forward was taken in Bloemfontein in relation to African nationalism?
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Which three African newspaper editors were instrumental in calling for the South African Native National Convention?
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What was the main concern of the African Political Organisation (APO) regarding segregation laws?
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Why did many black South Africans support Britain during the South African War (1899-1902)?
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What was the major demand made at the South African Native National Convention meeting in Bloemfontein?
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Study Notes
The Rise of African Nationalism
- African nationalism emerged as a significant political force in 20th-century South Africa in the early 1900s.
- The movement took different forms, with some advocating for a unified movement inclusive of all South Africans, while others believed a white government with segregation policies was necessary.
- Early nationalism movements were dominated by leaders and the educated elite, but later became more inclusive and popular among ordinary people.
Early Movements
- African nationalism began as a resistance to colonialism and segregation.
- During the South African War (1899-1902), many black South Africans supported Britain, hoping for better economic and political conditions, including an end to pass laws and the right to vote.
- In 1902, the African Political Organisation (later called the African People's Organisation) was formed in the Cape, comprising mainly coloured South Africans.
- Dr. Abdullah Abdurahman led the APO from 1905, protesting against segregation laws and plans to exclude black South Africans from voting rights.
- The APO argued for the extension of the coloured franchise from the Cape to the rest of the Union, seeking to achieve goals through negotiation and non-violence.
The Formation of the Native Congress
- After the South African War, it became clear that the Union of South Africa would be based on white political control, at the expense of black South Africans.
- In 1906, Native Congresses were formed, with the Transvaal Native Congress writing to the British Parliament to complain about pass laws, but their letter was ignored.
- In the 1900s, three African newspaper editors, Walter Rubusana, John Jabavu, and John L. Dube, called for a meeting of the South African Native National Convention in Bloemfontein.
- The convention demanded the vote for all males and an end to racial discrimination.
The Formation of the SANNC
- The South African Native National Congress (SANNC, later the ANC) was formed in Bloemfontein, with John Dube elected as treasurer and president.
- Despite linguistic and cultural differences between black, coloured, and white people, they united to strive for democracy and freedom.
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Description
Explore the rise of African Nationalism in South Africa during the 20th century, its development, and different forms of the movement. Learn about the early 1900s and the segregation policies.
