Sound Waves and Their Properties
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Questions and Answers

What is the frequency emitted by the source (target) in the given scenario?

  • 36 × 10^3 Hz (correct)
  • 3600 Hz
  • 38 × 10^3 Hz
  • 30 m/s

    • In the context of the Doppler effect, when the source is approaching the listener, which signs are used in the formula for calculating shifted frequencies?

  • No signs needed
  • Upper signs (correct)
  • Lower signs
  • Mixed signs

    • In the formula for Doppler shifted frequency, what variable represents the speed of the listener?

  • v_s
  • n_0
  • v_L (correct)
  • n'

    • If the bat is receding while the car is approaching, how would this affect the frequency detected by the car's detector?

    <p>It would decrease the detected frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Doppler shifted frequency when the car (listener) is detected in motion towards a closing source (bat)?

    <p>Higher than the emitted frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of sound in air?

    <p>330 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much time does sound take to travel a distance of 80 m in air?

    <p>0.24 s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the surface behind the speaker be designed as to achieve good acoustics?

    <p>Parabolic surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to echoes and reverberation in an auditorium?

    <p>Eliminate or reduce them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions improves sound loudness throughout the auditorium?

    <p>Ensuring uniform sound distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect caused by sound produced in the hall mixing with echoes?

    <p>Echelon effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided to prevent unnecessary focusing of sound in an auditorium?

    <p>Curved surfaces of walls or ceilings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do echoes combine with the original sound to prolong it?

    <p>When the reflecting surface is closer than 15 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the calculated speed of sound in air at NTP?

    <p>332.3 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor primarily affects the speed of sound in a gas according to the provided content?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time difference when comparing your friend's hearing of sound with the broadcasted sound?

    <p>0.4446 s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between loudness in decibels (db) and bel?

    <p>Loudness in db is 10 times the loudness in bel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sound intensity of 20 db in terms of the least audible intensity I0?

    <p>I = 100 I0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What correction did Laplace make regarding the propagation of sound?

    <p>Understanding compression and rarefaction as slow phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what intensity level does immediate ear damage occur according to the approximate decibel ratings?

    <p>150 db</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the pressure of the enclosed air is increased from P0 to P, how does the speed of sound change?

    <p>It increases by 1.5 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much louder is a sound measured at 100 db compared to the threshold of hearing?

    <p>1000 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the specific heat of a gas and the temperature increase at constant pressure?

    <p>Higher specific heat leads to a smaller temperature increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding sound waves traveling through open air?

    <p>Pressure changes have no effect unless temperature changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of exposure to sounds measured at 110 db?

    <p>Strongly painful sensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about sounds measuring at 30 db in a quiet rural area?

    <p>They represent virtual silence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the constant Cp represent for gases in the context provided?

    <p>Specific heat at constant pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sound sources corresponds to an intensity of about 70 db?

    <p>Highway traffic at 8 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which decibel rating indicates the threshold of hearing?

    <p>0 db</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of wave is a sound wave classified as?

    <p>Mechanical wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about sound is true?

    <p>Sound waves are longitudinal waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of wavelength in the context of wave motion?

    <p>The distance between two successive particles in the same state of vibration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of amplitude in wave motion?

    <p>It is the largest displacement of a particle from its rest position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes reverberation?

    <p>The continued sound produced after the source has stopped.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of a sound wave determines its pitch?

    <p>Frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when sound waves reflect off a surface creating an echo?

    <p>Reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a common property of all waves?

    <p>Directionality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency of a sound wave with a speed of 340 m/s and a wavelength of 1.7 m?

    <p>200 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a characteristic of transverse waves?

    <p>Particles move perpendicular to the direction of wave travel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the speed of sound in two locations is in the ratio of 1:1.1, assuming temperatures are the same, what can be concluded about the medium in these locations?

    <p>The second medium is less dense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recorded frequency of a siren from a police car traveling towards a stationary observer emitting a frequency of 250 Hz at 15 m/s?

    <p>261.54 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Newton's formula for the velocity of sound, and what is its limitation?

    <p>Velocity = $331 + 0.6T$; assumes uniform temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an echo is received 0.45 seconds after it was sent and the speed of sound in water is 1500 m/s, how deep is the shoal of fish?

    <p>337.5 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of sound in air if a tuning fork of frequency 170 Hz produces sound waves of wavelength 2 m?

    <p>340 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a sound wave has a period of 0.005 seconds, what is its frequency?

    <p>200 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sound Waves

    • Sound is a periodic wave
    • It requires a medium to travel
    • Mechanical waves: require a material medium for propagation
    • Electromagnetic waves: do not require a material medium
    • Matter waves: associated with moving objects

    Common Wave Properties

    • Amplitude (A): Maximum displacement from rest position, measured in meters (m)
    • Wavelength (λ): Distance between two successive points in phase (e.g., two consecutive crests), measured in meters (m)
    • Period (T): Time taken for one complete vibration, measured in seconds (s)
    • Frequency (f): Number of vibrations per second, measured in Hertz (Hz), f = 1/T
    • Velocity (v): Speed of the wave, calculated as v = λ/T or v = fλ, measured in meters per second (m/s)
    • Phase and Phase Difference: Describes the relative position of points on a wave, expressed as angles

    Types of Waves

    • Mechanical Waves: Require matter (solid, liquid, or gas) for propagation, such as sound waves, water waves, seismic waves
    • Electromagnetic Waves: Do not require matter for propagation, such as light waves, radio waves, X-rays
    • Matter Waves: Associated with any moving object, studied in quantum mechanics

    Speed of Sound

    • Speed of sound depends on:
      • The properties of the medium
      • Temperature
    • Sound travels faster in solids than in liquids and faster in liquids than in gases.
    • Higher temperatures generally lead to a faster speed of sound.
    • Newton's formula: v = √(E/ρ), E is the elasticity and ρ is density
    • Laplace's formula: v = √(γP/ρ), γ is the adiabatic index, P is pressure

    Doppler Effect

    • The apparent change in frequency of a wave (sound or light) due to relative motion between the source and observer
    • Increasing relative velocity between source and observer increases observed frequency.
    • Decreasing relative velocity between source and observer decreases observed frequency.
    • Applicable for both sound and light waves, but with different implications.

    Sound Quality and Loudness

    • Pitch: The perceived highness or lowness of a sound, related to frequency

    • Timbre: The quality or tone of a sound, relating to the combination of harmonics and fundamental frequencies

    • Loudness: The perceived intensity of a sound, related to its amplitude (energy), measured in decibels (dB)

    • Loudness is a logarithmic scale, meaning a doubling of intensity corresponds to an increase of about 3dB.

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    Sound - Physics PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of sound waves in this quiz. Learn about the essential properties of waves, the differences between mechanical and electromagnetic waves, and how various wave parameters are measured. Test your knowledge on amplitudes, wavelengths, frequencies, and more!

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