SOP Evolution in ROTC Programs
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Questions and Answers

What is the Class A academic requirement according to the revised SOP?

  • 91%
  • 90% (correct)
  • 80%
  • 85%

    • The revised SOP maintains the Class B academic requirement of 85%.

    False

    What was the subject of SOP Nr 13 dated 18 October 2017?

    Conduct of AFP Service Aptitude Test to all Candidates for Advance ROTC Program.

    The incentive allowance for Advance ROTC Cadets was revised from ______ to ______.

    <p>Scholarship Incentive to Incentive Allowance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following classes with their corresponding academic percentages:

    <p>Class A = 90% Class B = 86% - 89.9% Class C = 83% - 85.99% Scholarship Incentive = No Change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mandatory duration for female scholars regarding height requirements?

    <p>3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Male instructors must meet a height requirement of 5'2'' to be eligible for duty.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the height requirement for female instructors?

    <p>5'2''</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The scholarship incentive includes a mandatory refund if unable to finish the _____.

    <p>course</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following SOP revisions with their dates:

    <p>SOP NR 03 DTD 05 April 2011 = Define initial academic requirements SOP NR 08 DTD 28 SEP 2012 = Revise scholarship limitations SOP NR 08 DTD 26 April 2018 = Current operational procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a requirement for being a graduate military assistant?

    <p>Meeting height requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There is no height requirement for female scholars.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if a student cannot complete the course under the mandatory refund policy?

    <p>They receive a refund.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum height requirement for both males and females according to the AFP standard?

    <p>4’11”</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The minimum height requirement for military service is 5 feet for males only.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which school year did the Advance ROTC see its highest number of grantees?

    <p>SY 2015-2016</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The SOP Number ___, HPA dated 26 April 2018 introduces the Philippine Army Advance ROTC Cadets Incentives Program.

    <p>08</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the school year with the percentage of grantees:

    <p>SY 2015-2016 = 29.67% SY 2016-2017 = 14.73% SY 2017-2018 = 10.77% SY 2019-2020 = 6.34%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of grantees for SY 2020-2021?

    <p>4.87%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Advance ROTC numbers have consistently increased yearly since SY 2015-2016.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age category included for height requirement testing?

    <p>Under age category 17 and 17-25</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Advance ROTC program started taking effect in the school year ___ and yearly thereafter.

    <p>2018-2019</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which school year recorded the lowest number of total Advance ROTC grantees?

    <p>SY 2018-2019</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the effects of substances commonly associated with 'Liquid Ecstasy'?

    <p>Increased energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drink spiking can involve adding drugs to someone's drink without their knowledge.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a potential consequence of being involved in illegal drug activity.

    <p>Punishable by law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The emotional impact of substances associated with 'Liquid Ecstasy' can cause overwhelming _____ drive.

    <p>sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Liquid Ecstasy = GHB, often linked to drink spiking and sexual assault Date Rape Drugs = Substances used without consent to facilitate assault Republic Act 9165 = Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 Drink Spiking = Adding drugs or alcohol to someone's drink secretly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum academic grade requirement for a Cadet to qualify for the CSAFP Scholarship?

    <p>80.00%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The CSAFP Scholarship is available to all Cadets regardless of their academic performance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one benefit of the CSAFP Scholarship for Advance ROTC Cadets.

    <p>Incentive allowances for the best qualified cadets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The definition of national security emphasizes the protection of people's welfare, government institutions, and territorial __________.

    <p>integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a challenge to national security mentioned?

    <p>Terrorism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following issues with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Terrorism = Violent acts to intimidate or coerce societies China's claims = Disputed territory in the West Philippine Sea Insurgency = Armed rebellion against the government Natural disasters = Catastrophic events causing significant damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-governance is one of the factors contributing to the concept of territory and sovereignty.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of the Army Transformation Roadmap (ATR)?

    <p>To recruit the best and the brightest to join the Army.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the 2016 PCA ruling regarding China's claims in the South China Sea?

    <p>It found no legal basis for China's historic rights beyond what is provided in the Convention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The CPP is made up of the NPA and the NDF.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does NPA stand for?

    <p>New People's Army</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ is the political leadership of the CPP.

    <p>CPP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following groups with their roles:

    <p>CPP = Political leadership NPA = Military arm NDF = Umbrella organization for political fronts UGMOS = Organized groups for political offensives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the CPP-NPA-NDF focus on targeting the youth?

    <p>The majority of the party cadres and NPA fighters come from the youth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The CPP seeks to organize teachers among its allied sectors.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which urban centers are a priority for the CPP's strategic organizing?

    <p>State colleges and universities, regional private schools, and national high schools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a known effect of marijuana use?

    <p>Lethargy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ecstasy can cause long-term memory problems.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one method of administering marijuana?

    <p>Smoked</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ecstasy is chemically known as __________.

    <p>Methylenedioxymethamphetamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following substances with their effects:

    <p>Marijuana = Increased heart rate Ecstasy = Hyperthermia Opioids = Respiratory depression Cocaine = Elevated energy levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ingredient is commonly involved in the synthesis of shabu?

    <p>Ephedrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Taking ecstasy can lead to elevated anxiety levels.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one physical effect of marijuana use.

    <p>Poor coordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle emphasizes that all forms of life are important?

    <p>All forms of life are important</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The principle that 'everything changes' suggests that the environment remains static.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'intergenerational equity'?

    <p>Fairness across time, ensuring future generations inherit a viable world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Renewable resources are resources that __________ be depleted.

    <p>cannot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a nonrenewable resource?

    <p>Coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following renewable energy sources to their descriptions:

    <p>Biomass = Organic material from plant or animal Hydropower = Energy from flowing water Wind = Energy harnessed through wind turbines Solar = Energy from sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle states that natural resources are limited?

    <p>Ours is a finite Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nature always provides the best solution according to the principle 'Nature knows best'.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the revised GPA requirement for Class B in the most recent SOP?

    <p>86% - 89.9%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There was no change in the academic requirements for Class A from previous SOPs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the SOP Nr 13 dated 18 October 2017?

    <p>To conduct the AFP Service Aptitude Test for Advance ROTC program candidates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The previous incentive allowance for Advance ROTC Cadets was replaced with an ___________ allowance.

    <p>Incentive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following classes with their corresponding academic percentages:

    <p>Class A = 90% Class B = 86% - 89.9% Class C = 83% - 85.99% Class D = 80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the part of the South China Sea that is closest to the Philippines?

    <p>West Philippine Sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Kalayaan Island Group consists of over fifty geographic features.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the large coral reef located off the coast of Zambales that is associated with the Philippines.

    <p>Bajo de Masinloc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ Islands are among the various geographic features scattered over the South China Sea.

    <p>Spratly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following locations with their descriptions:

    <p>Kalayaan Island Group = A group of over fifty features belonging to the Philippines West Philippine Sea = Part of the South China Sea nearest to the Philippines Bajo de Masinloc = A large coral reef off the coast of Zambales Spratly Islands = Scattered geographic features in the South China Sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the PA Advance ROTC Cadet Incentive Allowance is based on the Latest Grade Point Average (Academic)?

    <p>35%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Checks for the ROTC Incentive Allowance are distributed by mail.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one responsibility of the Deputy RCDG Commander in the Cash Incentive Board.

    <p>Vice-Chairman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The total percentage for the PA Advance ROTC Cadet Incentive Allowance must equal _____%.

    <p>100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following roles with their corresponding members in the Cash Incentive Board:

    <p>ADC for RRA = Chairman Chief, FSFO = Member Reservist Officer = Member Medical Officer = Member</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mission of the Citizen Armed Force according to RA 7077?

    <p>Expand the Armed Forces in events of war, invasion, or rebellion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included in the nine line items of ICIE for PA Advance ROTC Cadets?

    <p>Trophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percent of the PA Advance ROTC incentives is attributed to Committee Discretion?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prior to the implementation of RA 7077, ROTC was optional for college students.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long is the basic ROTC training period for students?

    <p>2 academic years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Subsistence Allowance is provided for a maximum of ten training days per semester.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The National Service Training Program Act of ______ established military training programs.

    <p>2001</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following RA numbers with their significance:

    <p>RA 7077 = Citizen Armed Force or Armed Forces Reserve Act RA 9163 = National Service Training Program Act HPA SOP Nr 04 = Guidelines for ROTC administration DND Cir Nr 09 = Regulations for military training in schools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section of RA 7077 states that military training is mandatory for college students?

    <p>Section 38</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ROTC program includes a summer training period of no more than 45 consecutive days.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of establishing ROTC Units in schools according to RA 7077?

    <p>To produce enlisted and officer reservists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an ingredient of shabu?

    <p>Sodium Chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Marijuana can cause memory and cognitive impairment.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for Ecstasy?

    <p>MDMA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The behavioral effects of marijuana include __________.

    <p>anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following effects of marijuana with their corresponding categories:

    <p>Memory Loss = Behavioral Effects Decreased muscle strength = Physical Effects Slow reaction time = Physical Effects Anxiety = Behavioral Effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect is considered a long-term consequence of using Ecstasy?

    <p>Sleep problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All substances listed in the ingredients of shabu are safe for human consumption.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method of administering marijuana?

    <p>smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benefit provided to Officers in the training program?

    <p>Cash Incentive of Php 12,000.00/SEM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Community service activities are part of the training curriculum.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What financial support is provided to CSAFP Scholars?

    <p>Php 50,000.00</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The program includes a cultural understanding and literacy program in ______ and ______.

    <p>Guam, Hawaii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following training activities with their respective descriptions:

    <p>Endurance Firing = A training to develop shooting accuracy under exhaustion Obstacle Course = A physical challenge involving various barriers Night Firing = Shooting exercises conducted in low light conditions Slide for Life = A zipline-like activity to promote safety and agility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one component of the leadership development training offered?

    <p>War-fighting competency training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The goal of the Army 2040 initiative includes preparing for only ground missions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main objectives of the ROTC training program?

    <p>Balanced/wholistic character development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mission of the Citizen Armed Force as per RA 7077?

    <p>Provide expansion of the Armed Forces in emergencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of drug is shabu classified as?

    <p>Stimulant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ROTC training for college students is optional according to RA 7077.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drugs can only be taken orally.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ROTC stand for?

    <p>Reserve Officers' Training Corps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the other name for methamphetamine hydrochloride?

    <p>Shabu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The maximum duration for Basic ROTC is ______ academic years.

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following acts with their purposes:

    <p>RA 7077 = Citizen Armed Forces or Reservist Act RA 9163 = National Service Training Program Act Philippine Reservist Act of 1991 = Foundation for Reserve Force National Defense Act = Mandatory military training implementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drugs administered through the rectum are known as __________.

    <p>suppositories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following pharmacological classifications with their descriptions:

    <p>Stimulants = Drugs that increase energy and alertness Depressants = Drugs that slow down the brain and body Hallucinogens = Drugs that cause altered perception Psychedelic Drugs = Substances that significantly alter thoughts and feelings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sections 39 and 38 of RA 7077 allow the establishment of ROTC units solely for military scholarships.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does RA 7077 define the Citizen Armed Force as?

    <p>The Reserve Force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary objectives of training college students in the Philippine Army?

    <p>To help them become reservists of the Philippine Army</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mission includes training college students solely for combat roles in the military.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cash incentive amount for ROTC students if they qualify?

    <p>Php 12,000.00</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The program aims to produce capable ________ for the Philippine Army.

    <p>reservists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the training levels with their corresponding years in the ROTC system:

    <p>MS 1 &amp; 2 = First Year College MS 31 &amp; 32 = Sophomore Year MS 41 &amp; 42 = Third Year MS 43 = Fourth Year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one requirement for potential officers in the ROTC program?

    <p>To graduate with a degree prior to commissioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ROTC program offers a training summer camp that lasts 14 days.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of training do students undergo after graduation?

    <p>Basic ROTC training or Officer Candidate School</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Upon graduation, participants may achieve the rank of ________ in the reserve force.

    <p>2LT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the mission of the ROTC training program?

    <p>To train and develop future military officers and reservists for the army</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as a drug?

    <p>Any substance intended to alter the recipient’s state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drug abuse can occur through the use of legal drugs without a prescription.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes drug dependence?

    <p>A compulsion to use a drug to experience psychological and physical effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drug abuse leads to an individual's physical, mental, and emotional __________.

    <p>impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a form of drug abuse?

    <p>Using prescribed medication as directed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of drug abuse with their descriptions:

    <p>Illegal drug use = Using substances that are prohibited by law Misuse of prescription drugs = Using prescribed medication for purposes other than intended Recreational drug use = Using drugs for enjoyment rather than medicinal purposes Self-medication = Using drugs to alleviate personal emotional or physical issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drug dependence is solely a psychological condition.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Any substance, legal or illegal, that disrupts an individual's mental or physical state is referred to as a __________.

    <p>drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    SOP Evolution

    • In 1996, the Scholarship Incentive for Advance ROTC Training was introduced.
    • The SOP has been revised multiple times, with changes to the scholarship amount, academic requirements, and eligibility criteria.
    • In 2006, the Scholarship Incentive was changed to Incentive Allowance for Advance ROTC Cadets.
    • SOP Nr 03 (2011) and SOP Nr 08 (2012) introduced changes to the physical fitness test requirements.
    • In 2018, SOP Nr 08 (2018) updated the minimum height requirement for male and female candidates to 4’11”.

    Advance ROTC vs. Grantees

    • Advance ROTC and Grantees enrollment numbers have varied significantly over the past six years.
    • In SY 2015-2016, the number of Advance ROTC Cadets was higher than the number of Grantees.
    • The percentage of Grantees as a portion of Advance ROTC Cadets varied from year to year.
    • The lowest percentage of Grantees was in SY 2018-2019.
    • Overall, Advance ROTC Cadet enrollment has been consistently higher than Grantee enrollment.

    SOP Nr 08, HPA dated 26 April 2018

    • This SOP details the Incentive Program for Philippine Army Advance ROTC Cadets.
    • It took effect in SY 2018-2019 and applies annually thereafter.

    CSAFP Scholarship

    • Only granted to qualified cadets in a 2-year Advance ROTC program
    • No failing grades or dropped subjects
    • Minimum grade of 80% in all subjects
    • Awarded to cadets with the highest Latest Academic Grade Point Average (LAGPA)

    Benefits of the Scholarship

    • Attract and recruit talented cadets
    • Increase enrollment and retention in Advance ROTC training
    • Foster competition among cadets
    • Alleviate financial burden for deserving students
    • Provide incentives to top performing cadets
    • Expand the pool of potential officers

    Scope of Presentation

    • Essence of territory and sovereignty
    • National security and its challenges
    • Role of youth and civic duty

    The Fight for Territory and Sovereignty

    • Historical examples:
      • Early civilizations
      • World War I and II
      • Modern times:
        • Russia-Ukraine conflict
        • Hamas-Israel conflict
        • China-Taiwan relations

    Securing Philippine Territory and Sovereignty

    • Historical milestones:
      • 1565: Spanish colonization
      • 1898: Spanish-American War
      • 1942-1945: Japanese occupation
      • 1946: Philippine independence
      • 2024: Present day
    • Key events and figures:
      • 333: Arrival of Spanish conquistadors
      • 48: American takeover after the Spanish-American War
      • 3: Japanese occupation during World War II
      • 78: Years of Philippine independence
      • Self-rule: Current status of the Philippines

    Territory and Sovereignty

    • Essential aspects:
      • Self-identity, culture, and beliefs
      • Freedom
      • Resources for basic needs and welfare
      • Self-governance
      • Relationship with other countries
      • Sustainability for future generations

    National Security

    • Defined as the state or condition where the following are protected and enhanced:
      • People's welfare, well-being, way of life
      • Government and its institutions
      • Territorial integrity
      • Sovereignty
      • Core values

    National Security Challenges

    • Terrorism
    • Insurgency/Communist terrorist movements
    • Separatist movements
    • Energy security
    • Disasters and calamities
    • West Philippine Sea and other global issues

    West Philippine Sea

    • China's illegal claims on Philippine territory
    • 2013: Philippines filed an arbitration case against China at the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
    • 2016: PCA ruling: No legal basis for China's historic rights or sovereign rights beyond those provided for in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in the South China Sea
    • The ruling invalidated China's "nine-dash line" claim

    Communist Terrorist Threat

    • Aims to undermine:
      • Democracy
      • Religious freedom
      • Peace
      • Family values

    Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP)

    • Political arm of the communist movement in the Philippines
    • Role is to lead political struggle
    • Uses various strategies:
      • Political struggle
      • Umbrella organization for the party's fronts and infiltrated groups
      • Legal struggle

    New People's Army (NPA)

    • Military arm of the CPP
    • Focus is on armed struggle and violence

    National Democratic Front (NDF)

    • United front umbrella organization for the CPP
    • Aims to establish a broad political unity among various sectors

    CPP-NPA-NDF Strategic Organizing

    • Target sectors in urban centers:
      • Allied sectors (teachers, professionals, church leaders, political allies, NGOs, business, partylists)
      • Youth and student sectors, particularly state colleges and universities

    Why the CPP-NPA-NDF Targets Youth

    • Majority of party cadres and fighters come from youth ranks

    Drug Use and its Impact

    • Ingredients of Shabu (Methamphetamine): Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, Acetone, Alcohol, Toluene, Ether, Sulfuric Acid, Red Phosphorus, Iodine, Lithium, Trichloroethane, Chloroform, Sodium Metal Methanol/Alcohol, Muriatic Acid, Sodium Hydroxide

    Marijuana

    • Appearance: Dried parsley with stems and seeds, rolled into cigarettes/cigars
    • Administration: Smoked or taken orally
    • Effects: Memory and cognitive impairment, motor skill impairment, respiratory problems, pregnancy complications, mental health issues, burnout, reproductive health issues, exacerbation of mental illness

    Ecstasy (MDMA)

    • Appearance: Tablets
    • Administration: Taken orally, occasionally as suppositories
    • Effects:
      • Short-term: Hyperthermia, sweating, anxiety, chills, depression, raised blood pressure, sleep problems, nausea, suppressed appetite, blurred vision, lack of interest in sex, impulsive behavior, muscle tension, aggression, tremors, fainting, seizures
      • Long-term: Depression, sleep problems, elevated anxiety, memory problems, lack of interest in sex, inability to derive pleasure from sex

    Effects of Drugs

    • Ecstasy: Warm fuzzy feeling, chattiness, increased energy, wakefulness, overwhelming sex drive, emotional intensity, “geeb comma” (temporary unwakeable sleep due to system suppression)

    Drink Spiking

    • Occurs when someone adds alcohol or drugs to another person's drink without their knowledge
    • Can result in sexual assault, robbery, or other criminal activity
    • Never leave drinks unattended

    Drug Penalties

    • Republic Act 9165 (Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002) outlines the legal penalties for illegal drug activity

    Truth about Drugs

    • Involvement in any illegal drug activity is punishable by law

    Seven Environmental Principles

    • Everything is connected to everything else
    • All forms of life are important
    • Everything must go somewhere
    • Ours is a finite Earth
    • Nature knows best
    • Nature is beautiful and we are stewards of God's Creation
    • Everything Changes

    Everything is Connected

    • Refers to the first law of ecology
    • Emphasizes the interconnectedness of living things and their environment

    All Forms of Life are Important

    • Conservation and respect for all living organisms

    Everything Must Go Somewhere

    • Materials and waste have destinations
    • Environmental impact of our waste
    • Responsible consumption and waste management
    • Our actions impact the planet

    Ours is a Finite Earth

    • Natural resources are limited
    • Overexploitation leads to depletion and environmental degradation
    • Need for sustainable practices

    Intergenerational Equity

    • Fairness across time
    • Future generations should inherit a world as good or better than the present
    • Equitable distribution of resources

    Renewable Resources

    • Cannot be depleted
    • Can be supplied continuously
    • Examples: Biomass, hydropower, geothermal power, wind, solar
    • Nonrenewable resources: Petroleum, coal

    Nature Knows Best

    • Importance of studying natural systems and processes
    • Learning from nature's principles for sustainable living
    • Adapting to natural cycles and rhythms
    • Protecting biodiversity
    • Maintaining ecological balance
    • Conservation and preservation of natural resources

    Republic Act 7077 (RA 7077)

    • Republic Act 7077, also known as "The Citizen Armed Force or Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act", was passed in 1991.
    • The Reserve Force's mission is to assist the Armed Forces in times of war or invasion, provide relief during disasters, assist in socioeconomic development, and maintain government and private utilities.

    ROTC Training under RA 7077

    • Military training for college and university students is mandatory, as outlined in the National Defense Act and the 1987 Constitution.
    • ROTC units are established and maintained with the approval of the Secretary of National Defense (SND).
    • ROTC aims to produce enlisted and officer reservists.
    • ROTC training lasts for two academic years for enlisted reservists and four years for officer reservists, potentially including summer or probationary training lasting up to sixty days.
    • The first two years of mandatory ROTC constitute Basic ROTC, while the following two years are considered Advanced ROTC.

    The West Philippine Sea

    • The West Philippine Sea is a vital part of the South China Sea geographically, particularly for the Philippines.
    • The Kalayaan Island Group (KIG) comprises over fifty features and surrounding waters, belonging to the Philippines and forming part of the Spratly Islands.
    • Bajo de Masinloc, located off the coast of Zambales, is a large coral reef near the Municipality of Palauig.

    Illegal Drugs: Shabu, Marijuana, and Ecstasy

    • Shabu:
      • Ingredients include ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, acetone, alcohol, toluene, ether, sulfuric acid, red phosphorus, iodine, lithium, trichloroethane, chloroform, sodium metal, methanol, muriatic acid, sodium hydroxide.
    • Marijuana:
      • Resembles dried parsley, often sold as cigarettes or cigars.
      • Administered through smoking or orally.
      • Also known as pot, damo, weed, dope, grass, MJ, Juts, Chongki, Mary Jane, Ganja, Dubi, Sensimilla, Veggie, 420
    • Ecstasy (MDMA):
      • Usually comes in tablet form.
      • Administered orally, rarely through suppositories.

    Effects of Drug Use

    • Marijuana Effects:
      • Behavioral: Memory and cognitive impairment, motor skill impairment, anxiety and panic/fear, delirium/hallucinations, psychosis, mania, paranoia, confusion, agitation, attention deficit, and altered perception of time and distance.
      • Physical: Decreased muscle strength, poor coordination, postural hypotension, lethargy, slow reaction time, slurred speech, conjunctival injection, increased heart rate, increased cardiac oxygen demand, angina, myocardial infarctions, congestive heart failure.
    • Ecstasy Effects:
      • Short-term: Hyperthermia, sweating, anxiety, chills, depression, raised blood pressure, sleep problems, elevated anxiety, nausea, suppressed appetite, blurred vision, involuntary clenching of the teeth, impulsive behavior, muscle tension, aggression, tremors, fainting, seizures.
      • Long-term: Memory problems, lack of interest in sex, inability to experience pleasure, depression, anxiety, sleep problems.

    What is a Drug?

    • Any substance other than food or water intended to alter the recipient’s physical, mental, or emotional state.

    What is Drug Abuse?

    • Use of any chemical substance, legal or illegal, resulting to individual’s physical, mental, emotional impairment.

    Forms of Drug Abuse

    • Use of legal drugs without prescription or consultation with a physician.
    • Use of legal drugs for a purpose different from what it was designed and prescribed for
    • Using drugs and substances without legitimate medical application or purpose.

    Drug Dependence

    • A state characterized by a compulsion to use a drug to experience psychological and physical effects.

    Classification of Drugs

    • Origin
    • Pharmacological

    Origin of Drugs:

    • Natural - anything that comes from nature
    • Synthetic - anything that is produced artificially or processed inside a laboratory.

    Pharmacological Classification of Drugs

    • Stimulants - “Uppers”
    • Depressants - “Downers”
    • Hallucinogens - “Psychedelic drugs”

    How are Drugs Taken?

    • Smoking - The drug is inhaled, goes to the lungs and is then rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream.
    • Snorting - Snorted chemicals will enter the bloodstream through the mucus membrane in the nose.
    • Oral Route - Swallowing the drugs allows the drugs to move onto the stomach where they are absorbed by the stomach lining and then enter the bloodstream.
    • Injection - Injecting or putting fluid into the body, usually with a syringe and a hollow needle which is pierced through the skin to a sufficient depth for the drugs to be administered into the body.
    • Suppositories - Drugs is absorbed through the mucus membrane in the rectum.

    Abused Drugs

    • Shabu
    • Marijuana
    • Ecstasy

    Shabu (Methamphetamine Hydrochloride)

    • Other name: Shabu
    • What It Looks Like: crystals or crystalline powder, different colored powders, capsules, resembles Tawas
    • How it's Administered: Smoked, Taken Orally, or Injected

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