normal anatomy: lesson 3 vessels (1)

40 Questions

What is the primary function of arteries in the abdominal vasculature?

Carry blood away from the heart

Which of the following is NOT a layer of an artery or vein wall?

Tunica muscularis

What is the main difference between arteries and veins?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins carry blood to the heart

What is the name of the largest artery in the body?

Aorta

What is the function of the tunica intima?

To provide a smooth surface for blood flow

What is the exception to the three-layer structure of blood vessels?

Capillaries

Why do sonographers scan the aorta?

For reasons not specified in the text

What is the name of the largest vein in the body?

Inferior vena cava

What is the frequency range of the transducer used in an Abdominal ultrasound exam to scan the Aorta?

3.5 to 5 MHz

How long should the patient fast before an Abdominal ultrasound exam to scan the Aorta?

6 to 8 hours

What can be used as a window for the proximal portion of the Aorta during an Abdominal ultrasound exam?

Lt lobe liver

What is the normal size of the proximal Aorta?

2 to 2.5 cm

What is the shape of the normal Aorta?

Tubular

What is the echogenicity of the lumen of the Aorta?

Anechoic

How can the location of the Aorta be determined during an Abdominal ultrasound exam?

By using the branches of the Aorta

What is the normal size of the common iliac arteries?

0.8 to 1.0 cm

What is the location of the origin of the right renal artery relative to the superior mesenteric artery (SMA)?

Just inferior to SMA

Which of the following statements is true about the right renal artery?

It is longer than the left renal artery

What is the significance of the transaortic mid section in ultrasound?

It is a useful landmark to locate the renal arteries

What is the relationship between the left renal vein and the aorta in the transaortic mid section?

The left renal vein courses anteriorly to the aorta

Which of the following is not a branch of the abdominal aorta?

Gastroduodenal artery

What is the direction of the right renal artery relative to the IVC?

It courses posteriorly to the IVC

At which level does the right renal artery originate from the aorta?

Just inferior to the SMA

What is the significance of the transaortic distal section in ultrasound?

It is used to visualize the aortic branches

What is the characteristic of the muscular layer of the gastroesophageal junction in a sonographic evaluation?

Hypoechoic to surrounding tissues

Which anatomical structure is seen in the sagittal view of the proximal aorta?

Right crus

Which of the following is a normal congenital variation of the aorta?

Three renal arteries

What is the location of the gastroesophageal junction in relation to the aorta?

Anterior to the aorta

Which anatomical structure is not usually seen on ultrasound?

Left crus

What is the appearance of the gastroesophageal junction on ultrasound?

Donut or target appearance

What is the location of the right crus in relation to the aorta?

Anterior to the aorta

Which of the following is not a normal congenital variation of the aorta?

Four renal arteries

What is the approximate location of the confluence of the inferior vena cava?

L-5

What is the function of the inferior vena cava?

To return blood from below the diaphragm to the right atrium

Which of the following is a tributary of the inferior vena cava?

Right gonadal vein

What is the typical frequency range of the transducer used to scan the inferior vena cava?

3.5-5.0 MHz

What is the normal size of the inferior vena cava?

Not routinely measured, but should not be > 3.7 cm

What is a common congenital anomaly of the inferior vena cava?

Duplication of the inferior vena cava

What is the typical echogenicity of the inferior vena cava?