normal anatomy: lesson 3 vessels (1)

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What is the primary function of arteries in the abdominal vasculature?

Filter waste from the blood
Carry blood to the heart
Regulate blood pressure
Carry blood away from the heart (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a layer of an artery or vein wall?

Tunica externa
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica muscularis (correct)

What is the main difference between arteries and veins?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins carry blood to the heart (correct)
Arteries have more layers than veins
Veins are smaller than arteries
Arteries are larger than veins

What is the name of the largest artery in the body?

Aorta (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tunica intima?

To provide a smooth surface for blood flow (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the exception to the three-layer structure of blood vessels?

Capillaries (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why do sonographers scan the aorta?

For reasons not specified in the text (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the largest vein in the body?

Inferior vena cava (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency range of the transducer used in an Abdominal ultrasound exam to scan the Aorta?

3.5 to 5 MHz (C) Signup and view all the answers

How long should the patient fast before an Abdominal ultrasound exam to scan the Aorta?

6 to 8 hours (C) Signup and view all the answers

What can be used as a window for the proximal portion of the Aorta during an Abdominal ultrasound exam?

Lt lobe liver (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal size of the proximal Aorta?

2 to 2.5 cm (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the normal Aorta?

Tubular (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the echogenicity of the lumen of the Aorta?

Anechoic (D) Signup and view all the answers

How can the location of the Aorta be determined during an Abdominal ultrasound exam?

By using the branches of the Aorta (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal size of the common iliac arteries?

0.8 to 1.0 cm (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the origin of the right renal artery relative to the superior mesenteric artery (SMA)?

Just inferior to SMA (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the right renal artery?

It is longer than the left renal artery (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the transaortic mid section in ultrasound?

It is a useful landmark to locate the renal arteries (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the left renal vein and the aorta in the transaortic mid section?

The left renal vein courses anteriorly to the aorta (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a branch of the abdominal aorta?

Gastroduodenal artery (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the right renal artery relative to the IVC?

It courses posteriorly to the IVC (A) Signup and view all the answers

At which level does the right renal artery originate from the aorta?

Just inferior to the SMA (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the transaortic distal section in ultrasound?

It is used to visualize the aortic branches (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the muscular layer of the gastroesophageal junction in a sonographic evaluation?

Hypoechoic to surrounding tissues (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure is seen in the sagittal view of the proximal aorta?

Right crus (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a normal congenital variation of the aorta?

Three renal arteries (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the gastroesophageal junction in relation to the aorta?

Anterior to the aorta (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure is not usually seen on ultrasound?

Left crus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance of the gastroesophageal junction on ultrasound?

Donut or target appearance (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the right crus in relation to the aorta?

Anterior to the aorta (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a normal congenital variation of the aorta?

Four renal arteries (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate location of the confluence of the inferior vena cava?

L-5 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the inferior vena cava?

To return blood from below the diaphragm to the right atrium (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a tributary of the inferior vena cava?

Right gonadal vein (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical frequency range of the transducer used to scan the inferior vena cava?

3.5-5.0 MHz (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal size of the inferior vena cava?

Not routinely measured, but should not be > 3.7 cm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common congenital anomaly of the inferior vena cava?

Duplication of the inferior vena cava (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical echogenicity of the inferior vena cava?

Anechoic (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the right renal artery and the inferior vena cava?

The right renal artery is posterior to the inferior vena cava (B) Signup and view all the answers