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Questions and Answers
What does the somatic nervous system primarily control?
What does the somatic nervous system primarily control?
- Hormonal responses in the body
- Skeletal muscles and sense organs (correct)
- Internal organ functions
- Involuntary actions of the heart
Which function do ascending tracts of sensory neurons in the spinal cord perform?
Which function do ascending tracts of sensory neurons in the spinal cord perform?
- Relay sensory information to the brain (correct)
- Maintain homeostatic balance
- Transmit motor commands to muscles
- Control involuntary reflexes
What characterizes a reflex action?
What characterizes a reflex action?
- It requires conscious thought
- It involves a complex brain processing
- It is triggered by a powerful stimulus (correct)
- It is solely controlled by the endocrine system
How does the spinal cord contribute to motor commands?
How does the spinal cord contribute to motor commands?
What is the main role of homeostasis in the body?
What is the main role of homeostasis in the body?
What is a primary function of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
What is a primary function of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
How do interneurons in the spinal cord contribute to reflex actions?
How do interneurons in the spinal cord contribute to reflex actions?
Which of the following best describes the spinal cord?
Which of the following best describes the spinal cord?
What hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands during excitement or stress?
What hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands during excitement or stress?
What is the main function of the male sex gland, the testes, regarding hormones?
What is the main function of the male sex gland, the testes, regarding hormones?
What do ovaries primarily produce aside from eggs?
What do ovaries primarily produce aside from eggs?
Which area of the brain is heavily involved in processing visual information?
Which area of the brain is heavily involved in processing visual information?
Which process involves the detection of electromagnetic energy?
Which process involves the detection of electromagnetic energy?
What does visual accommodation refer to?
What does visual accommodation refer to?
What role do neurons play once visual information reaches the visual cortex?
What role do neurons play once visual information reaches the visual cortex?
What is Weber's Law primarily concerned with?
What is Weber's Law primarily concerned with?
What is a critical period during pregnancy when sexual organs become visible?
What is a critical period during pregnancy when sexual organs become visible?
Which of the following can be classified as teratogens that may harm the embryo and fetus?
Which of the following can be classified as teratogens that may harm the embryo and fetus?
What condition is characterized by developmental effects resulting from maternal alcohol consumption?
What condition is characterized by developmental effects resulting from maternal alcohol consumption?
Which environmental factor is likely to have a detrimental effect on fetal development?
Which environmental factor is likely to have a detrimental effect on fetal development?
What term refers to the mental representation or schema containing knowledge about oneself?
What term refers to the mental representation or schema containing knowledge about oneself?
What does Piaget's theory primarily focus on regarding development?
What does Piaget's theory primarily focus on regarding development?
How can fetal exposure to teratogens be categorized?
How can fetal exposure to teratogens be categorized?
What are the possible effects of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome on development?
What are the possible effects of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome on development?
What function does the amniotic sac serve during embryonic development?
What function does the amniotic sac serve during embryonic development?
What role does the placenta play in embryonic development?
What role does the placenta play in embryonic development?
At what stage does the fetus begin to develop characteristics similar to a human being?
At what stage does the fetus begin to develop characteristics similar to a human being?
What is the primary function of the umbilical cord?
What is the primary function of the umbilical cord?
According to Piaget's theory, how do children acquire knowledge?
According to Piaget's theory, how do children acquire knowledge?
What is meant by 'schemas' in the context of cognitive development?
What is meant by 'schemas' in the context of cognitive development?
What does the process of assimilation involve?
What does the process of assimilation involve?
What abilities begin to develop in a fetus around the ninth week of pregnancy?
What abilities begin to develop in a fetus around the ninth week of pregnancy?
What is a potential duration of insomnia according to the provided information?
What is a potential duration of insomnia according to the provided information?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of sleep apnea?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of sleep apnea?
What effect do barbiturates and benzodiazepines have on sleep cycles?
What effect do barbiturates and benzodiazepines have on sleep cycles?
According to activation-synthesis theory, dreams are primarily understood as:
According to activation-synthesis theory, dreams are primarily understood as:
What type of problems can insomnia be related to?
What type of problems can insomnia be related to?
What is a primary characteristic of a psychoactive drug?
What is a primary characteristic of a psychoactive drug?
Chronic insomnia can result from all the following EXCEPT:
Chronic insomnia can result from all the following EXCEPT:
Which of the following best describes the relationship between sedative use and sleep quality?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between sedative use and sleep quality?
Study Notes
Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
- Division of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) managing external body functions.
- Controls skeletal muscles, skin, and sensory organs.
- Composed mainly of motor nerves that transmit brain signals for muscle contractions.
Spinal Cord
- Long bundle of nerves extending from the brain.
- Contains ascending tracts for sensory information to the brain.
- Includes descending tracts for motor commands from the brain to the body.
Reflexes
- Involuntary movements triggered by powerful stimuli.
- Occur when sensory signals surpass a threshold, activating spinal cord interneurons.
Homeostasis
- The natural equilibrium of the body’s internal systems.
- Maintained by nervous system interactions with the endocrine system, influencing emotions and behavior.
Endocrine System
- Works with sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
- Releases hormones like epinephrine and norepinephrine during stress or excitement.
Testes
- Male sex glands producing testosterone, the primary male hormone.
Ovaries
- Female sex glands responsible for egg production.
- Secrete hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.
Vision
- A significant portion of the cerebral cortex is dedicated to visual processing.
- Visual information is interpreted by neurons that detect colors, shapes, and motion.
Visual Accommodation
- Adjusts the lens curvature for focusing.
Activation-Synthesis Theory
- Suggests dreams are interpretations of random neuron firings in the brain stem.
Psychoactive Drugs
- Chemicals that alter consciousness, perceptions, and moods.
- Include sedatives that can disrupt sleep cycles and promote dependence.
Sleep Apnea
- Disorder characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep lasting over 10 seconds.
Jean Piaget’s Stage Model of Cognitive Development
- Proposes children actively construct understanding of the world through distinct developmental stages.
Schemas
- Patterns of knowledge stored in long-term memory that help organize and respond to information.
Assimilation
- Utilizing existing schemas to incorporate new information.
Accommodation
- Involves modifying schemas to integrate new information.
Teratogens
- Environmental substances that can harm the developing embryo or fetus.
- Include toxins like air pollution, as well as maternal behaviors such as smoking and alcohol consumption.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
- Caused by maternal alcohol intake, leading to developmental issues like facial anomalies and intellectual disabilities.
Environmental Factors
- Factors such as homelessness or poverty can impact fetal development negatively.
Self-Concept
- Represents knowledge about oneself, including beliefs regarding personality, physical traits, and abilities.
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Description
This quiz explores the Somatic Nervous System (SNS) and its role in processing sensory information, controlling skeletal muscles, skin, and sense organs. Test your understanding of the components and functions of the SNS and spinal cord.
