Somatic and Dissociative Disorders Overview

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Questions and Answers

What characterizes somatic symptom disorders?

Physical symptoms with known pathology

Psychological symptoms with demonstrable medical issues

Physical symptoms suggesting medical disease without identifiable organic pathology (correct)

Organic diseases that manifest through emotional distress

How did Freud conceptualize dissociation?

As a result of sleep disorders

As a subconscious defense mechanism for repressed memories (correct)

As an involuntary process unrelated to emotional states

As a form of neurological impairment

Which demographic is most likely affected by conversion disorders?

Equally among genders

Only in individuals with chronic illnesses

More common in women and young adults (correct)

Primarily in older adults

Which statement is true regarding illness anxiety disorder?

Equally common among men and women, mostly in early adulthood Signup and view all the answers

What role do psychological factors have in somatic symptom disorders?

They can precipitate or perpetuate medical conditions Signup and view all the answers

What common feature is observed in dissociative disorders?

Disruptions in consciousness, memory, and identity Signup and view all the answers

During which situations are brief episodes of depersonalization most commonly experienced?

In times of severe stress or sleep deprivation Signup and view all the answers

What does the statement 'exaggeration of real symptoms' in somatic symptom disorder imply?

Emotional issues are expressed through exaggerated physical symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What biochemical factors may contribute to somatic symptom disorder, particularly related to pain?

Decreased levels of serotonin and endorphins Signup and view all the answers

In the context of conversion disorder, what does the term 'conversion' refer to?

The transformation of emotional trauma into physical symptoms Signup and view all the answers

How does the learning theory explain the reinforcement of somatic complaints?

Sick individuals learn to avoid responsibilities and gain attention. Signup and view all the answers

What psychological reason does psychodynamic theory provide for physical complaints in anxiety disorders?

They express feelings of low self-esteem and worthlessness. Signup and view all the answers

What symptoms are characteristic of depersonalization-derealization disorder?

Altered perception of reality and temporary change in self-awareness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential outcome in dysfunctional family dynamics when a child falls ill?

Shift of focus from unresolved issues to the child's illness Signup and view all the answers

Illness anxiety disorder may be predisposed by which of the following experiences?

Experience with serious or life-threatening physical illness Signup and view all the answers

What symptom may accompany depersonalization-derealization disorder?

Disturbance in the subjective sense of time Signup and view all the answers

What defines intimate partner violence (IPV)?

A pattern of abusive behavior to gain control over a partner. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the tension-building phase in the cycle of battering?

Victim becoming non-compliant and rebellious. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common psychological effect experienced by victims of IPV, especially regarding their ability to take action?

Learned helplessness. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the profile of an IPV perpetrator?

Their behavior may include pathologically jealous and possessive tendencies. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is commonly associated with the victim profile in IPV situations?

Acceptance of blame for the abuse. Signup and view all the answers

What typically occurs during the acute battering phase of IPV?

The violence is at its peak and may last short. Signup and view all the answers

Which societal influences are linked to intimate partner violence?

Prolonged unemployment and family breakdown. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the socioeconomic status of IPV victims?

Victims can come from any socioeconomic level. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Trauma-Informed Care?

To accommodate the vulnerabilities of trauma survivors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the Four R’s of Trauma-Informed Care?

Regulate trauma history screening Signup and view all the answers

What role do Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) Nurses fulfill?

Provide evaluation, care, and advocacy for victims Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior is essential to prevent re-traumatization according to Trauma-Informed Care principles?

Involving patients in all decisions related to their care Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main goals of the Sanctuary Model in trauma care?

To support children exposed to violence, abuse, and trauma Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the impact of trauma on individuals?

Trauma significantly affects memory and emotional regulation Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of the SANE nurse’s responsibilities?

Collecting and preserving evidence related to the assault Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best reflects the approach of Trauma-Informed Care?

Policies and procedures that are informed by trauma knowledge Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age of onset for Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)?

6 years old Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common pharmacological intervention for Tourette's disorder?

Antidepressants Signup and view all the answers

What factor is primarily associated with the development of Oppositional Defiant Disorder?

Hostile parenting styles Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior is a diagnostic criterion for Conduct Disorder?

Aggression towards animals Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of Tourette's disorder's onset?

Frequently begins around age 6 or 7 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a nonpharmacological intervention for managing Tourette's disorder?

Behavioral therapy Signup and view all the answers

What prevalence rate is estimated for Conduct Disorder?

2%-10% Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Conduct Disorder, which is NOT a common comorbidity?

Personality disorders Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders

Somatic symptom disorders involve physical symptoms without a clear medical cause.
Dissociative disorders affect consciousness, memory, and identity.
Historically, somatic symptoms were linked to hysteria and repressed anxiety.
Freud saw dissociation as a defense mechanism to block threatening thoughts.
Somatic symptom disorders were thought to be more common in women but might be due to reporting differences.
Conversion disorders are more frequent in women and young adults.
Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis) is equally common in men and women, often starting in early adulthood.
Dissociative disorders are rare, but brief depersonalization experiences are common among young adults.
Psychological factors can exacerbate medical conditions.
Decreased serotonin and endorphins are related to somatic symptom disorder, especially pain.
Brain dysfunction (impaired processing) is connected to factitious disorder.
Psychodynamic theory links illness to low self-esteem and defense mechanisms.
Conversion disorder may translate trauma into physical symptoms.
Family dynamics: illness serves as a distraction from underlying issues, reinforcing unhealthy patterns.

Depersonalization- Derealization Disorder

Experiences of unreality, detachment, and altered body image.
Depersonalization is a disruption in the sense of self.
Derealization involves altered perception of the environment.
Symptoms often include anxiety, depression, fear of insanity, obsessive thoughts, somatic complaints and time distortion.

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)

9% of homicides are committed by intimate partners.
A pattern of control through physical, sexual, emotional, economic, or psychological abuse.
Victims exhibit low self-esteem, accept blame, and may have experienced abuse in childhood.
Perpetrators also have low self-esteem, exhibit jealousy, and use intimidation tactics.
The cycle of battering involves tension-building, acute battering, and honeymoon phases.

Sexual Violence: Forensic Nursing

Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners (SANEs) provide specialized care, evaluation, and advocacy for victims.
They investigate wounds, collect evidence, preserve it, and testify in court.

Trauma-Informed Care (TIC)

A framework for incorporating trauma awareness into care.
Recognizes everyone's unique response to trauma and focuses on "fight or flight" responses.
Aims to avoid retraumatization and empower survivors.
The Four R’s: Realize, Screen, Understand, Respond, and Resist re-traumatization.

TIC: Sanctuary Model

An institutional model designed for individuals exposed to violence and trauma.
Implemented in various settings, including residential facilities, schools, shelters, and healthcare facilities.
Focuses on creating a safe and supportive environment.

Tourette's Disorder

Characterized by involuntary motor and vocal tics.
Onset typically in childhood, with peak severity during preteen and teen years.
Predisposing factors include genetic, biochemical, and environmental influences.
Treatment involves a combination of behavioral therapy, individual and family counseling, and medications.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

A pattern of defiance, hostility, and blame.
Onset around 6 years old, but symptoms may begin earlier.
Related to parenting styles (hostile or controlling).
Treatment includes family-based, social training, and pharmacological interventions.

Conduct Disorder

Persistent pattern of violating others' rights and societal rules.
Physical aggression, disrupted peer relationships, and a prevalence of 2-10%.
More common in males, particularly with early onset.
Co-occurs with ADHD, mood disorders, learning disabilities, and substance use.
Diagnostic features are categorized into aggression, destruction, deceitfulness, and rule violations.
Often involves disregard for authority, impulsivity, and lack of remorse.
Treatment focuses on family therapy, behavioral interventions, and medication.

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Description

This quiz covers the key concepts of somatic symptom and dissociative disorders, focusing on their definitions, historical perspectives, and the psychological factors involved. Explore how these disorders manifest in individuals and their implications for health and identity. Understand the differences and commonalities between these conditions and the demographics they affect.