Solvation with Water - Chemistry Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of solvation?

Solvation is the combination of a solvent with the molecules of the solute.

What causes the partial positive and negative charges of water?

The unequal sharing of electrons between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms creates partial positive and negative charges.

Water's partial charges make it a nonpolar molecule.

False (B)

Charged ions are attracted to the oxygen pole of water.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water is a good solvent for both polar and nonpolar substances.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of hydration shell?

<p>A hydration shell is a sphere of water molecules surrounding a dissolved ion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term "movement of water molecules in both directions"?

<p>Water molecules constantly move and exchange positions with each other in a solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions

<p>Solute = The component present in the smaller amount Solvent = The component present in the larger amount Solution = A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances Solvation = The process of a solvent interacting with the molecules of solute</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Solvation

The process of a solvent (like water) combining with molecules or ions of a solute.

Water's polarity

Water has a partial negative charge at the oxygen atom and a partial positive charge at the hydrogen atoms.

Polar solute

A solute that can dissolve in water due to water's polarity, because the positive part of water attracts negative parts of the solute, and negative parts attract positive parts.

Charged ions

Ions are dissolved by water by the attraction of the water's charged ends to the ions' charged ends.

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Hydration shells

Water molecules surrounding and separating ions or charged molecules from clumping.

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Solvent

The substance that dissolves another substance (solute).

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Solute

The substance that is dissolved by the solvent.

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Molecular Movement

Molecules in a liquid constantly move and change positions.

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Solution Movement

Water movement in a solution is restricted by interactions with the solute.

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Bi-directional movement

Water can move in both directions between solutions.

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Study Notes

Solvation with Water

  • Solvation is the process where a solvent combines with the molecules or ions of a solute
  • Water's polarity is key to its solvation properties
  • Water has a partial negative charge at the oxygen pole and a partial positive charge at the hydrogen pole
  • Positive ions are attracted to the oxygen pole, and negative ions are attracted to the hydrogen pole
  • These attractions form hydration shells around ions and charged molecules, preventing clumping and precipitation

Water Movement in Solutions

  • Molecules in a liquid can move and change their position, but intermolecular attractions prevent them from separating
  • In a solution, the attraction between water molecules and the solute restricts water movement
  • Water moves between solutions, but the movement is present in both directions, always

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