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Questions and Answers
What characterizes semi-polar solvents?
What characterizes semi-polar solvents?
Which of the following is true about semi-polar solvents?
Which of the following is true about semi-polar solvents?
How is the concentration of a solution expressed in weight by weight percent (% w/w) calculated?
How is the concentration of a solution expressed in weight by weight percent (% w/w) calculated?
What does mole fraction (X) of a solute represent?
What does mole fraction (X) of a solute represent?
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In calculating mole percent, what does the numerator represent?
In calculating mole percent, what does the numerator represent?
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Study Notes
Expressing Solubility
- Solubility of a solute can be expressed in terms of molarity, molality, and percent by weight.
- Molarity is the number of moles of solute contained in 1 liter of solution.
- Molality is the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1000 g of solvent.
- Percent by weight is the mass of solute per 100 g of solution.
Mole Fraction and Mole Percent
- Mole fraction (X) of a solute is the ratio of the number of moles of solute to the total number of moles of solute and solvent.
- Mole fraction of solute = No. of moles of solute / (No. of moles of solute + No. of moles of solvent)
- Mole percent of solute = X1 x 100
- Mole percent of solvent = X2 x 100
Normality
- Normality is the number of gram equivalents of solute per liter of solution.
- Gram equivalent mass = Molar mass / Equivalence factor
Solubility Calculations
- Problem 1: Molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 75.5 g of KOH in 450 ml of solution.
- Problem 2: Weight of HCl present in 150 ml of a 0.5 molar solution.
- Problem 3: Molality of a solution made by dissolving 1.45 g of sucrose in 30 ml of water.
- Problem 4: Mole fraction of HCl of a solution containing 36% HCl by weight.
Semi-Polar Solvents
- Semi-polar solvents have strong dipoles but cannot break ionic or covalent bonds.
- Examples of semi-polar solvents: Ketones.
- They can increase the solubility of benzene in water and castor oil in water.
Concentration of a Solution
- Percent by weight: % = mass of solute / mass of solution x 100
- Percent by volume: % w/v = mass of solute / volume of solution x 100
- Percent volume by volume: % v/v = volume of solute / volume of solution x 100
- Parts per million (PPM): ratio of parts of solute per 1 million parts of the solution
- 1 PPM = 1 milligram / liter (mg/L) = 1 milligram / kilogram (mg/Kg)
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Description
Test your knowledge on calculating solubility of a solute in terms of molarity, molality, percent by weight, mole fraction, and mole percent. Solve problems involving molarity and weight of solute in a solution.
