Solutions and Solvents Quiz

Pure Substances & Mixtures

• Matter can be classified based on its physical characteristics.
• Pure substances and mixtures affect society and the environment.
• The particle theory of matter explains the physical characteristics of matter.
• Understanding matter's characteristics leads to informed choices about its use.

Solutions, Solvents & Solutes

• A solution is a homogeneous mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent.
• The solvent is the substance in which the solute dissolves to form a homogeneous mixture. It's present in a larger quantity.
• The solute is the substance that dissolves in the solvent to form a homogeneous mixture. It's present in the smaller quantity.
• Solutions can be liquid, solid, or gas, depending on the solute and solvent.

Lesson Goals

• Understand that a solution is a mixture that looks like a pure substance.
• Understand the difference between a solute and a solvent.
• Analyze the impact solvents have on the environment.
• Use scientific inquiry skills to classify matter as a solute or solvent.

Minds On

• Lemonade is used as an example of a solution.
• The parts of the lemonade solution (water and lemonade powder) are considered.
• Whether the parts are elements, compounds, homogeneous or heterogeneous is reviewed.

Solutions

• A solution is a homogeneous mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent.
• The solvent is the substance present in the larger quantity.
• The solute is the substance dissolved in the solvent.
• Liquids like water or vegetable oil are often solvents in food preparation.

Liquid Solutions

• Water is the most common solvent on Earth.
• Other solvents include ethanol, turpentine, and ethyl acetate.
• Solutes can be solids, liquids, or gases.
  • Examples of solid solutes: salt and sugar.
  • Example of a liquid solute: acetic acid (in vinegar).
  • Examples of gaseous solutes: carbon dioxide and nitrogen.

Solutions - Examples

• Brass alloy: Zinc in copper
• Amalgam: Mercury in silver
• Antifreeze in radiator: Ethylene glycol in water
• Carbonated beverages: CO2 in water
• Bronze: Tin dissolved in copper
• Sugar water: Sugar dissolved in water
• Alcoholic drinks: Alcohol dissolved in water
• Saltwater: Salt dissolved in water
• Air: many gases in nitrogen

Solute, Solvent & Solution

• Solutions are visualized as having a solute (e.g., salt) dissolved into a solvent (e.g., water).

Recap

• Salt (solute) dissolves in water (solvent) to form a salt solution.

Water: The Universal Solvent

• Water dissolves more substances than any other solvent and is thus called "the universal solvent".
• Tap water contains many solutes (iron, aluminium, salt, Fluorine, calcium, magnesium, and chlorine).
• Water picks up solutes as it flows through rivers, lakes, underground, and from the air.
• Pollutants can also dissolve in water.

Solid Solutions

• Solutions can also be solid.
• Alloys are solid solutions of two or more metals.
• Examples include 14 karat gold and brass (copper and zinc).
• In brass, copper is the solvent; zinc is the solute.
• In bronze, copper is the solvent; tin is the solute.

Gas Solutions

• Air is a gas solution with nitrogen, oxygen, and argon as the major components.
• Other gas solutions exist, such as gasoline-air mixtures or perfumes.

Your Task (Additional Information)

• Students are instructed to consolidate their learning by completing tasks on Google Classroom.

Solubility

• Solutes, which can dissolve in a solvent, can be solid, liquid or gas.
  • The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a certain temperature is the solubility.
  • A saturated solution has the maximum amount of solute dissolved.
  • An unsaturated solution can dissolve more solute.

Solubility Lab

• Solvents are soluble in specific solvents when the solute and solvent particles are attracted to each other.
• If solute and solvent particles are not strongly attracted to each other, certain behaviors will likely result.

5.5 Lab Take Up

• A lab task is outlined.

Concentration and Solubility

• These are distinct concepts.
• Concentration describes the quantity of solute per volume of a solution.
• Solubility is the quantity of solute per volume of a solvent at a certain temperature.

Concentrated and Dilute Solutions

• "Concentrated" and "dilute" describe how much solute is in a particular volume of solution.
• A concentrated solution has a large amount of solute.
• A dilute solution has a small amount of solute.

Calculating Concentration

• The concentration is the mass of solute in 100 mL of solution.

Calculating Concentration - Examples

• Examples of calculating the concentration of solutions are provided.

Saturated and Unsaturated Solutions

• A saturated solution is a solution that has the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a certain temperature.
• An unsaturated solution can dissolve more solute.

Solubility

• Solvents dissolve a limit of a substance at a given temperature.
• Solubility measures the maximum mass of solute per 100 mL of solvent.

Solubility - Distinguishing Characteristics

• Concentration is expressed as mass of solute/volume of solution.
• Solubility represents the mass of solute/volume of solvent.