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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects solubility?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects solubility?
In a saltwater solution, which substance is the solvent?
In a saltwater solution, which substance is the solvent?
What happens to the solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent when the temperature of the solvent increases?
What happens to the solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent when the temperature of the solvent increases?
What happens to the solubility of a gas in a liquid solvent when the pressure increases?
What happens to the solubility of a gas in a liquid solvent when the pressure increases?
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What does it mean to dilute a solution?
What does it mean to dilute a solution?
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Which of these is an example of a solution where the solute is a solid and the solvent is a liquid?
Which of these is an example of a solution where the solute is a solid and the solvent is a liquid?
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Which of these is an example of a solution where the solute and solvent are both solids?
Which of these is an example of a solution where the solute and solvent are both solids?
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What happens to a sugar cube when stirred into water compared to sugar powder?
What happens to a sugar cube when stirred into water compared to sugar powder?
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What defines a concentrated solution?
What defines a concentrated solution?
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Which type of solution can dissolve additional solute?
Which type of solution can dissolve additional solute?
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What is the result of cooling a supersaturated solution?
What is the result of cooling a supersaturated solution?
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What is the first step in the paper chromatography process?
What is the first step in the paper chromatography process?
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Which separation method uses filter paper to separate liquids from solids?
Which separation method uses filter paper to separate liquids from solids?
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What occurs during the distillation process?
What occurs during the distillation process?
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What does fractional distillation do during crude oil refining?
What does fractional distillation do during crude oil refining?
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What is the main purpose of evaporation in a homogeneous solution?
What is the main purpose of evaporation in a homogeneous solution?
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When a solution becomes saturated, what does it mean?
When a solution becomes saturated, what does it mean?
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What is the primary use of magnetism in separation methods?
What is the primary use of magnetism in separation methods?
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Which example demonstrates a diluted solution?
Which example demonstrates a diluted solution?
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What is the final result after crystallization in the rock candy process?
What is the final result after crystallization in the rock candy process?
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What happens when the solvent reaches its boiling point during distillation?
What happens when the solvent reaches its boiling point during distillation?
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Which of the following is the solute in a hot chocolate mixture?
Which of the following is the solute in a hot chocolate mixture?
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Increasing the temperature of a solvent decreases the solubility of solid solutes.
Increasing the temperature of a solvent decreases the solubility of solid solutes.
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What role does the solvent play in a solution?
What role does the solvent play in a solution?
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In a soda can, the carbon dioxide is the ______ and the water is the ______.
In a soda can, the carbon dioxide is the ______ and the water is the ______.
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What is the end result of making rock candy?
What is the end result of making rock candy?
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A saturated solution can dissolve more solute with increased temperature.
A saturated solution can dissolve more solute with increased temperature.
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What is the purpose of filtration in separating mixtures?
What is the purpose of filtration in separating mixtures?
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A solution is considered ______ when it contains more solute than the solvent can dilute.
A solution is considered ______ when it contains more solute than the solvent can dilute.
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Match the separation method with its description:
Match the separation method with its description:
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Which method would you use to determine the number of substances in a mixture?
Which method would you use to determine the number of substances in a mixture?
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Supersaturated solutions are formed by cooling a saturated solution.
Supersaturated solutions are formed by cooling a saturated solution.
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What does it mean when a solution is described as unsaturated?
What does it mean when a solution is described as unsaturated?
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During the distillation process, the solvent vapor is collected in a ______.
During the distillation process, the solvent vapor is collected in a ______.
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What is the common application of evaporation in solution separation?
What is the common application of evaporation in solution separation?
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Magnetism can be used to separate components in a liquid mixture.
Magnetism can be used to separate components in a liquid mixture.
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What happens to the solute during the distillation process?
What happens to the solute during the distillation process?
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In fractional distillation, different ______ of crude oil are separated based on their boiling points.
In fractional distillation, different ______ of crude oil are separated based on their boiling points.
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Match the type of solution with its definition:
Match the type of solution with its definition:
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Which of the following statements is true about solvents in a solution?
Which of the following statements is true about solvents in a solution?
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Heating a solvent decreases the solubility of solid materials.
Heating a solvent decreases the solubility of solid materials.
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In a brass alloy, what are the solute and solvent?
In a brass alloy, what are the solute and solvent?
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In a soda can, carbon dioxide acts as the ______ and water acts as the ______.
In a soda can, carbon dioxide acts as the ______ and water acts as the ______.
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What effect does increasing the pressure have on gases dissolved in liquids?
What effect does increasing the pressure have on gases dissolved in liquids?
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Match the following substances with their respective solutes in common solutions:
Match the following substances with their respective solutes in common solutions:
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The size of solute particles has no effect on the dissolving process.
The size of solute particles has no effect on the dissolving process.
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What happens to the concentration of a solution when more solvent is added?
What happens to the concentration of a solution when more solvent is added?
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Study Notes
Solutions and Mixtures
- Solution: A homogeneous mixture appearing as one substance but composed of two or more pure substances.
- Solute: The substance being dissolved, the smaller part of the solution.
- Solvent: The substance doing the dissolving, the larger part of the solution.
Examples of Solutions
- Saltwater: Salt (solute) dissolved in water (solvent).
- Hot Chocolate: Hot chocolate powder (solute) dissolved in water/milk (solvent).
- Vinegar: Acetic acid (solute) dissolved in water (solvent).
- Ink: Pigments/dyes (solute) dissolved in water (solvent).
- Brass: Zinc (solute) dissolved in copper (solvent).
Factors Affecting Solubility
- Concentration: The amount of solute compared to the solvent. Higher concentration leads to less solubility because there's a limit to how much solute can dissolve. A concentrated solution has a large amount of solute relative to the solvent, while a diluted solution has less solute.
- Temperature: Higher temperatures generally increase the solubility of most solids in liquids and decrease the solubility of most gases. Warmer solvents have faster-moving particles, leading to more collisions and faster dissolving. Increased temperature also allows for more space in the solvent for the solute.
- Pressure: Higher pressure increases the solubility of gases in liquids. This is seen in carbonated drinks.
- Size: Smaller solute particles dissolve faster because the solvent can interact with a greater surface area. A powder dissolves faster than a solid cube because of a larger exposed surface area.
Types of Solutions
- Unsaturated: The solution can dissolve more solute.
- Saturated: The solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature.
- Supersaturated: The solution contains more solute than it can normally hold at a given temperature; this is unstable and crystals can form.
Making Rock Candy
- Rock candy is made by creating a supersaturated sugar solution, allowing crystals to form.
Separating Mixtures
- Paper Chromatography: Separates mixtures based on how different components interact with the stationary phase (paper) and mobile phase (liquid solvent). Used to identify and quantify components. Applications include food industry analysis and identifying chemical structures.
- Filtration: Separates insoluble solids from liquids using filter paper to trap the solid. Applications include water treatment and separating solids like stones/particles from fluids.
- Evaporation: Separates a soluble solid from a liquid by boiling away the liquid. Used for recovering salt from saltwater and collecting pure water/removes bacteria.
- Magnetism: Separates mixtures of magnetic and non-magnetic materials using a magnet. Applications include removing metal bits from rocks or sand.
- Distillation: Separates a liquid from a dissolved solid. The liquid is boiled, its vapor is condensed, and the pure liquid is collected. This process removes solutes like salt from solvents like water, used in desalination processes.
- Fractional Distillation: Separates components of a liquid mixture with different boiling points, like separating crude oil into its various products.
Rock Candy Procedure
- A supersaturated sugar solution is heated, cooled, and a sugar crystal is used to help the sugar crystallize to form rock candy crystals.
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Description
Test your understanding of solutions and mixtures with this quiz. Explore various examples, definitions of solute and solvent, and factors affecting solubility. Perfect for students studying chemistry concepts related to mixtures.
