82 Questions
Which of the following best describes the primary function of the cell membrane?
To be semipermeable
What is the process by which glucose and oxygen are converted into ATP and carbon dioxide?
Cellular respiration
What is the primary function of mitochondria?
To carry out cellular respiration
Which characteristic of life refers to the ability to sense and respond to changes in the external environment?
Irritability
What is the waste product of cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide
What is the term for the ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment?
Homeostasis
What is the process by which the cell takes in raw materials from the environment, breaks them down, and builds what it needs?
Metabolism
Which of the following is a characteristic of a hypertonic solution?
It has a higher concentration of solutes than the cell
Which of the following is an example of a hypertonic solution?
Salad dressing
Which of the following is a characteristic of a hypotonic solution?
It has a lower concentration of solutes than the cell
Which of the following is an example of a hypotonic solution?
D5W
Which of the following is a characteristic of an isotonic solution?
It has an equal concentration of solutes as the cell
Which of the following is an example of an isotonic solution?
Normal saline
Which of the following is a characteristic of active transport?
It requires energy
Which process involves the transport of material from inside the cell to the outside?
Exocytosis
What is the fluid that is inside the cells called?
Intracellular fluid
Which process involves the cell 'eating' and getting rid of foreign particles/dead cells?
Phagocytosis
What is the fluid that is drained from body tissue and travels in lymph vessels called?
Lymph
Which process involves the cell 'drinking' and transporting large proteins from outside the cell to inside the cell?
Pinocytosis
What is the fluid located between the cells in tissues all over the body called?
Interstitial fluid
Which of the following is true about proteins?
Proteins are made up of many repeating units called amino acids.
Which of the following is true about the shape of proteins?
The shape of a protein is important for its function.
Which of the following is true about catalysts?
Catalysts are proteins that help chemical reactions happen faster.
Which of the following is true about mutations?
Mutations are variations in genes that result in different proteins being made.
Which of the following is true about cancer?
Cancer is caused by mutations that result in uncontrolled cell division.
Which of the following is true about mixtures?
Mixtures are combinations of compounds that are not bound to each other.
Which of the following is true about solutions?
Solutions are homogeneous mixtures where one substance is dissolved in another.
Which of the following is true about proteins?
Proteins are composed of amino acids bonded together to form polypeptides
What is the term for a substance that helps chemical reactions happen faster?
Catalyst
Which of the following best describes an enzyme?
A protein catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions
What is the term for a variation in a gene that results in a different protein being made?
Mutation
Which of the following is true about solutions?
Solutions are mixtures in which one substance is evenly distributed in another
What is the term for a solution that has the same overall concentration of solutes as the cell?
Isotonic solution
What is the term for a mixture in which substances are not evenly distributed?
Heterogeneous mixture
Which of the following is a characteristic of life that refers to the ability to sense or monitor changes in the external environment and respond to them?
Motility
Which of the following is the primary function of the cell membrane?
To be semipermeable
What is the waste product of cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide
What is the process by which the cell takes in raw materials from the environment, breaks them down into usable building blocks, and builds what it needs?
Anabolism
What is the term for the ability to maintain a stable/ balanced/ consistent internal environment in spite of a constantly changing external environment?
Homeostasis
What is the primary function of mitochondria?
To produce ATP
What is a supplemental oxygen?
Air we breathe is 21% oxygen
Which of the following is true about endocytosis?
It is the process by which the cell 'eats' and gets rid of foreign particles/dead cells
What is the term for the fluid that is drained from body tissue and travels in lymph vessels?
Lymph
Which of the following is true about fluid compartments?
Extracellular fluid accounts for about 2/3 - 3/4 of all body fluid
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
To provide a protective barrier for the cell
Which of the following is a characteristic of a hypertonic solution?
It has a higher solute concentration than the cell
What is the fluid that is inside the cells called?
Intracellular fluid
What is the waste product of cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide
Which of the following is true about solutions?
Solutions can be solid, liquid, or gas
Which of the following is an example of active transport?
Bulk transport
Which of the following is true about osmosis?
It is the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a place where water is present in high concentration to a place where it is present in low concentration
Which of the following is a characteristic of facilitated diffusion?
It moves material through the cell membrane by using protein carriers
Which of the following is true about filtration?
It is the movement of a solution (water + dissolved materials) through a membrane as a result of a mechanical force or pressure
Which of the following is an example of a hypertonic solution?
Salad dressing
Which of the following is true about active transport?
It requires energy
Which of the following is true about bulk transport?
It requires energy
Which of the following is a characteristic of life that refers to the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment?
Homeostasis
What is the waste product of cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide
What is the primary function of mitochondria?
To produce ATP
Which of the following is true about the pH scale?
The pH scale measures acidity or alkalinity on a scale of 0-14.
Which of the following is true about facilitated diffusion?
Facilitated diffusion is faster than simple diffusion due to the presence of transporter proteins.
Which of the following is true about active transport?
Active transport uses a type of transporter molecule called a pump.
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
Energy production
Which of the following is true about catalysts?
They are enzymes that only work on a specific substance called a substrate
Which of the following is true about solutions?
They are mixtures in which one substance is evenly distributed in another
Which of the following is true about exocytosis?
It involves the transport of material from inside the cell to the outside.
What is the fluid that cushions and protects the brain and spinal cord called?
Cerebrospinal fluid
What is the fluid located between the cells in tissues all over the body called?
Interstitial fluid
What is the fluid found in blood vessels called?
Blood plasma
Which of the following is an example of exocytosis?
Transport of material from inside the cell to the outside
What is the primary function of interstitial fluid?
To drain fluid from body tissues
Which of the following is true about the intracellular fluid?
It makes up about 2/3 - 3/4 of all body fluid
Which process involves the cell 'eating' and getting rid of foreign particles or dead cells?
Phagocytosis
Which process involves the cell 'drinking' and transporting large proteins from outside the cell to inside the cell?
Pinocytosis
Which process involves the transport of material from inside the cell to the outside?
Exocytosis
Which fluid compartment is located inside the cells?
Intracellular Fluid
Which fluid compartment includes all fluids found outside the cells?
Extracellular Fluid
Which fluid compartment is drained from body tissue and travels in lymph vessels?
Lymph
Which fluid compartment is located between the cells in tissues all over the body?
Interstitial fluid
Which fluid compartment is found in blood vessels?
Extracellular Fluid
What is the primary function of interstitial fluid?
To be located between the cells in tissues all over the body
What is the process by which the cell takes in raw materials from the environment, breaks them down, and builds what it needs?
Endocytosis
Study Notes
Characteristics of Life, Proteins, Chemistry of the Cell, Transport Mechanisms
- Characteristics of life include irritability, motility, metabolism, homeostasis, growth, and reproduction.
- The primary function of the cell membrane is to be semi-permeable, allowing some substances through while keeping others out.
- Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration, where glucose and oxygen are converted into ATP and carbon dioxide.
- Proteins are made up of amino acids and have various functions, including structural support, antibody production, and enzyme activity.
- Enzymes are protein catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body.
- Mutations in genes can result in the production of different proteins, such as in the case of hemoglobin.
- Cancer is caused by mutations that lead to uncontrolled cell division, particularly in fast-dividing epithelial tissue.
- Mixtures can be separated by physical means, and can be homogeneous or heterogeneous.
- Solutions are homogeneous mixtures in which one substance is dissolved in another, such as saline or dextrose in water.
- Electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and iron, play important roles in nerve impulses, muscle contraction, and other physiological processes.
- Transport mechanisms in cells can be passive, such as diffusion and facilitated diffusion, or active, such as active transport.
- Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, to equalize the water content.
- Filtration is the movement of a solution through a membrane under mechanical force or pressure, such as in the kidneys.
Test your knowledge on different types of solutions and their effects on cells with this quiz! Learn about hypertonic and hypotonic solutions and how they impact cell size and function.
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