Soluble and Insoluble Salts

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Questions and Answers

What process is used to obtain soluble salts as crystals?

  • Evaporation (correct)
  • Precipitation
  • Distillation
  • Filtration

All salts are soluble in water.

False (B)

Which of the following salts is generally considered insoluble?

  • Sodium chloride
  • Potassium nitrate
  • Barium sulfate (correct)
  • Ammonium carbonate

Insoluble salts are made by mixing reactants in solution in a process called ______.

<p>precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the insoluble product formed during a precipitation reaction?

<p>Precipitate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between barium chloride and magnesium sulfate.

<p>BaCl2(aq) + MgSO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) + MgCl2(aq)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ionic equation includes spectator ions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ions are considered spectator ions in the reaction between barium chloride and magnesium sulfate?

<p>Magnesium and chloride ions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the step with its description in the process of making barium sulfate:

<p>Make solutions of barium chloride and magnesium sulfate. = Prepare the reactants in aqueous form. Mix the solutions. = Combine the solutions to initiate precipitation. Filter the mixture. = Separate the solid precipitate from the liquid. Rinse the precipitate. = Remove impurities from the solid precipitate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of rinsing the precipitate with distilled water?

<p>To remove impurities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Heating the precipitate in a warm oven is the first step in making barium sulfate.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct representation of the net ionic equation for the formation of barium sulfate?

<p>$Ba^{2+}(aq) + SO_4^{2-}(aq) \rightarrow BaSO_4(s)$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Salts containing all sodium, potassium, and ammonium are generally ______.

<p>soluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is soluble?

<p>Sodium nitrate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All carbonates are soluble in water.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to use distilled water when rinsing the precipitate?

<p>Distilled water does not contain ions that could introduce impurities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define the term 'spectator ion' in the context of a precipitation reaction.

<p>Ions that are present in the reaction mixture but do not participate in the formation of the precipitate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction is the formation of barium sulfate from barium chloride and magnesium sulfate?

<p>Precipitation reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Silver chloride is insoluble in water except in the presence of chloride, ______, and iodides.

<p>bromides</p> Signup and view all the answers

The precipitation of barium sulfate is a slow reaction.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Insoluble Salts

Salts that do not dissolve well in a solvent.

Soluble Salts

Salts that dissolve readily in a solvent.

Precipitation

Insoluble salts formed by mixing reactants in a solution.

Precipitate

The insoluble product formed during precipitation.

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Spectator Ions

Ions that do not participate in a chemical reaction.

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Step 1 of Making Barium Sulfate

Dissolving barium chloride and magnesium sulfate in water.

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Step 2 of Making Barium Sulfate

The barium and sulfate ions combine to form barium sulfate.

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Step 3 of Making Barium Sulfate

Trapping insoluble barium sulfate solid on special paper.

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Step 4 of Making Barium Sulfate

Removing impurities from the barium sulfate.

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Step 5 of Making Barium Sulfate

Removing any remaining water from the barium sulfate.

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Study Notes

  • Not all salts are soluble

  • Salts can be obtained as crystals by evaporating solutions

  • Some salts are insoluble

  • Soluble Salts:

  • All sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts

  • All nitrates

  • All chlorides, bromides, and iodides(halides)

  • Sulfates...

  • Sodium, potassium, and ammonium carbonates

  • Insoluble Salts:

  • Chlorides, bromides, and iodides of silver

  • Calcium, barium, and lead sulfate

  • All other carbonates

Making Insoluble Salts by Precipitation

  • Insoluble salts can be made by precipitation
  • Precipitation occurs when mixing reactants in solution gives an insoluble product
  • The insoluble product is called the precipitate
  • Barium sulfate is insoluble

Example: Making Barium Sulfate

  • Reactants: Solutions of barium chloride (BaCl2) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)
  • Barium chloride (BaCl2) solution contains barium ions (Ba2+) and chloride ions (Cl-)
  • Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) solution contains magnesium ions (Mg2+) and sulfate ions (SO42-)
  • The equation for the reaction: BaCl2(aq) + MgSO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) + MgCl2(aq)
  • The ionic equation: Ba2+(aq) + SO42-(aq) → BaSO4(s)
  • Magnesium and chloride ions are spectator ions because they do not take part in the reaction

Steps in Making Barium Sulfate

  • Make solutions of barium chloride and magnesium sulfate
  • Mix the solutions and a white precipitate of barium sulfate immediately forms
  • Filter the mixture; the precipitate is trapped in the filter paper
  • Rinse the precipitate by running distilled water through it
  • Dry precipitate in a warm oven

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