Solubility and Distribution Phenomena Quiz

10 Questions

What is the quantitative definition of solubility?

The concentration of solute in a saturated solution at a certain temperature

What type of solution is one containing the dissolved solute in a concentration below that necessary for complete saturation at a definite temperature?

Unsaturated solution

What happens if a mixture, initially containing 100 grams of dissolved glucose at 25 °C, is slowly cooled back to 25 °C?

Glucose precipitates after a long time

What effect does the addition of electrolytes and non-electrolytes have on gaseous solutions?

It increases the liberation of gases from the solutions due to reduced aqueous environment adjacent to the gas molecules.

In which type of solution do the components obey Raoult's law and have adhesive forces equal to cohesive forces?

Ideal solution

What is the characteristic of a negative deviated solution?

Adhesive forces are much greater than cohesive forces

Under what conditions do liquid-liquid systems show complete miscibility?

When the liquids dissolve completely into each other

Why is water able to dissolve NaCl but chloroform and benzene cannot?

Water has a high dielectric constant, reducing the force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Why are non polar solvents like benzene unable to dissolve ionic compounds?

Non polar solvents have low dielectric constants, which cannot disrupt the ionic bonds.

Why is water capable of dissolving phenols, alcohols, and other oxygen & nitrogen containing compounds?

Water can form hydrogen bonds with these compounds due to their ability to act as a polar solvent.

Study Notes

Solubility

Quantitative definition of solubility: Not explicitly stated, but implied to be the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature.

Types of Solutions

Solution containing dissolved solute in a concentration below that necessary for complete saturation at a definite temperature: Undersaturated solution.

Solution Behavior

If a mixture, initially containing 100 grams of dissolved glucose at 25 °C, is slowly cooled back to 25 °C: Precipitation of glucose occurs, as the solubility of glucose decreases with decreasing temperature.

Effects of Electrolytes and Non-Electrolytes

Addition of electrolytes and non-electrolytes to gaseous solutions: Increases the solubility of gases, particularly in aqueous solutions.

Ideal Solutions

Components obey Raoult's law and have adhesive forces equal to cohesive forces: Ideal solutions, where the interactions between solute and solvent molecules are identical to those between solvent molecules.

Negative Deviation

Characteristic of a negative deviated solution: Lower vapor pressure than expected, indicating stronger intermolecular forces between solute and solvent molecules.

Liquid-Liquid Miscibility

Conditions for complete miscibility in liquid-liquid systems: Similar intermolecular forces between the two liquids.

Solvent Properties

Water's ability to dissolve NaCl, but not chloroform and benzene: Polarity and high dielectric constant of water, allowing it to dissociate and solvate ionic compounds.
Non-polar solvents like benzene unable to dissolve ionic compounds: Lack of polarity and low dielectric constant, making them unable to dissociate and solvate ionic compounds.
Water's ability to dissolve phenols, alcohols, and other oxygen & nitrogen containing compounds: Hydrogen bonding between water molecules and the functional groups of these compounds.