Solid State Chemistry Lecture 8 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What will be discussed in lecture eight of the solid state chemistry course?

Molecular bonding principles

X-ray diffraction techniques

Electronic properties of materials (correct)

Thermodynamics and its applications

Insulators have high conductance.

False

What is the most common type of X-ray source mentioned in the lecture?

X-ray anode

Electrons are accelerated towards the anode where they will hit a __________ material.

target Signup and view all the answers

Match the following materials with their electrical behavior:

Conductors = High conductivity Semiconductors = Intermediate conductivity Insulators = Low conductivity Signup and view all the answers

What theory will be introduced to understand the properties of solids?

Band Theory Signup and view all the answers

The workshop sheet will be available one week before the workshop.

True Signup and view all the answers

What does the linear combination of atomic orbitals help to extend into?

solids Signup and view all the answers

Which type of compounds typically have very high melting temperatures?

Ionic compounds Signup and view all the answers

The first nano scale industry was pigmenting stained glass windows using gold nanoparticles.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of optical properties in materials?

Optical properties relate to electronic properties and are essential for applications like pigmentation. Signup and view all the answers

In addition to being transparent, materials for photovoltaics must also be _____ to make efficient solar cells.

conducting Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of materials with their properties:

Ionic compounds = High melting temperatures Metallic compounds = Wide range of melting temperatures Covalent compounds = Also high melting temperatures Gold nanoparticles = Used in pigmentation Signup and view all the answers

What type of light can synchrotron sources emit?

Monochromatic light Signup and view all the answers

What challenges are associated with creating materials that are both transparent and conducting?

Developing these materials is technically challenging. Signup and view all the answers

Synchrotron light sources operate by emitting light from atomic species only.

False Signup and view all the answers

Pigmentation has been a non-essential aspect of industries throughout history.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical speed range of electrons used in synchrotron light sources?

99.999% the speed of light Signup and view all the answers

Why is transparency important for mobile phone screens?

To allow users to see the display clearly while protecting it from the environment. Signup and view all the answers

Synchrotron sources allow researchers to select the specific energy they want for their experiments by using ______.

monochromators Signup and view all the answers

Match the following materials with their characteristics:

Metallic compounds = Malleable Ionic compounds = Stiff and fragile Covalent materials = Very hard Van der Waals materials = Flaky components Signup and view all the answers

Which property is characteristic of covalent materials?

Stiffness Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the conductivity of semiconductors as temperature increases?

It increases. Signup and view all the answers

The use of diffraction materials is optional in synchrotron light sources for selecting energies.

False Signup and view all the answers

Conductors have higher conductivity than insulators even at low temperatures.

True Signup and view all the answers

Describe the effect of the speed of electrons in synchrotron light sources on the light produced.

It generates far more intense and brilliant light. Signup and view all the answers

What is the conductivity measure that indicates an insulator?

Less than ten to the minus four Siemens per metre. Signup and view all the answers

An insulator can be turned into a ________ by increasing the temperature.

semiconductor Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Conductor = Material with high conductivity at any temperature Insulator = Material with very low conductivity Semiconductor = Material that can conduct electricity under certain conditions Temperature effect = In semiconductors, conductivity increases with temperature Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about insulators?

Their conductivity is almost immeasurable under normal conditions. Signup and view all the answers

Applying a bias to a semiconductor results in no electron movement.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the electronic bands in solid materials?

Band theory. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the maximum energy that an electron can have at zero Kelvin in a solid?

Fermi energy Signup and view all the answers

When bands are half-filled, they exhibit a higher density of states due to the spread over a larger energy range.

False Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the energy states and electron filling when new bands form from completely empty s orbitals?

The newly forming s band will also be completely empty. Signup and view all the answers

The energy states are bound or __________ from the ionic core.

unbound Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature is the Fermi energy typically referenced?

Absolute zero (0 Kelvin) Signup and view all the answers

The Fermi level is often set to zero on the energy scale.

True Signup and view all the answers

Electrons fill the orbitals from the __________ energy upwards.

lowest Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following materials is classified as an insulator?

Diamond Signup and view all the answers

Silicon and germanium each have six valence electrons.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical band gap for semiconductors?

Under about 1 eV Signup and view all the answers

In a covalent compound, the bonding orbitals are found in the __________ band.

valence Signup and view all the answers

Match the following materials with their classification:

Diamond = Insulator Silicon = Semiconductor Tin = Conductive material Germanium = Semiconductor Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the energy difference between the antibonding and bonding orbitals is large?

They result in a larger band gap. Signup and view all the answers

In semiconductors, the probability of an electron hopping across the band gap increases with increasing band gap size.

False Signup and view all the answers

What defines the difference between a semiconductor and an insulator?

The size of the band gap. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Workshop Announcements

Tutorial workshop yesterday's lecture, online worksheet due next Wednesday
Online workshop sheets for chemistry workshops in two weeks
Thermodynamics workshop in two weeks' time

Lecture 8: Solid State Chemistry

Electronic structure of materials discussed: conductance and resistance
Band theory for understanding solids introduced
Linear combination of atomic orbitals for solids
Distinction between conductors, semiconductors, and insulators
X-ray anode discussed as a common X-ray source in labs and airports
Synchrotron light sources explained: far more intense light, wider range of experiment
Monochromatic light selection using diffraction methods in synchrotons
Electronic properties of materials discussed

Electronic Properties

Resistivity and conductivity are material properties.
Specific Materials have differing levels of resistivity and conductivity.
Resistivity and conductivity are directly related and the inversely proportional to each other
Length and cross-sectional area of a wire affect its resistance
Resistence is measured in Ohms, while conductance is measured in Siemens
Increasing temperature reduces conductivity in conductors
Increasing temperature increases conductivity in semiconductors

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Description

Test your understanding of the electronic structure of materials covered in Lecture 8 of Solid State Chemistry. This quiz includes topics such as band theory, conductors, semiconductors, and insulators, as well as the practical applications of X-ray sources and synchrotron light. Challenge yourself and see how well you know these crucial concepts!

Solid State Chemistry Lecture 8 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What will be discussed in lecture eight of the solid state chemistry course?

Insulators have high conductance.

What is the most common type of X-ray source mentioned in the lecture?

Electrons are accelerated towards the anode where they will hit a __________ material.

Match the following materials with their electrical behavior:

What theory will be introduced to understand the properties of solids?

The workshop sheet will be available one week before the workshop.

What does the linear combination of atomic orbitals help to extend into?

Which type of compounds typically have very high melting temperatures?

The first nano scale industry was pigmenting stained glass windows using gold nanoparticles.

What is the significance of optical properties in materials?

In addition to being transparent, materials for photovoltaics must also be _____ to make efficient solar cells.

Match the following types of materials with their properties:

What type of light can synchrotron sources emit?

What challenges are associated with creating materials that are both transparent and conducting?

Synchrotron light sources operate by emitting light from atomic species only.

Pigmentation has been a non-essential aspect of industries throughout history.

What is the typical speed range of electrons used in synchrotron light sources?

Why is transparency important for mobile phone screens?

Synchrotron sources allow researchers to select the specific energy they want for their experiments by using ______.

Match the following materials with their characteristics:

Which property is characteristic of covalent materials?

What happens to the conductivity of semiconductors as temperature increases?

The use of diffraction materials is optional in synchrotron light sources for selecting energies.

Conductors have higher conductivity than insulators even at low temperatures.

Describe the effect of the speed of electrons in synchrotron light sources on the light produced.

What is the conductivity measure that indicates an insulator?

An insulator can be turned into a ________ by increasing the temperature.

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Which of the following statements is true about insulators?

Applying a bias to a semiconductor results in no electron movement.

What is the term used for the electronic bands in solid materials?

What is the term for the maximum energy that an electron can have at zero Kelvin in a solid?

When bands are half-filled, they exhibit a higher density of states due to the spread over a larger energy range.

What happens to the energy states and electron filling when new bands form from completely empty s orbitals?

The energy states are bound or __________ from the ionic core.

At what temperature is the Fermi energy typically referenced?

The Fermi level is often set to zero on the energy scale.

Electrons fill the orbitals from the __________ energy upwards.

Which of the following materials is classified as an insulator?

Silicon and germanium each have six valence electrons.

What is the typical band gap for semiconductors?

In a covalent compound, the bonding orbitals are found in the __________ band.

Match the following materials with their classification:

What happens when the energy difference between the antibonding and bonding orbitals is large?

In semiconductors, the probability of an electron hopping across the band gap increases with increasing band gap size.

What defines the difference between a semiconductor and an insulator?

Study Notes

Workshop Announcements

Lecture 8: Solid State Chemistry

Electronic Properties

Studying That Suits You

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