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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of a solid dosage form?

Suspensions

Powders (correct)

Emulsions

Solutions

What is the purpose of a drug delivery system?

Produce pharmacological activity

Conceal offensive taste of drugs

Provide mechanism for safe and convenient drug delivery (correct)

Increase flow of urine

What is the definition of an excipient?

Inactive ingredient in a dosage form (correct)

Finished dosage form containing active ingredient

Formulation containing active ingredient and excipients

Component producing pharmacological activity

What does a drug product contain?

Active ingredient and excipients Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a drug delivery system?

Uniform release or targeting of drugs into the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a drug delivery system?

Administer drugs as formulated preparations Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that involves forming a paste with the addition of a non-solvent levigating agent like mineral oil or glycerine?

Levigation Signup and view all the answers

What are the agglomerates of smaller powder particles passed through no. 4-12 sieves for tableting flowability called?

Granules Signup and view all the answers

What are the solid dosage forms primarily prepared by compression?

Tablets Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of tablets according to the text?

Low manufacturing cost Signup and view all the answers

What are hard gelatin capsules used for containing?

Dry powders Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of tablets mentioned in the text for specific characteristics and uses?

Effervescent tablets for releasing carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the alcohol content range of tinctures?

15-80% Signup and view all the answers

What is the alcohol content of Aromatic Elixir, NF?

22% Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of local anti-infective solutions when applied to the skin or mucous membranes?

Constrict pores, precipitate proteins, and kill microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

How much oxygen does hydrogen peroxide liberate in a dilute solution containing about 3% hydrogen peroxide?

10 times its volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of alcohol liniments?

Intended for skin application with varying ethanol concentrations serving different purposes Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of nasal solutions, otic solutions, and ophthalmic solutions tailored for?

Nasal passages, ears, and eyes, respectively Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is NOT used for transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS)?

High-velocity powder particles Signup and view all the answers

Which type of suppository base is NOT mentioned in the text?

Glycerin Signup and view all the answers

Which type of water is NOT mentioned as a liquid dosage form?

Distilled water Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about syrups is NOT supported by the text?

Syrups are inherently unstable when properly prepared and maintained Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT mentioned for the preparation of suppositories?

Spray-drying Signup and view all the answers

Which type of solution is used to wash or bathe surgical incisions, wounds, or body tissues?

Irrigating solution Signup and view all the answers

What must be considered when labeling irrigating solutions?

pH and isotonicity Signup and view all the answers

What are the uses of parenteral solutions?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What are the properties of gels?

Flocullated particles Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when the liquid is removed from a gel and only the framework remains?

Xerogel Signup and view all the answers

What determines the type of emulsion formed?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of parenteral solutions?

To meet strict microbiological and pyrogenicity requirements Signup and view all the answers

What are the common types of emulsions mentioned in the text?

Oil-in-water and water-in-oil Signup and view all the answers

How are emulsifying agents classified?

Based on their HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) values Signup and view all the answers

What are otic solutions primarily used for?

Ear irrigation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of labeling irrigating solutions as 'Not for Injection'?

To warn against accidental injection Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of suspensions as mentioned in the text?

They consist of finely divided drug particles Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Solid Dosage Forms and Suppositories

Solid dosage forms include lozenges, pills, lollipops, bolus, hypodermic tablets, pellets, cataplasm, plasters, transdermal patches, band-aids, and dressings, each serving different purposes and administration methods.
Various techniques like electroporation, iontophoresis, phonophoresis, and high-velocity powder particles are used for transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS).
Suppositories are solid dosage forms that melt, soften, or dissolve for local or systemic effects and are useful for infants, debilitated patients, or those with gastrointestinal disturbances.
Types of suppositories include rectal, vaginal, and urethral, with different sizes, shapes, and bases like fatty/oleaginous bases, water-soluble and water-miscible bases, and miscellaneous bases.
Suppository bases like cocoa butter, Wecobee, Witepsol, and hydrogenated fatty acids are used, and preparation methods include hand-rolling, compression, and fusion methods.
Liquid dosage forms offer homogenous doses, immediate availability for absorption, and flexible dosing, with solutions being the most commonly used type.
Water is the most commonly used solvent for drug solutions, with different types recognized by the USP for various pharmaceutical preparations.
Aromatic waters are used as flavored vehicles for water-soluble drugs and in some emulsions or suspensions, while syrups contain high concentrations of sucrose or other sugars.
Sterile water for inhalation, sterile water for irrigation, and bacteriostatic water for injection are other types of liquid dosage forms with specific uses and packaging requirements.
Syrups, also known as simple syrups, have low solvent capacity for water-soluble drugs and are inherently stable when properly prepared and maintained.
Syrups can be prepared by solution with heat, solution by agitation without heat, percolation, and extraction, as per USP methods.

Pharmaceutical Solutions and Disperse Systems

Parenteral solutions are injected directly into the body and must meet strict microbiological and pyrogenicity requirements.
They are used when oral medication is not feasible, for rapid drug action, and for specific delivery to organs or tissues.
Routes of drug administration include intravenous, intraarterial, intracardiac, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and others.
Suspensions are liquid dosage forms with finely divided drug particles, while gels are semisolid systems with a jelly-like consistency.
Emulsions consist of two immiscible liquids, with oil-in-water and water-in-oil being common types.
Factors determining emulsion type include emulsifier, phase ratio, and order of mixing.
Emulsifying agents can be natural, finely divided solids, synthetic, and are classified based on HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) values.
Formulas for emulsions may require specific blends of emulsifiers, with calculations based on their HLB values.
Methods of emulsion preparation include the wet gum (English) method, dry gum (Continental) method, and bottle method.
Otic solutions are used for ear irrigation and should not be labeled for injection, with pH and isotonicity being crucial considerations.
Irrigating solutions are sterile washes for surgical use, labeled "Not for Injection" and "For Irrigation Only".
Disperse systems like suspensions, gels, and emulsions have specific properties, preparation methods, and applications in pharmaceuticals.

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Description

Test your knowledge of solid dosage forms and suppositories with this quiz. Explore various types of solid dosage forms, suppository bases, and preparation methods. Learn about liquid dosage forms, including solutions, aromatic waters, and syrups, as well as their specific uses and preparation techniques.