Solar Energy Basics

Which angle is defined as the angular position of the Sun at solar noon with respect to the plane of the equator?

Declination Angle (correct)

Longitude

Zenith Angle

Latitude

What is the angular distance between a point on any meridian and the prime meridian at Greenwich?

Inclination Angle

Declination Angle

Latitude

Longitude (correct)

What is the range of values for the Declination Angle according to the provided text?

-180° ≤ δ ≤ 180°

-90° ≤ δ ≤ 90°

-45° ≤ δ ≤ 45°

-23.45° ≤ δ ≤ 23.45° (correct)

Which angle is known as the angle between Sun’s ray and its projection on a horizontal surface?

Inclination Angle Signup and view all the answers

At what value is the Inclination Angle equal to at sunrise and sunset based on the text?

$0°$ Signup and view all the answers

What does the Zenith Angle represent?

Angle between Sun’s ray and horizontal plane's perpendicular Signup and view all the answers

What is the key advantage of a passive thermosiphon solar water heater over an active solar water heating system?

It requires less equipment and is easier to install Signup and view all the answers

What is the main disadvantage of a passive thermosiphon solar water heater compared to an active system?

It is less efficient at heating water Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an active solar water heating system?

Requires a large storage tank Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the on-off controller in an active solar water heating system?

To turn the pump on and off based on the temperature difference Signup and view all the answers

How do active solar water heating systems typically differ from passive thermosiphon systems in terms of water heating capacity?

Active systems can heat a larger volume of water Signup and view all the answers

Which type of building or facility is BEST suited for an active solar water heating system?

Factories, hospitals, hotels, and offices Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance between the Sun and the Earth?

$1.5 \times 10^8$ km Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical range of solar radiation flux available on the Earth's surface?

Rarely exceeds 1 kW/m^2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge in utilizing solar energy?

The real challenge is of an economic nature Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to refer to the incident solar energy per unit area on a surface over a day?

Insolation Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol used to represent solar irradiance?

G Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical diameter range of the evacuated tubes used in evacuated tube collectors?

1" (25 mm) to 3" (75 mm) Signup and view all the answers

What type of glass are the evacuated tubes typically made of?

Borosilicate or soda lime glass Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the selective coating on the fins inside the evacuated tubes?

To transfer heat to the fluid circulating through the pipe Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical operating temperature range of a concentrating solar collector?

100 - 400C or above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the heat is transferred from the evacuated tubes to the manifold in the header tank?

Convection within the heat transfer fluid in the heat pipe Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the evacuated space between the inner and outer glass tubes in an evacuated tube collector?

To reduce heat loss from the inner tube Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the supporting structure in a cylindrical parabolic collector?

To facilitate the movement and orientation of the reflecting surface Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the heat transfer fluid used in cylindrical parabolic collectors is true?

They are called thermic fluids and are organic heat transfer liquids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC)?

To efficiently collect and concentrate distant light sources Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical reflecting surface material used in cylindrical parabolic collectors?

Curved back silvered glass Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the production of cylindrical parabolic collectors is true?

There are very few manufacturers worldwide, and the production volume is low. Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical acceptance angle range for Compound Parabolic Concentrators (CPCs)?

25° to 45° Signup and view all the answers