Podcast
Questions and Answers
What natural elements can be utilized for shading south-facing facades?
What natural elements can be utilized for shading south-facing facades?
What defines active solar energy?
What defines active solar energy?
Which of the following is considered a fast-growing energy source?
Which of the following is considered a fast-growing energy source?
How is hydroelectric energy generated?
How is hydroelectric energy generated?
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Which of the following is not a type of renewable energy?
Which of the following is not a type of renewable energy?
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What material is primarily used in biomass energy production?
What material is primarily used in biomass energy production?
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What type of renewable energy captures the kinetic energy of moving air?
What type of renewable energy captures the kinetic energy of moving air?
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What is the primary use of renewable energy derived from biomass?
What is the primary use of renewable energy derived from biomass?
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What is the email address for the Ontario Lumber Manufacturers Agency?
What is the email address for the Ontario Lumber Manufacturers Agency?
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Which city is associated with the Central Forest Products Association?
Which city is associated with the Central Forest Products Association?
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Which organization is located at 1501-700 West Pender Street?
Which organization is located at 1501-700 West Pender Street?
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What is the telephone number for the Canadian Softwood?
What is the telephone number for the Canadian Softwood?
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Which of the following websites belongs to the Ontario Forest Industries Association?
Which of the following websites belongs to the Ontario Forest Industries Association?
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What is the mailing address for the Alberta Forest Products Association?
What is the mailing address for the Alberta Forest Products Association?
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Which organization shares its contact information with the Central Forest Products Association?
Which organization shares its contact information with the Central Forest Products Association?
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What is the primary focus of the organizations listed in the document?
What is the primary focus of the organizations listed in the document?
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What does the acronym EWP stand for in the context of wood products?
What does the acronym EWP stand for in the context of wood products?
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Which of the following describes the manufacturing process for Engineered Wood Products?
Which of the following describes the manufacturing process for Engineered Wood Products?
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Which component is NOT typically used in the composition of EWP?
Which component is NOT typically used in the composition of EWP?
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What role do adhesives play in the creation of Engineered Wood Products?
What role do adhesives play in the creation of Engineered Wood Products?
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In which scenario would Engineered Wood Products be most advantageous?
In which scenario would Engineered Wood Products be most advantageous?
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Which method is NOT mentioned as a way to create Engineered Wood Products?
Which method is NOT mentioned as a way to create Engineered Wood Products?
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Which of the following best describes the properties of composite materials like EWP?
Which of the following best describes the properties of composite materials like EWP?
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What is one potential advantage of using Engineered Wood Products over traditional solid wood?
What is one potential advantage of using Engineered Wood Products over traditional solid wood?
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What is the maximum distance that bridging and strapping should be from joist support?
What is the maximum distance that bridging and strapping should be from joist support?
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When framing joists, how should a slightly bowed joist be placed?
When framing joists, how should a slightly bowed joist be placed?
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What type of material is typically used for making subfloors?
What type of material is typically used for making subfloors?
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What is the function of joist hangers?
What is the function of joist hangers?
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If a header spans more than 4 feet, what must be done?
If a header spans more than 4 feet, what must be done?
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What is a cantilever in floor framing?
What is a cantilever in floor framing?
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What dimensions can a '2x10' joist cantilever extend up to according to the guidelines?
What dimensions can a '2x10' joist cantilever extend up to according to the guidelines?
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What is the standard sheet size for subfloors?
What is the standard sheet size for subfloors?
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What is the purpose of a subfloor in building framing?
What is the purpose of a subfloor in building framing?
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Which type of load is defined as the weight of all permanent equipment in a building?
Which type of load is defined as the weight of all permanent equipment in a building?
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What is included in the required information for beam calculations?
What is included in the required information for beam calculations?
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What does supported joist length (SJL) represent?
What does supported joist length (SJL) represent?
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What is the maximum beam span for supporting a joist length of 3.6 m (12 ft)?
What is the maximum beam span for supporting a joist length of 3.6 m (12 ft)?
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Which factor is NOT required when calculating joist sizing requirements?
Which factor is NOT required when calculating joist sizing requirements?
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How does caulking contribute to floor noise management?
How does caulking contribute to floor noise management?
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What is one of the load types incorporated into building code tables?
What is one of the load types incorporated into building code tables?
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Which division focuses on masonry work, including various types of blocks and bricks?
Which division focuses on masonry work, including various types of blocks and bricks?
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What type of materials and products fall under Division 06?
What type of materials and products fall under Division 06?
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Which of the following is NOT a component listed in Division 07?
Which of the following is NOT a component listed in Division 07?
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Which division includes the specifications for structural steel products?
Which division includes the specifications for structural steel products?
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What is included in Division 11 under the specifications?
What is included in Division 11 under the specifications?
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What is the primary consequence of sealing houses too tightly for energy conservation?
What is the primary consequence of sealing houses too tightly for energy conservation?
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Which term describes the measure of a barrier's resistance to heat flow?
Which term describes the measure of a barrier's resistance to heat flow?
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Which factor is critical to improving indoor air quality?
Which factor is critical to improving indoor air quality?
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What is the primary consequence of a significant temperature gradient in materials?
What is the primary consequence of a significant temperature gradient in materials?
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What type of pollutants found indoors may be harmless at low concentrations?
What type of pollutants found indoors may be harmless at low concentrations?
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What does adequate ventilation help control regarding indoor air quality?
What does adequate ventilation help control regarding indoor air quality?
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Which practical measure can be taken to reduce indoor air contaminants?
Which practical measure can be taken to reduce indoor air contaminants?
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Which method is considered appropriate for eliminating indoor air quality hazards?
Which method is considered appropriate for eliminating indoor air quality hazards?
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Which component is essential for maintaining indoor air quality?
Which component is essential for maintaining indoor air quality?
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What is a key factor in water quality management within homes?
What is a key factor in water quality management within homes?
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Which aspect of energy efficiency is focused on building thermal performance?
Which aspect of energy efficiency is focused on building thermal performance?
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Which of the following materials can contribute to poor indoor air quality when used?
Which of the following materials can contribute to poor indoor air quality when used?
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Which factor is considered when planning a healthy indoor environment?
Which factor is considered when planning a healthy indoor environment?
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What design consideration enhances energy efficiency through building orientation?
What design consideration enhances energy efficiency through building orientation?
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Which strategy is important for the management of construction waste?
Which strategy is important for the management of construction waste?
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What is one of the primary concerns related to hazardous materials in building construction?
What is one of the primary concerns related to hazardous materials in building construction?
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What is a common source of carbon monoxide in indoor environments?
What is a common source of carbon monoxide in indoor environments?
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Which method is effective in controlling radon levels in a building?
Which method is effective in controlling radon levels in a building?
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What technique can help to reduce construction waste?
What technique can help to reduce construction waste?
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What is the role of HEPA filters in indoor air quality management?
What is the role of HEPA filters in indoor air quality management?
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What property of radon makes it particularly hazardous in homes?
What property of radon makes it particularly hazardous in homes?
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How can builders improve their reputation through construction practices?
How can builders improve their reputation through construction practices?
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Which of the following practices can help reduce air leakage in buildings?
Which of the following practices can help reduce air leakage in buildings?
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What is one primary way that using materials made of recycled products benefits construction?
What is one primary way that using materials made of recycled products benefits construction?
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What is the primary function of the sill plate in residential construction?
What is the primary function of the sill plate in residential construction?
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What is the purpose of a sill gasket in construction?
What is the purpose of a sill gasket in construction?
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Which type of floor support system is most commonly used in residential construction?
Which type of floor support system is most commonly used in residential construction?
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How should wood framing be treated when placed on a concrete foundation wall?
How should wood framing be treated when placed on a concrete foundation wall?
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What is the purpose of a sill sealer in residential framing?
What is the purpose of a sill sealer in residential framing?
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What material is typically used for a sill plate?
What material is typically used for a sill plate?
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What design consideration must be made when installing a sill plate on a concrete foundation?
What design consideration must be made when installing a sill plate on a concrete foundation?
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What is the consequence of using un-treated wood directly on a concrete foundation without a separation barrier?
What is the consequence of using un-treated wood directly on a concrete foundation without a separation barrier?
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What is the main aim of designing the built environment sustainably?
What is the main aim of designing the built environment sustainably?
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Which of the following best describes what greenhouse gases do in the atmosphere?
Which of the following best describes what greenhouse gases do in the atmosphere?
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Which term refers to the total amount of greenhouse gases generated by individual actions?
Which term refers to the total amount of greenhouse gases generated by individual actions?
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What does the study of ecology primarily focus on?
What does the study of ecology primarily focus on?
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What significant source of greenhouse gas emissions from human activities is mentioned?
What significant source of greenhouse gas emissions from human activities is mentioned?
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Which prefix in the term 'economy' refers to 'house' in Greek?
Which prefix in the term 'economy' refers to 'house' in Greek?
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What does 'low-carbon footprint' imply in the context of sustainable design?
What does 'low-carbon footprint' imply in the context of sustainable design?
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Which term refers to the combination of economy and ecology as defined in the content?
Which term refers to the combination of economy and ecology as defined in the content?
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What is the supported joist length (SJL) defined as?
What is the supported joist length (SJL) defined as?
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Which of the following loads is classified as a dead load?
Which of the following loads is classified as a dead load?
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What essential information is NOT required for beam calculations?
What essential information is NOT required for beam calculations?
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How does flooring noise management benefit from adhesive caulking?
How does flooring noise management benefit from adhesive caulking?
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What does floor joist sizing depend on?
What does floor joist sizing depend on?
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What thickness range is typical for foundation walls made from cast-in-place concrete or ICF systems?
What thickness range is typical for foundation walls made from cast-in-place concrete or ICF systems?
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Which material is a common component used for formwork when constructing foundations?
Which material is a common component used for formwork when constructing foundations?
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What is the benefit of using insulated concrete forms (ICF) in construction?
What is the benefit of using insulated concrete forms (ICF) in construction?
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When is a foundation wall considered laterally supported?
When is a foundation wall considered laterally supported?
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What must be maintained for formwork during the curing process of concrete?
What must be maintained for formwork during the curing process of concrete?
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What happens to cast-in-place concrete as it is poured?
What happens to cast-in-place concrete as it is poured?
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Which statement about box-outs in ICF is incorrect?
Which statement about box-outs in ICF is incorrect?
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What precaution should be taken to ensure cast-in-place concrete does not segregate?
What precaution should be taken to ensure cast-in-place concrete does not segregate?
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What is a characteristic of ICF systems in terms of energy efficiency?
What is a characteristic of ICF systems in terms of energy efficiency?
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What is the maximum cantilever extension for a '2x8' joist according to the guidelines?
What is the maximum cantilever extension for a '2x8' joist according to the guidelines?
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What is the primary purpose of joist hangers?
What is the primary purpose of joist hangers?
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Which of the following materials is NOT typically used for subfloors?
Which of the following materials is NOT typically used for subfloors?
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What is the required action if a header spans more than 4 feet?
What is the required action if a header spans more than 4 feet?
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Which of the following describes the installation requirement for bridging?
Which of the following describes the installation requirement for bridging?
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How should a slightly bowed joist be oriented during installation?
How should a slightly bowed joist be oriented during installation?
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Which type of framing component is referred to as furring when used for ceiling finishes?
Which type of framing component is referred to as furring when used for ceiling finishes?
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What is the typical sheet size for subfloors?
What is the typical sheet size for subfloors?
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What defines the action of interrupted joists during framing?
What defines the action of interrupted joists during framing?
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What is the primary consideration of passive solar design in buildings?
What is the primary consideration of passive solar design in buildings?
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Which factor is NOT included in the definition of embodied energy?
Which factor is NOT included in the definition of embodied energy?
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What is a primary benefit of using permeable paving in community planning?
What is a primary benefit of using permeable paving in community planning?
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What is the primary aim of community planning when integrating nature into residential areas?
What is the primary aim of community planning when integrating nature into residential areas?
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Which of the following approaches best describes how to manage construction waste effectively?
Which of the following approaches best describes how to manage construction waste effectively?
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What is the main objective of using smart meters in energy efficiency?
What is the main objective of using smart meters in energy efficiency?
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How does water conservation through gray water systems benefit a building?
How does water conservation through gray water systems benefit a building?
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What aspect of resilience in housing does adaptability primarily address?
What aspect of resilience in housing does adaptability primarily address?
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What does the municipal zoning aim to achieve in environmental planning?
What does the municipal zoning aim to achieve in environmental planning?
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Which of the following is essential for ensuring durability and longevity in building materials?
Which of the following is essential for ensuring durability and longevity in building materials?
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Study Notes
Building Facade Shading
- Southfacing facades can benefit from deciduous trees, overhangs, or louvers.
- East and west facades are best protected with vertical louvers.
Renewable Energy
- Any naturally occurring, inexhaustible source of energy that is not derived from fossil or nuclear fuels.
- Types include solar, wind, tidal, hydroelectric, biomass, and geothermal.
Solar Energy
- Two types: passive and active.
- Passive solar energy captures the sun's warmth and light through building design.
- Active solar energy uses technology to transform sunlight into electricity.
Wind Energy
- Uses kinetic energy from moving air to generate electricity.
- Wind turbines or wind energy conversion systems transform this energy.
- Can be located onshore or offshore.
Hydroelectric Energy
- Uses the natural flow of moving water to generate electricity.
- One of the oldest and largest renewable energy sources.
- Dams store river water in reservoirs, which is released to spin turbines and generate electricity.
Biomass Energy
- Uses plant-based material as fuel to produce heat or electricity.
- Examples include wood and wood residues, energy crops, agricultural residues, and waste.
Engineered Wood Products (EWP)
- Range of wood products manufactured by binding or fixing strands, particles, fibers, or veneers together.
- Used to create composite materials like joists.
Floor Framing and Joists
- Joists can be supported on ledger strips attached to wood beams or framed into masonry or concrete walls.
- Joists supported on top of a wood beam must be treated to prevent decay.
Joist Hangers
- Designed to hold wood joists in place when a thinner floor structure is desired.
Floor Joist Bridging, Strapping, and Blocking
- Strengthen and prevent joists from twisting.
- Bridging and strapping should be spaced no more than 6’-11” (2.108m) from joist support.
Ceiling Finish Furring
- Similar to strapping, but used for attaching ceiling finishes.
Floor Framing - Joists
- Any joist with a slight bow edgewise should be placed with the crown on top.
Joist Framing at Openings
- Interrupted joists must be headed off to transfer loads to adjacent joists.
- Headers spanning more than 4 feet must be doubled and loads transferred to double trimmer joists.
Floor Framing at Cantilevers
- A cantilever is a projecting structural member supported only at one end.
- A floor joist projecting beyond a load-bearing wall can cantilever up to 16” (406mm) with a ‘2x8’ (38x184) and up to 24” (610mm) with a ‘2x10’ (38x235).
Floor Joist Materials
- Wood (dimensional lumber): typically ‘2x6’, ‘2x8’, ‘2x10’, and ‘2x12’.
- EWP - Wood I-joists: a type of engineered wood joist.
- EWP - Open Web Joists: a type of engineered wood joist.
Subfloors
- Typically made of plywood or OSB (oriented strand board).
- Typical sheet size is 4’-0” x 8’-0”.
- Sheets should be installed at right angles to floor joists with staggered end joints.
- Adhesive caulking minimizes floor noise.
Floor Framing Spans
- Beam span: clear distance between supported ends of the beam.
- Supported joist length (SJL): half the span of the floor joist, on either side of the beam, added together.
- Joist span: clear distance between the two supporting ends of the joist.
Required Info for Beam Calculations
- Number of floors.
- Beam span.
- Supported joist length (SJL).
- Lumber type (for built-up wood beams).
Required Info for Floor Joist Calculations
- Joist span.
- Lumber species or type of joist.
- Joist spacing.
- Type of bridging.
Loads Incorporated into Building Code Tables
- Dead load = 20 psf / 1 kPa: weight of joists, materials above joists, and permanent equipment in the building.
Healthy Indoor Environment
- Healthy indoor environments focus on indoor air quality, water quality, light, sound, fire safety, resource and energy efficiency, and environmental responsibility.
- Indoor air quality factors include ventilation, material selection (VOCs), paints, sealants, and glue. This can be improved by proper ventilation, air filtration, material selection, healthy humidity levels, removing hazardous materials, cleaning and maintenance, considering wind direction, and by eliminating the source.
- Indoor air quality can be impacted by airborne particulate matter, chemicals for intended uses, unintentional emissions from services, and emissions from materials.
- Combustion gases such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide can be controlled by using appliances with electronic ignition and proper ventilation.
- Radon is a colorless, odorless, and radioactive gas that occurs naturally within soil. It can enter homes through small cracks, basements without proper ventilation, and sump pits and drains.
- Controlling radon requires proper sealing at material junctions, good ventilation, and vent pipe through the basement floor extending through the roof when high levels exist.
Construction Waste
- Construction waste, including site clearance and construction of new homes and renovations, account for over 5% of landfill volume.
- Reducing waste helps builders reduce material quantity and cost, haulage fees, improve efficiency, and improve reputation by demonstrating environmental responsibility.
- Waste reduction methods include material reduction techniques, modular and prefabricated design, reducing re-entrant corners, improving material storage, purchasing in bulk, and using recycled materials.
- Construction waste reuse methods include using wood cut-offs for blocking and insulation, plastic packaging as garbage bags or material protectors, concrete strength, reinforcement, finishing, and protection.
Specifications
- Building construction specifications are organized by divisions covering general requirements, existing conditions, metals, wood, plastics, and composites, thermal and moisture protection, openings, finishes, specialties, equipment, and more.
Floor Framing
- Sill plate is the lowest and first wood framing member in residential construction, typically 2x6, and must be pressure treated (PT) when placed on a concrete foundation wall.
- Sill gasket is placed between the foundation wall and sill plate to fill gaps, reduce air infiltration, prevent moisture wicking, and insect entry.
- Sill sealer provides a better air seal than the sill gasket, commonly made of EPDM rubber.
- Floor support systems use wood, steel, concrete or block columns to support beams, which support the floor framing system.
Floor Support Systems
- 3” round, adjustable steel columns with plates at both ends are common, advantageous for their non-expansion and contraction properties.
- The top plate should be as wide as the beam it supports.
- Studs are continuous from the foundation to the roof.
- Floor framing is installed after walls are built.
- Balloon framing supports the upper floor and roof with a single-story extension of the wall studs.
Environmentally Responsible Design
- Aims to maintain a steady level of built environment development without exhausting natural resources and minimizing ecological damage.
- Uses terms like 'sustainability,' 'green,' 'eco-friendly,' 'resource-conscious,' 'low-carbon footprint,' and 'climate-conscious' to describe the approach.
Economy & Ecology
- The term "eco" is derived from the Ancient Greek word "oikos," meaning "house."
- "Economy" translates to "house management."
- "Ecology" signifies "house knowledge."
- Economics focuses on how people utilize resources.
- Ecology studies the relationships between organisms, including social and human-built environments.
Greenhouse Gases
- Greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere trap heat.
- Sunlight warms the Earth's surface, and at night, heat is released back into the air.
- Greenhouse gases prevent some heat from escaping, contributing to climate change.
- The primary source of greenhouse gas emissions from human activities in North America is burning fossil fuels for electricity, heat, and transportation.
- Carbon footprint refers to the total amount of greenhouse gases generated by human actions.
Resource Efficiency
- Embodied energy refers to the energy consumed during a building's production process, from resource extraction and processing to manufacturing, transportation, and delivery.
- It does not include energy used for building operation or disposal.
- Construction waste management emphasizes reducing, reusing, and recycling materials.
- Water conservation and reuse include utilizing rainwater and gray water.
- Gray water is previously used water from domestic, commercial, and industrial sources.
Durability and Longevity
- Sustainable design prioritizes materials and methods that contribute to a building's durability and longevity.
Environmental Planning
- Community planning and site planning prioritize integrating nature into communities.
- Municipal zoning separates residential and industrial areas.
- Buffers between industrial areas and residential areas are crucial.
- Wind direction and potential industrial by-product reuse are considered for environmental planning.
- Proper storage and disposal of hazardous materials are essential.
Affordability, Adaptability and Marketability
- Affordability considers long-term operational costs, material longevity, and reduced maintenance.
- Adaptability involves design versatility, future reprogramming, and potential for adaptive reuse.
- Marketability focuses on resale value and features that enhance marketability.
Environmentally Responsible Housing
- Requires less land and fewer resources for construction.
- Uses less energy and water for operation.
- Retains value through durability and reduced maintenance.
- Provides healthy and comfortable living spaces.
- Permeable paving surfaces reduce runoff volume and protect vegetation.
Common Foundation Materials
- Cast-in-place concrete
- Concrete block (CMU)
- Preserved and treated wood
- Insulated Concrete Forms (ICF)
Foundation Walls
- Foundation walls are typically 8" to 12" thick.
- Laterally supported foundation walls have a floor system secured to the top, preventing inward collapse.
- Laterally unsupported foundation walls lack a secured floor system.
Formwork
- Formwork is a mold that shapes fresh concrete until it cures.
- Most forms are made of reusable steel or plywood.
- Metal tie bars prevent form separation.
- Forms remain in place for at least 3 days for curing.
Insulated Concrete Formwork (ICF)
- ICFs create cast-in-place concrete walls with insulation between foam layers.
- ICFs remain in place permanently, providing formwork and insulation for walls.
- Box-outs prevent concrete placement at door, window, and beam locations.
- ICFs are strong and energy-efficient.
Cast-in-Place Concrete Foundation Walls
- Cast-in-place concrete is poured into formwork and cured on-site.
- Concrete should be vibrated to remove air pockets and maintain consistency.
- Concrete should be poured continuously to avoid segregation.
Floor Framing
- Joists can be supported by masonry or concrete walls, or on ledger strips attached to wood beams.
- Joists should be treated with decay-resistant materials when supported by masonry or concrete.
Joist Hangers
- Joist hangers securely hold wood joists in place for thinner floor structures.
Floor Framing
- Floor framing includes bridging, strapping, and blocking to strengthen joists and prevent twisting.
- Bridging and strapping should not be spaced more than 6'-11" apart.
- Ceiling finish furring is strapping used to attach ceiling finishes.
Floor Joist Materials
- Common materials include:
- Dimensional lumber ('2x6', '2x8', '2x10', '2x12')
- Wood I-joists
- Open web joists
Subfloors
- Typically made of plywood or OSB (oriented strand board)
- Sheets are installed perpendicular to floor joists with staggered end joints.
- Adhesive caulking minimizes floor noise.
- Subfloors act as diaphragms, transmitting lateral forces to walls and columns.
Floor Framing Spans
- Beam span is the clear distance between beam supports.
- Supported joist length (SJL) is half the floor joist's span on each side of the beam.
- Joist span is the clear distance between joist supports.
Required Information for Beam Calculations
- Number of floors
- Beam span
- Supported joist length (SJL)
- Lumber type (for built-up wood beams)
Required Information for Floor Joist Calculations
- Joist span
- Lumber species or type of joist
- Joist spacing
- Type of bridging
Dead Load
- Dead load is 20 psf (1 kPa).
- It includes the weight of joists, materials above the joists, and permanent equipment in the building.
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Description
This quiz explores essential concepts related to building facade shading techniques and various types of renewable energy. Topics covered include the benefits of using natural elements for shading and the specific forms of renewable energy such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric. Test your knowledge on how these elements contribute to energy efficiency and sustainability.
