Soilborne Diseases: Transmission and Prevention
116 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the progression rate of gas gangrene from initial injury?

  • Within 72 hours
  • Within 1 week
  • Within 48 hours (correct)
  • Within 24 hours

What is the mortality rate of gas gangrene?

  • 10-15%
  • 20-25% (correct)
  • 40-45%
  • 30-35%

What is the form of Histoplasma capsulatum in soil?

  • Both yeast and mold form (correct)
  • Mold form
  • Yeast form
  • Fungal spores

How is Histoplasmosis typically acquired?

<p>Through inhalation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of cases that become a severe disease in Histoplasmosis?

<p>0.1% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the test used to rule out Tuberculosis in Histoplasmosis diagnosis?

<p>Tuberculent skin test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are at high risk for Histoplasmosis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for tetani germination in deep tissue?

<p>absence of air (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main target of the neurotoxin produced by C. tetani bacteria?

<p>Central Nervous System (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of respiratory muscle spasms in tetanus infection?

<p>blockage of relaxation pathway in muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor for tetanus infection?

<p>genetic predisposition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common location where Histoplasmosis occurs?

<p>Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Tetanus Immune Globulin (TIG) in tetanus treatment?

<p>to neutralize the toxin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of vaccine is used to prevent tetanus infection?

<p>toxoid vaccine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative agent of Coccidioidomycosis?

<p>Coccidioides immitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Coccidioidomycosis typically acquired?

<p>By inhalation of fungal spores called airborne arthroconidia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical outcome of untreated tetanus infection?

<p>respiratory failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for Coccidioidomycosis?

<p>Antimycotics/Antifungal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the phylum of the helminth that causes Hookworm Infection?

<p>Nematoda (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is the infective penetrating larvae stage in Hookworm Infection?

<p>Larvae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the habitat of the fungus that causes Coccidioidomycosis?

<p>Desert soils of the American Southwest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major portal of entry for soilborne diseases?

<p>Skin and respiratory tract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can soilborne pathogens be transmitted indirectly?

<p>Through inhalation of airborne pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best preventive measure for soilborne diseases?

<p>Moistening the soil to prevent airborne transmission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria causes Tetanus?

<p>Gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can Clostridium tetani grow in the body?

<p>Deep layers of muscle and deep wounds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the virulence factor of Clostridium tetani?

<p>Tetanospasmin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of transmission of Tetanus?

<p>Soilborne transmission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of transmission of hookworm infection?

<p>Larvae in contaminated soil penetrating bare skin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative agent of ascariasis?

<p>Ascaris lumbricoides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a large number of hookworms in the body?

<p>Anemia and fatigue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do humans get infected with ascariasis?

<p>By ingesting eggs accidentally (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the antiparasitic drug used to treat hookworm infection?

<p>Mebendazole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that is the infective stage of Ascaris lumbricoides?

<p>Egg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the predisposing factor for ascariasis?

<p>Poverty and unsanitary conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of the worldwide population infected with ascariasis?

<p>30% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a large number of worms in children?

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can ascariasis be prevented?

<p>By washing hands and not ingesting soil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of interrupted blood supply to tissue?

<p>Necrosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of bacteria that causes Gas Gangrene?

<p>Gram-positive bacilli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which spores of Clostridium perfringens become active cells?

<p>Germination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens in Gas Gangrene?

<p>Alpha toxin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of gas and fluid-filled blisters in Gas Gangrene?

<p>They often form (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease caused by Clostridium perfringens?

<p>Gas Gangrene (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key factor that contributes to the development of Gas Gangrene?

<p>Low blood flow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of the neurotoxin produced by C. tetani bacteria in tetanus infection?

<p>Blocking relaxation pathway in muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why tetani germinates in deep tissue?

<p>Absence of air (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical outcome of untreated tetanus infection?

<p>Respiratory failure leading to death (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the DTaP, TDaP, and Td vaccines in preventing tetanus infection?

<p>To introduce a small dose of the toxin to stimulate immunity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical site of muscle stiffness and spasms in tetanus infection?

<p>Head, neck, and back muscles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Tetanus Immune Globulin (TIG) in tetanus treatment?

<p>To neutralize the toxin produced by the bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the predisposing factor for tetanus infection?

<p>Direct contact with fomites, such as rusty nails or sharp objects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of Coccidioidomycosis?

<p>Inhalation of airborne arthroconidia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the lifecycle of Coccidioides immitis?

<p>It has a complex lifecycle with multiple hosts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical habitat of the fungus that causes Histoplasmosis?

<p>River valleys and caves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of surgical debridement in treating gas gangrene?

<p>To remove necrotic tissue and prevent the spread of infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a treatment option for Histoplasmosis?

<p>Antifungals/antimycotics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Histoplasma capsulatum that allows it to infect humans?

<p>Its ability to exist in multiple forms, including yeast and mold (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic shape of the body of the hookworm?

<p>Hooked-shaped (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of Coccidioidomycosis?

<p>Mild flu-like symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reservoir of Histoplasma capsulatum?

<p>Bird and bat droppings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the parasitic helminth that causes Hookworm Infection in the Americas?

<p>Necator americanus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of gas gangrene that makes it a common cause of death in wars?

<p>Its ability to progress quickly from initial injury (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a tuberculin skin test in diagnosing Histoplasmosis?

<p>To rule out Tuberculosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in treating gas gangrene?

<p>To deliver oxygen to the affected tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Histoplasmosis that makes it a systemic infection?

<p>Its ability to spread through the bloodstream (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a large number of hookworms in the body?

<p>Anemia and fatigue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do humans get infected with hookworm?

<p>Through skin penetration of larvae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Ascaris lumbricoides?

<p>It is a parasitic helminth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of treatment for ascariasis?

<p>To eliminated adult worms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the habitat of Ascaris lumbricoides?

<p>Human intestine and soil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of transmission of ascariasis?

<p>Through ingestion of eggs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a large number of worms in children?

<p>Impaired growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the antiparasitic drug used to treat hookworm infection?

<p>Mebendazole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of ascariasis worldwide?

<p>30% of the worldwide population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for walking barefoot as a predisposing factor for hookworm infection?

<p>Because it increases the risk of skin penetration of larvae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of soilborne diseases?

<p>Direct contact with contaminated soil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main portal of entry for soilborne pathogens?

<p>Skin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Clostridium tetani?

<p>Gram-positive, obligate anaerobe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best preventive measure for soilborne diseases?

<p>Moistening the soil to prevent aerosolization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment approach for soilborne diseases?

<p>Antiparasitic therapy and surgical debridement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of soilborne disease?

<p>Histoplasmosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of Tetanus?

<p>Direct contact with contaminated soil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the virulence factor of Clostridium tetani?

<p>Tetanospasmin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical habitat of the fungus that causes Coccidioidomycosis?

<p>Desert soils of the American Southwest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why amputation is often required in gas gangrene?

<p>Because the pathogen is anaerobe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Histoplasmosis that distinguishes it from Tuberculosis?

<p>The test results require a negative tuberculin skin test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the lifecycle of Coccidioides immitis?

<p>Complex lifecycle involving arthroconidia and spherules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of Histoplasmosis?

<p>Inhalation of airborne arthroconidia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of macrophages in Histoplasmosis?

<p>They provide a habitat for the fungus to grow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of Hookworm Infection?

<p>Flu-like symptoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why gas gangrene is a common cause of death in wars?

<p>Because it progresses quickly from initial injury (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for Coccidioidomycosis?

<p>Antifungal therapy with Itraconazole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the form of Histoplasma capsulatum in the environment?

<p>Mold form (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of people with gas gangrene in a limb that require amputation?

<p>20-25% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which Clostridium perfringens causes tissue damage in Gas Gangrene?

<p>Alpha toxin produced by the bacteria causing vascular and tissue damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a predisposing factor for Hookworm Infection?

<p>Walking barefoot in contaminated soil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the ischemic area that allows Clostridium perfringens spores to germinate and produce toxins?

<p>Low blood flow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the fungal infection that causes Histoplasmosis?

<p>It is a systemic infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the phylum of the helminth that causes Hookworm Infection?

<p>Nematoda (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the lifecycle of Hookworm?

<p>Complex lifecycle involving multiple hosts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of debridement in treating gas gangrene?

<p>To remove necrotic tissue from the affected area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why Gas Gangrene is often associated with deep tissue wounds?

<p>The bacteria are obligate anaerobes and grow in low-oxygen environments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between ischemia and necrosis in the context of Gas Gangrene?

<p>Ischemia is reversible, while necrosis is irreversible (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the symptoms of Gas Gangrene?

<p>Severe pain and swelling, followed by rapid decline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of diagnosing Gas Gangrene?

<p>Symptoms and imaging tests (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the bacteria that causes Gas Gangrene?

<p>Gram-positive, anaerobic, and rod-shaped (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of surgical debridement in treating Gas Gangrene?

<p>To remove dead tissue and promote healing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of a large number of hookworms in the body?

<p>Anemia and fatigue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary habitat of Ascaris lumbricoides?

<p>Soil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the development of ascariasis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of a large number of worms in children?

<p>Impaired growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of prevention for soilborne diseases?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of untreated hookworm infection?

<p>Anemia and fatigue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of antiparasitic drugs in treating ascariasis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of ascariasis?

<p>Accidental ingestion of contaminated soil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

More Like This

Shipborne Meteorological Instruments Quiz
16 questions

Shipborne Meteorological Instruments Quiz

AffectionateCommonsense avatar
AffectionateCommonsense
Soilborne and Athropodborne Diseases
60 questions

Soilborne and Athropodborne Diseases

AbundantFreesia avatar
AbundantFreesia
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser