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Questions and Answers
What is the term used to describe soil transported by wind?
What is the term used to describe soil transported by wind?
- Lacustrine soil
- Aeolian soil (correct)
- Alluvial soil
- Marine soil
What is the Latin word from which the term 'soil' is derived?
What is the Latin word from which the term 'soil' is derived?
- Solia
- Sonum
- Soila
- Solium (correct)
What type of soil is formed through the deposition of soil particles by river water?
What type of soil is formed through the deposition of soil particles by river water?
- Marine soil
- Aeolian soil
- Alluvial soil (correct)
- Glacial soil
What is the term used to describe the removal of soil from rivulets by concentrated overland flow?
What is the term used to describe the removal of soil from rivulets by concentrated overland flow?
What would be the effect of planting trees on soil erosion?
What would be the effect of planting trees on soil erosion?
What type of soil is formed through the deposition of soil particles by glaciers?
What type of soil is formed through the deposition of soil particles by glaciers?
What type of soil is characterized by its strength depending on friction between particles?
What type of soil is characterized by its strength depending on friction between particles?
What is the term used to describe soil deposited in lakes?
What is the term used to describe soil deposited in lakes?
What is the name of the soil that is transported by flowing water?
What is the name of the soil that is transported by flowing water?
What is soil erosion?
What is soil erosion?
What is the term used to describe soil deposited in the sea?
What is the term used to describe soil deposited in the sea?
What is humidity?
What is humidity?
Which type of soil is known for being most fertile?
Which type of soil is known for being most fertile?
What is the term used to describe the settling and distribution of particles in the soil mass?
What is the term used to describe the settling and distribution of particles in the soil mass?
Who is known as the Father of Soil Mechanics?
Who is known as the Father of Soil Mechanics?
What is an incorrect process of physical disintegration in regards to the formation of soils?
What is an incorrect process of physical disintegration in regards to the formation of soils?
Why is sand not ideal for the preparation of mortar?
Why is sand not ideal for the preparation of mortar?
What happens to the compression index if the liquid limit is increased?
What happens to the compression index if the liquid limit is increased?
What type of soil is characterized by being sticky, plastic, and dark colored?
What type of soil is characterized by being sticky, plastic, and dark colored?
What is the property of sand that is ideal for construction?
What is the property of sand that is ideal for construction?
What is the correct formula for compression index?
What is the correct formula for compression index?
What is absolute humidity?
What is absolute humidity?
What is the term used to describe the arrangement of particles in the soil mass?
What is the term used to describe the arrangement of particles in the soil mass?
What is the primary method of preventing soil erosion?
What is the primary method of preventing soil erosion?
What is the term used to describe the moisture absorbed by a dry soil from the atmosphere?
What is the term used to describe the moisture absorbed by a dry soil from the atmosphere?
What is the characteristic of Gumbo soil?
What is the characteristic of Gumbo soil?
Why is Black cotton soil unsuitable for foundations?
Why is Black cotton soil unsuitable for foundations?
What is the coefficient of softening of clay?
What is the coefficient of softening of clay?
What is the characteristic of Peat soil?
What is the characteristic of Peat soil?
What is the effect of climatic changes on Loess soil?
What is the effect of climatic changes on Loess soil?
What is the characteristic of Loess soil in terms of permeability?
What is the characteristic of Loess soil in terms of permeability?
What is Marl soil composed of?
What is Marl soil composed of?
What is the characteristic of Black cotton soil?
What is the characteristic of Black cotton soil?
What is the suitable foundation for a shallow layer of Black cotton soil?
What is the suitable foundation for a shallow layer of Black cotton soil?
What is the characteristic of a soil sample with complete saturation?
What is the characteristic of a soil sample with complete saturation?
What is the mineral responsible for the low shearing strength of Black cotton soil?
What is the mineral responsible for the low shearing strength of Black cotton soil?
Which of the following statements is incorrect about Black cotton soil?
Which of the following statements is incorrect about Black cotton soil?
What is the suitable foundation for a deep layer of Black cotton soil?
What is the suitable foundation for a deep layer of Black cotton soil?
What is the characteristic of Loess soil?
What is the characteristic of Loess soil?
What type of system is a partially saturated soil sample?
What type of system is a partially saturated soil sample?
Study Notes
Origin of Soil and Soil Water Relationship
- Soil is derived from the Latin word "Solium", which means the upper layer of the earth that may be dug or plowed, specifically, the loose surface material of the earth in which plants grow.
Types of Soil
- Aeolian soil: soil transported by wind, like sand-dunes and loess.
- Alluvial soil: soil deposited by rivers or running water, often found at river banks.
- Marine soil: soil deposited by sea water.
- Lacustrine soil: soil deposited by still water, like lakes.
- Glacial soil: soil deposited by ice (till or drift).
Soil Erosion and Prevention
- Soil erosion: the detachment, transport, and deposition of soil particles on land surfaces.
- Planting trees and plants can reduce soil erosion by preventing sediment and soil settlement.
- Methods for preventing and reducing soil erosion include plantation of trees and plants, and controlling excessive grazing.
Soil Mechanics
- Father of Soil Mechanics: Dr. Karl Terzaghi, who coined the term "Soil Mechanics" in 1925.
- Soil mechanics involves the study of the physical properties and behavior of soils.
Physical Disintegration of Soil
- Physical disintegration of soil: the breakdown of soil particles into smaller fragments.
- Incorrect process of physical disintegration: spreading of roots of plants.
Soil Properties
- Cohesionless soil: soil whose strength depends on friction between particles, like sand or gravel.
- Fabric of soil: the geometrical arrangement of soil particles, including void spaces.
- Fertile soil: soil with adequate proportions of potash, phosphoric acid, and lime, ideal for plant growth, like alluvial soil.
Soil Types
- Gumbo: a black, sticky, plastic clay soil with small amounts of sand or organic material.
- Marl: a combination of clay, loam, and calcareous sands.
- Peat: a fibrous aggregate of decomposed vegetable matter.
- Loess: a uniformly graded silt deposit made by wind, with low density and high compressibility.
Soil Behavior
- Hygroscopic moisture: the trace moisture absorbed by dry soil from the atmosphere, held as a thin film on soil particles.
- Coefficient of softening for clay is zero, indicating that the compressive strength of saturated clay is zero.
Soil Applications
- Black cotton soil is unsuitable for foundations due to its high shrinkage and swelling characteristics, and low shearing strength.
- Raft foundations or uncler-reamed piles are used for structures on black cotton soil to counter its settling and swelling behavior.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of soil science, including the origin of soil and soil water relationships.
