Soil Properties and Formation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which author wrote the book 'Nature and Properties of Soil'?

  • L. Marshall
  • N.C. Brady (correct)
  • A. Jenny
  • H.H. Buckman

Which year was designated as the International Year of Soils?

  • 2016 (correct)
  • 2018
  • 2015
  • 2013

What is the study of earth's crust called?

  • Geology (correct)
  • Pedology
  • Petrology
  • Edaphology

How many years are required for the formation of one inch of soil?

<p>500-600 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process leads to the formation of parent material from rocks and minerals?

<p>Weathering (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a chief constituent of sand fraction?

<p>Quartz (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the active and passive factors of soil formation?

<p>Jenny (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does not have relevance after soil reaches its maturity?

<p>Time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vegetation is primarily associated with the Podzolization process?

<p>Narrow-leaved or coniferous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH level typically observed under the Podzolization process?

<p>Below 5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which land use is primarily restricted to the area affected by Podzolization?

<p>Forestry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process involving the accumulation of silica and removal of sesquioxides is known as what?

<p>Podzolization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parent material is associated with the Laterization process?

<p>Basaltic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the mixing of soils by animals such as ants and earthworms?

<p>Faunal pedoturbation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The accumulation of salts in soil forming a salty horizon is referred to as what?

<p>Salinization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when sodium ions are added to the exchange complex of clay?

<p>Alkalization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these early systems of soil classification focuses primarily on the economic value of the soil?

<p>Economical (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with introducing the Genetic system of soil classification?

<p>Dokuchaev (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary basis for the Genetic system of soil classification?

<p>Soil-forming factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these soil classifications is currently used in India?

<p>USDA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic defining Azonal soils?

<p>They lack distinct soil horizons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these groups of soils fall under the Intra zonal category?

<p>Saline, Calcimorphic, Hydromorphic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the founder of American pedology?

<p>Bladwin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which year saw the establishment of the All India Soil Survey and Land Use Organization?

<p>1956 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

What is Geology?

The study of earth crust formation, including its composition, structure, and properties.

What is Pedology?

The scientific study of soil formation, its properties, and how it interacts with the environment.

How does weathering form parent material?

Weathering breaks down rocks and minerals into smaller particles, creating the foundation for soil development.

What are active and passive soil formation factors?

Active factors are directly involved in soil formation, like climate and organisms. Passive factors are less dynamic, such as parent material and topography.

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What is Dokuchaev's equation for soil formation?

Dokuchaev's initial soil formation factors; S = f (P, Cl, O) represents soil (S) as a function of Parent material (P), Climate (Cl), and Organisms (O).

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What is Jenny's equation for soil formation?

Jenny's equation for soil formation: S = f (Cl, B, R, P, T), where S is soil, Cl is climate, B is biota, R is relief, P is parent material, and T is time.

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What is the end product of weathering?

The final product of weathering is the parent material, providing the raw ingredients for soil development.

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Describe the stages of weathering

Weathering progresses through stages: initial, juvenile, virile, and senile. Each stage exhibits different characteristics based on how much original material remains.

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Podzolization

The process of soil formation where silica accumulates and sesquioxides are removed, leading to a distinctive profile with an acidic upper layer.

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pH under Podzolization

Soil pH under Podzolization is acidic, typically below 5.

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Land use under Podzolization

Land use under Podzolization is mainly confined to forestry due to the acidic soil, which is unsuitable for most agricultural crops.

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Laterization

The process of soil formation where sesquioxides accumulate and silica is removed, typically occurring in tropical regions.

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Shifting agriculture and plantation crops

Shifting agriculture and plantation crops are primarily associated with Laterization because the resulting soil is suitable for certain crops, but not for intensive agriculture due to its low nutrient content.

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Who coined the term "laterite"?

The term "laterite" was coined by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton, an 18th-century Scottish physician and naturalist.

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Salinization

The process of soil formation characterized by the accumulation of salts such as sulphates and chlorides of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium in the upper layer of soil.

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Hydromorphic soils

Soils formed in waterlogged areas with poor drainage, typically characterized by the accumulation of organic matter and the reduction of iron.

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Early Soil Classification Systems

Early systems categorized soils based on practical aspects, like economic value (revenue department's focus), physical characteristics, chemical composition, geological origin, and geographical location.

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Genetic Soil Classification

Developed by Dokuchaev, this system emphasizes the role of soil-forming factors (climate, parent material, organisms, topography, and time) in shaping soil properties.

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Intrinsic Properties Based Classification

This classification system considers the intrinsic properties of soils, like texture, structure, and mineral composition, to group them.

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Soil Classification System in India

The USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) soil classification system is widely used in India.

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Founder of Modern Pedology

Dokuchaev is recognized as the Father of Modern pedology - the scientific study of soils.

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Well-Developed Soil Profile

Zonal soils prominently display soil horizons, indicating a well-developed soil profile due to long-term influence of climate and vegetation.

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Zonal Soils

Zonal soils reflect the influence of climate and vegetation, leading to distinct soil types across geographic zones.

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Azonal Soils

Azonal soils lack well-developed horizons, formed under recent conditions with minimal influence of climate and vegetation, often influenced by local factors.

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Study Notes

Chapter 1 Pedology

  • Author of "Nature and Properties of Soil": N. C. Brady
  • International Year of Soils: 2015
  • Study of Earth's Crust: Geology
  • Formation of 1 inch of Soil: 800-1000 years
  • Density of Core: 2.6 - 3.0 g/cm³
  • Density of Mantle: 3 - 4.5 g/cm³
  • Density of Crust: 2.6 - 3.0 g/cm³

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Pedology Chapter 1 PDF

Description

Test your knowledge about soil properties, formation processes, and ecological impacts in this comprehensive quiz. Explore key concepts, historical designations, and important soil constituents. Challenge yourself to understand the intricate dynamics of soil and its role in the environment.

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