Software Requirements Analysis II

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Questions and Answers

What are the four elements that compose the Interaction Model?

  • Use-cases, sequence diagrams, Gantt charts, user interface prototype
  • Use-cases, sequence diagrams, state diagrams, user interface prototype (correct)
  • Use-cases, sequence diagrams, state diagrams, design patterns
  • Use-cases, flowcharts, state diagrams, user interface prototype

Which of the following is NOT an element of the Interaction Model?

  • Class diagrams (correct)
  • Sequence diagrams
  • User interface prototype
  • State diagrams

What role does the user interface prototype play in the Interaction Model?

  • It illustrates how users will interact with the system (correct)
  • It outlines the internal code structure of the application
  • It defines the data structure of the application
  • It serves as a visual representation of data flow

Which UML notation is used to represent the different states of an object over time?

<p>State diagram (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the data tree for a component, which of the following is a component property?

<p>Part Type (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of the Environmental analysis packages?

<p>Character (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in creating a behavioral model?

<p>Evaluate all use-cases to understand interaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is part of the Characters analysis packages?

<p>SupportingRole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of building a state diagram in behavioral modeling?

<p>To show system responses to stimuli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these steps is involved in behavioral modeling after creating a sequence for each use-case?

<p>Review the behavioral model to verify accuracy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a class that is part of the solution space from one that is part of the problem space?

<p>It is used only for descriptive purposes. (B), It implements a required solution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered an external entity in the context of analysis classes?

<p>A person using the system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic identifies a potential class during the analysis phase?

<p>It must have identifiable operations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following manifestations would NOT be classified as an analysis class?

<p>The programming code for a software feature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does retained information play in recognizing a potential class?

<p>It is essential for the system's operational functionality. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT represent a manifestation of analysis classes?

<p>Services offered by a software package (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a requirement for a class to be deemed useful during analysis?

<p>It must hold information for system functionality. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of structure is defined as a manifestation of an analysis class?

<p>Four-wheeled vehicles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of developing use-cases in the context of WebApp analysis?

<p>To define user interaction scenarios (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following situations necessitates explicit analysis in WebApp development?

<p>The app is large and complex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is included in configuration analysis during the development of a WebApp?

<p>Details of the environment and infrastructure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do content objects represent in the context of the Content Model?

<p>The extracted elements from use-cases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In relation to content objects, what does the hierarchy maintained by a WebApp refer to?

<p>Structure of data as represented in UML (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the functional model primarily address in a WebApp?

<p>User observable functionality and behaviors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason for performing explicit analysis in WebApp projects?

<p>The app is being built with innovative technologies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagram is utilized to represent processing flow in a functional model?

<p>Activity diagram (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What methodology is mentioned for illustrating the relationships among content objects?

<p>Entity-relationship diagrams or UML (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the provided activity diagram, what happens when there are no components remaining on the BoMList?

<p>The process terminates. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential risk is associated with a large number of stakeholders in a WebApp project?

<p>It may lead to conflicting requirements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'determineDiscount' invocation in the activity diagram?

<p>To calculate applicable discounts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is 'lineCost' calculated according to the activity diagram?

<p>By multiplying price by quantity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adjustment is made to 'totalCost' when a discount is greater than zero?

<p>Discount is subtracted from total cost (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the role of analysis classes in the functional model?

<p>They implement behaviors associated with functional elements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'BoMList' refer to in the context of the activity diagram?

<p>List of components required for calculations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two different characterizations of states in behavioral modeling?

<p>State of each class and the observable state of the system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a passive state in an object?

<p>Current status of an object's attributes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the active state of an object indicate?

<p>The object's current status during transformation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the ControlPanel Class state diagram, what occurs when the password entered is incorrect and the number of tries is less than the maximum allowed?

<p>It moves to the key hit state (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition activates the 'locked' state in the ControlPanel Class?

<p>Number of tries exceeds maximum allowed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the functions performed when the password is valid in the ControlPanel Class state diagram?

<p>Select the next system state (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the relationship between passive and active states in an object?

<p>They provide a comprehensive view of an object's performance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition would cause the state diagram for the ControlPanel Class to move to 'comparing'?

<p>Key has been hit and password is entered (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Behavioral Model

A model that shows how software responds to external events or stimuli.

Use-Case Sequence

Describes the sequence of interactions within the system, driven by events that trigger actions.

State Diagram

A diagram that visualizes the possible states of a system and how it transitions between them based on events.

Behavioral Model Creation Steps: Step 1

Analyzing all use-cases to understand interactions and identify events that cause changes.

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Behavioral Model Creation Steps: Step 5

Creating a state diagram to summarize the system's behavior and transitions based on events.

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Solution Space Classes

Classes that are directly involved in the solution and will be implemented in the system's code. These classes are essential for the system to function.

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Problem Space Classes

Classes that describe the problem and its context, but are not directly implemented in the system's code. They help understand the problem and how the system will interact with it.

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External Entities

Classes that represent external entities such as other systems, devices, or people who interact with the system. They provide input or receive output from the system.

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Information Domain

Classes that model things such as reports, displays, letters, or signals. They represent the information domain of the problem.

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Occurrences or Events

Classes that represent occurrences or events that happen within the system. They model the actions or processes happening within the system.

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Roles

Classes that model the roles played by people interacting with the system. They represent the different functions performed by users.

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Organizational Units

Classes that represent organizational units such as divisions, groups, or teams. They show how the system is organized and how users are grouped.

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Places

Classes that represent places relevant to the problem and the functionality of the system. They create context and help understand the system's environment.

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Passive State

Represents the current status of an object's attributes.

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Active State

Represents the current status of an object undergoing a transformation or processing.

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State

A period of time where the object is inactive and waiting for an event.

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Transition

An action that causes an object to move from one state to another.

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Event

An event that triggers a transition, causing the object to change state.

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Guard Condition

The condition that must be met for a transition to occur.

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Action

An action that is performed when a transition occurs.

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Data Tree

A hierarchical arrangement of data elements, representing relationships between them, resembling a tree with branches.

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Interaction Model

A visual representation of how different components in a system interact with each other, often used in software development.

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Use Case

Describes the actions a user takes to achieve a goal within a system, often presented as a narrative.

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Sequence Diagram

Visually illustrates the order of steps in a process or interaction, showing how objects communicate with each other.

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Interaction Analysis

Describes the user interactions with a WebApp, including how they navigate, input data, and view information.

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Functional Analysis

The process of defining the operations that a WebApp performs on its content based on user interactions and use cases.

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Configuration Analysis

Analyzing the system environment, infrastructure, and dependencies where a WebApp will be hosted, including hardware, software, and networks.

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Merged Analysis & Design

Situations where analysis and design activities are intertwined and occur together.

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When do we perform analysis?

These are situations where a dedicated analysis phase is essential, particularly for large or complex projects involving multiple stakeholders.

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Content Objects

Elements extracted from use cases that represent the data or information managed and presented by the WebApp.

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Content Model

The structure and connections among content objects in a WebApp, shown through diagrams or models.

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What is the functional model?

The functional model in software development focuses on the observable actions performed by a web application for users and the internal operations within analysis classes that support those actions.

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What is an activity diagram used for?

An activity diagram is a graphical representation of processing flow. It illustrates the sequence of actions and their dependencies, including branching and parallel execution paths.

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How does an activity diagram represent user observable functionality?

An activity diagram can depict the flow of processing related to user observable functionality, such as the steps a web app takes to fulfill a user request.

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How does an activity diagram represent internal class operations?

Activity diagrams can also represent the internal operations within analysis classes, showing how objects interact and process data to execute behaviors.

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What might an activity diagram for 'calculating total cost' in a web app look like?

In the context of a web application, the 'total cost' calculation would involve actions such as retrieving product prices from a database, calculating shipping costs, applying discounts, and accumulating the final cost.

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What role do conditions play in activity diagrams?

When representing actions like calculating the total cost, an activity diagram might include decision points where alternative paths are taken based on conditions.

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What is the overall purpose of activity diagrams in web app development?

Activity diagrams can represent the flow of processing within a web application, showing the relationships between different parts of the system and the actions involved in fulfilling user requests.

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Why are activity diagrams important?

Activity diagrams are a powerful tool for understanding and representing the functional aspects of a web application, helping developers and stakeholders visualize how the system interacts with users and performs its internal actions.

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Study Notes

Software Requirements Analysis II: Class-Based Methods

  • Requirements modeling strategies include structured analysis (data and processes separate) and object-oriented analysis (focuses on classes and collaborations).
  • Class-based modeling represents objects manipulated by the system, operations (methods/services), relationships (hierarchical), and collaborations between classes.
  • Elements of a class-based model include classes, objects, attributes, operations, CRC models, collaboration diagrams, and packages.
  • Identifying analysis classes involves examining usage scenarios using a "grammatical parse" (underline nouns/noun phrases).
  • Manifestations of analysis classes include external entities, things, occurrences/events, roles, organizational units, places, and structures.
  • Potential classes are useful for analysis if information about them needs to be retained throughout the system's lifecycle and they must involve operations altering attributes.
  • Attributes describe classes, and examples include playing statistics or pension fund information for baseball players.
  • Operations (methods) are verbs in a processing narrative and are categorized into: manipulating data, computations, inquiring about object state, or monitoring for events.
  • CRC modeling (Class-Responsibility-Collaborator) uses index cards to represent classes, responsibilities, and collaborators, aiding in system or product requirement organization.
  • Analysis packages categorize elements like use cases and analysis classes for better organization and visibility, using plus/minus/hash symbols for access controls.

Behavioral Modeling

  • The behavioral model details how software responds to external events, requiring analysis of use cases, identifying interaction sequences and events, creating sequences for use cases, building state diagrams, and reviewing accuracy and consistency.
  • States in a system have characteristics (both passive and active), and state transitions occur based on events. Actions are the consequences of transitions.
  • Steps for creating a behavioral model include listing states, noting transitions and events, and drawing state diagrams or sequence diagrams.

Interaction Model

  • The interaction model is composed of use cases, sequence diagrams, state diagrams, and a user interface prototype. These diagram types are key UML notations.

Functional Model

  • The functional model details the user-observable elements and internal operations of a WebApp, and can be represented using activity diagrams. Activity diagrams represent the flow of processing.

Reviewing the CRC Model

  • CRC model participants should have separate collaborative cards and use cases should be grouped. Use-case scenarios should be used to review the responsibilities noted on model cards. Modifications to cards, or new class creation/revising of responsibilities may be necessary to fulfill identified needs.

Associations and Dependencies

  • Analysis classes are often related in associations, which can be refined by specifying multiplicity (cardinality) relations.
  • Client-server relationships often create dependency relationships from the client class to the server class.

Content Model

  • Use cases are crucial for extracting content objects. Content object attributes and relationships are extracted, including hierarchy where applicable.

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