Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the first fundamental activity in the software process?
What is the first fundamental activity in the software process?
Software Evolution refers to the creation of new software from scratch.
Software Evolution refers to the creation of new software from scratch.
False
Name one of the supporting activities in a software process.
Name one of the supporting activities in a software process.
Documentation
The process activity where software is checked against customer requirements is called __________.
The process activity where software is checked against customer requirements is called __________.
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Match the software process activity with its description:
Match the software process activity with its description:
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Which activity involves creating models like class diagrams and flow charts?
Which activity involves creating models like class diagrams and flow charts?
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Process descriptions do not include roles and responsibilities of people involved in the process.
Process descriptions do not include roles and responsibilities of people involved in the process.
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What is the outcome of architectural design in a software process?
What is the outcome of architectural design in a software process?
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In which situations is the Waterfall model preferred?
In which situations is the Waterfall model preferred?
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Incremental development involves developing an initial implementation that is then exposed to user feedback.
Incremental development involves developing an initial implementation that is then exposed to user feedback.
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What is a significant advantage of incremental development over the Waterfall model?
What is a significant advantage of incremental development over the Waterfall model?
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The activities in the incremental development process are not separated but __________ with feedback involved.
The activities in the incremental development process are not separated but __________ with feedback involved.
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What typically happens in the early increments of a system during incremental development?
What typically happens in the early increments of a system during incremental development?
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In the Waterfall model, it is acceptable to change the requirements after the project has started.
In the Waterfall model, it is acceptable to change the requirements after the project has started.
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Which industries tend to follow the Waterfall model due to strict standards and requirements?
Which industries tend to follow the Waterfall model due to strict standards and requirements?
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Match the following development models with their characteristics:
Match the following development models with their characteristics:
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What type of software development process requires all activities to be planned in advance?
What type of software development process requires all activities to be planned in advance?
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In agile processes, all requirements must be specified before development begins.
In agile processes, all requirements must be specified before development begins.
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What marks the post-condition after architectural design activities have been finished?
What marks the post-condition after architectural design activities have been finished?
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In the ________ model, specification, development, and validation are interleaved.
In the ________ model, specification, development, and validation are interleaved.
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Match the software process models with their descriptions:
Match the software process models with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of plan-driven processes?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of plan-driven processes?
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Real-time software in an aircraft can have its requirements developed concurrently with the program.
Real-time software in an aircraft can have its requirements developed concurrently with the program.
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What is an abstract representation of a process that provides a partial view of that process?
What is an abstract representation of a process that provides a partial view of that process?
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What is a major benefit of incremental development compared to the waterfall process?
What is a major benefit of incremental development compared to the waterfall process?
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The process visibility in incremental development is typically high.
The process visibility in incremental development is typically high.
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What happens to system structure as new increments are added in incremental development?
What happens to system structure as new increments are added in incremental development?
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Large systems need a stable ______ or architecture for effective incremental development.
Large systems need a stable ______ or architecture for effective incremental development.
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Which of the following is NOT a type of software component used in a reuse-oriented process?
Which of the following is NOT a type of software component used in a reuse-oriented process?
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Match the following software component types with their descriptions:
Match the following software component types with their descriptions:
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Change is viewed as capable of increasing the costs of software development in large projects.
Change is viewed as capable of increasing the costs of software development in large projects.
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What must be clearly defined among different teams developing parts of a large software system?
What must be clearly defined among different teams developing parts of a large software system?
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Study Notes
Software Processes
- Software engineering uses a systematic approach, sometimes called a software process, to create software products
- A software process is a sequence of activities that leads to software product creation
- Four fundamental activities are common to all software processes: specification, development, validation, and evolution
- Throughout, ongoing management and documentation activities accompany the process
Software Process Fundamental Activities
- Software Specification (Requirements): Users and developers define the desired software, its features, and constraints
- Software Development: The software is designed and programmed (involves creating models, algorithms, and programming)
- Software Validation (Testing): The software is assessed to ensure it meets the user's needs and requirements
- Software Evolution: The software is revised and adapted to accommodate changing needs and preferences (ongoing management and documentation are crucial here)
The Software Process in Practice
- Complex, including sub-activities (example: requirement validation and unit testing)
- Includes supporting activities, such as documentation and software configuration management
Software Process Descriptions
-
Descriptions focus on activities, such as data model specification or UI design, and their ordering
-
Also include:
- Products: Outcomes of a process activity, like an architectural design model
- Roles: Responsibilities of individuals involved (for example, project manager, configuration manager, programmer)
-
Pre- and post-conditions: Statements specifying the state of the system before and after a process activity. For example:"Before architectural design begins, all requirements must be approved" or "After design, the UML models describing the architecture must be reviewed"
Plan-Driven and Agile Processes
- Plan-driven: All process activities planned in advance, measuring progress against the original plan
- Agile: Planning is incremental, making adjustments easier to accommodate changing user needs
Different Types of Systems and Processes
- Different types of systems (e.g., real-time systems, e-commerce systems) require diverse development processes
- Specific activities may be organized differently, and described at different levels of detail, depending on the software being developed
Software Process Models
- A software process model is a way to visualize and represent a software process from a specific perspective
- Only shows limited information
- A process activity model illustrates activities and their order, but often omits details like roles
Software Process Models: Examples
- Waterfall Model: Plan-driven, with separate and distinct phases for specification and development
- Incremental Development: Specification, development, and validation are interleaved, with the system refined through successive versions (incremental releases)
- Reuse-Oriented Software Engineering: The system is assembled from existing components
The Waterfall Model
- A sequential approach where each phase must be completed before the next begins
- Activities are planned and scheduled before implementation starts
Waterfall Model Phases
- Requirements Definition
- System and Software Design
- Implementation and Unit Testing
- Integration and System Testing
- Operation and Maintenance
Waterfall Model Problems
- Difficulty accommodating change
- Potentially lengthy development timelines
Incremental Development Benefits
- Reduced cost of accommodating changes
- Easier to get customer feedback
- Easier to deliver value to customers faster
Incremental Development Problems
- Process not always immediately visible to project managers
- System structure can degrade if changes are not carefully managed
Reuse-Oriented Software Engineering Considerations
- Involves reusing existing software components from various sources
Three Types of Reuse Components
- Web services
- Collections of objects
- Standalone software systems
Coping With Change
- Change is inherent in large software projects
- Includes changes in user requirements, business priorities, and technology
- Rework is a significant cost associated with accommodating change
Software Prototyping
- A prototype is an initial version of a system, a way to try out design options
- Can be used during requirements engineering, design, and testing
Prototyping Benefits
- Improved system usability
- Improved alignment with user needs and preferences
- Reduced development effort
Prototyping Process
- Establish Prototype Objectives
- Define Prototype Functionality
- Develop Prototype
- Evaluate Prototype
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental activities involved in software processes, including specification, development, validation, and evolution. Understanding these concepts is essential for software engineering practices and ensures the creation of effective software products. Test your knowledge on how these activities interconnect and support software development.
