30 Questions
What is the primary goal of Systems Engineering (SE)?
To ensure that systems accomplish their intended purposes and are resilient to real-world operation
Based on the SE perspective, what does systems thinking emphasize?
The complexity and interrelation of systems
What approach does SE practitioners take to support the successful completion of system projects?
Holistic, balanced, life cycle approach
According to INCOSE Vision 2035, what is the responsibility of SE practitioners?
Ensuring that systems are fit for purpose and resilient to real-world operation
What does SE aim to achieve in terms of the pieces within a system?
To ensure that the pieces work together to achieve the objectives of the whole
What was the primary reason for the change from National Council on Systems Engineering (NCOSE) to International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) in 1995?
To accommodate international involvement
What has made SE methods and tools more adaptable and efficient?
Adoption of agile methods and Systems Modeling Language (SysML)
What did the 2013 study at the University of South Australia find regarding increasing SE effort within a project?
Improved project success up to an optimum level
According to the 2012 study by the NDIA, IEEE, and SEI, what were the relationships between SE activities and project performance?
Clear relationships with significant improvements in project maturity and performance
What is increasing the complexity of SE, requiring more focus on verifiability, safety, and trust of self-learning and evolving systems?
Digital engineering (DE) and Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML)
What is the primary focus of Systems Engineering?
Defining needs and managing risk
Which of the following is NOT a risk that Systems Engineering aims to manage?
Inadequate stakeholder engagement
What is the definition of a system according to the given text?
An arrangement of parts or elements that exhibit behavior or meaning as a whole
When did Systems Engineering as a formalized discipline emerge?
Middle of the 20th century
Who are some of the key figures in the history of Systems Engineering mentioned in the text?
Fagen, Hall, Schlager, Martin, and Goode and Machol
What percentage of projects delivered lower levels of performance?
52%
According to the text, what percentage of total life cycle cost is committed by the time 20% of costs are accrued?
80%
What is the main focus of system engineering in the commercial industry?
Development of innovative products and services
What does ISO/IEC/IEEE 42020 define as system architecture?
The set of components, interfaces, and relationships between components that define the functionality and organization of a system
What does the system boundary define?
What belongs to the system and what does not
Which concept is used to manage emergence in systems?
Variety engineering
What is the fundamental property of all systems mentioned in the text?
Emergence
In which systems does emergence occur?
Interoperating systems
What does the definition of the architecture of the system include, according to the text?
Analysis of interactions between system elements
Which property of systems encourages managing complexity through variety engineering?
Complexity dominance
What are the top-level system boundaries of the System Innovation Ecosystem Pattern?
System 1, System 2, and System 3
Which system is responsible for learning about and improving System 2?
System 3
What type of system is System 1 according to the text?
Engineered system subject to SE life cycle management
What is emphasized by the System Innovation Ecosystem Pattern?
Learning and execution aspects of the enterprise ecosystem
What is essential for effective learning and adaptation according to the text?
System innovation ecosystems
Study Notes
- SoI development requires concurrent consideration of interfacing, interoperating, and enabling systems.
- Failure to do so can result in significant costs and issues.
- System innovation ecosystems are essential for effective learning and adaptation.
- System innovation ecosystems are composed of individuals, teams, enterprises, supply chains, markets, and societies.
- System innovation ecosystems can be represented using the System Innovation Ecosystem Pattern.
- The pattern consists of three top-level system boundaries: System 1 (The Engineered System), System 2 (The Life Cycle Project Management System), and System 3 (The Enterprise Process and Innovation System).
- System 1 is an engineered system subject to SE life cycle management and includes medical devices, aircraft, consumer packaged goods, and gas turbine engines.
- System 2, a socio-technical system, provides the environment for System 1 over its life cycle and is responsible for learning about System 1 and effectively applying that learning.
- System 3, which includes formal life cycle management for the processes of System 2, is responsible for learning about and improving System 2.
- The System Innovation Ecosystem Pattern emphasizes learning and execution aspects of the enterprise ecosystem and directly integrates SE life cycle processes.
- The pattern is configurable to local enterprises, projects, or supply chains and can be used to plan migration increments.
Test your knowledge of software engineering project performance with this quiz. Analyze different levels of SE expertise and capability and their impact on project performance.
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