Software Engineering Process and Project Management
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of 'Software Maintenance'?

  • Fixing bugs, improving performance, and addressing customer needs (correct)
  • Completely rewriting the software from scratch
  • Designing a new user interface
  • Adding new features and functionalities

    • Which of the following is NOT a common reason why fixing a bug can introduce new bugs?

  • The bug fix itself contains errors
  • The fix changes system behavior in unforeseen ways
  • The fix may introduce dependencies on other software components
  • The fix utilizes a completely different programming language (correct)

    • What is the relationship between 'Requirements' and 'Testing' in the software engineering process?

  • Testing is performed at the end of the process, after the requirements are finalized.
  • Testing is not related to the requirements. They are independent steps.
  • Testing is used to validate that the software fulfills the defined requirements. (correct)
  • Requirements are developed based on the results of testing.

    • Which of the following tasks is typically involved in 'Deployment' of a software system?

    <p>Training users on how to use the new system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between a 'Software Engineer' and a 'Programmer'?

    <p>Software engineers are licensed professionals, while programmers are not. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these options best describes the key tasks in the detailed design phase of software development?

    <p>Understanding requirements, designing interfaces, and defining data structures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of encapsulation in object-oriented programming?

    <p>Allows for easier code reuse and reduces the risk of errors by hiding data and logic. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a key concept in object-oriented design?

    <p>Concurrency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of object-oriented programming, how does abstraction differ from encapsulation?

    <p>Abstraction focuses on defining a common interface, while encapsulation hides implementation details. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which data structure operates on a last-in-last-out (LIFO) principle?

    <p>Stack (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In detailed design, which of the following is NOT one of the key tasks?

    <p>User acceptance testing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of using an object-oriented design (OOD) approach over procedural design?

    <p>OOD makes it easier to debug and maintain code due to its modularity and reusability. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are UML diagrams primarily used for in the design process?

    <p>Modeling both structure and behavior of the system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle is concerned with the degree to which a component depends on other components?

    <p>Coupling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common method for documenting detailed design?

    <p>Software design specification (SDS) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a skill required for software engineers?

    <p>Graphic design expertise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the basic tasks of software engineering?

    <p>Requirement gathering (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a queue data structure?

    <p>Elements are processed in a first-in-first-out manner (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT typically included in a software design document (SDD)?

    <p>Marketing strategy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The COCOMO Model is used for what purpose?

    <p>Software cost estimation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model estimates software project cost based on a single variable?

    <p>Static Single Variable Model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of evaluating detailed design?

    <p>To identify potential faults in the design (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following areas does risk management NOT address?

    <p>Enhancing software aesthetics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between science and engineering?

    <p>Science provides the foundational principles that engineering applies in real-world applications. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of team-based group projects in software engineering?

    <p>Collaboration and role distribution among members (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of software cost estimation models?

    <p>To accurately determine effort, cost, and development time for projects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do functional requirements provide for a project?

    <p>Detailed statements of desired capabilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes non-functional requirements?

    <p>Statements about the quality of product behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major advantage of distributed architecture?

    <p>Resource sharing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym FURPS stand for in the context of system requirements?

    <p>Functionality, Usability, Reliability, Performance, Supportability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which requirement category focuses on the conditions under which the product must operate?

    <p>Operational requirements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which design principle focuses on minimizing interdependencies between components?

    <p>Coupling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diagram is used for modeling discrete behavior through finite state transitions?

    <p>State transition diagram (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In risk management, what is considered when evaluating a project's likelihood and severity?

    <p>Likelihood of risks and their potential impact (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of distributed architecture?

    <p>Resource sharing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do system requirements ensure for hardware or software applications?

    <p>They define business and user requirements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does decomposition help achieve in software design?

    <p>Simplification of complex problems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using documentation in project management?

    <p>To facilitate communication and clarity among stakeholders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which architecture is characterized by components working collaboratively over a network?

    <p>Distributed architecture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the models used for software cost estimation?

    <p>COCOMO (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which UML diagram shows object interactions in a sequential order?

    <p>Sequence diagram (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does higher cohesion in a software module indicate?

    <p>Better intra-dependency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Software Engineering Process

    • Software engineering involves requirement gathering, high-level design, low-level design, coding, testing, deployment, and maintenance
    • Requirements are documented physical or functional needs of a design, product, or process
    • System design involves decomposition, specifications, and tool selection
    • Software design documents include data flow, object-oriented design, and UML diagrams
    • Deployment includes new system setup, user training, on-site support, and bug fixes
    • Software maintenance modifies a product to correct faults or improve performance
    • Software engineers require computer skills/languages, problem-solving, logical thinking, communication skills, and teamwork
    • Software engineers are different from developers and programmers

    Project Management Tools

    • Software cost estimation models like COCOMO are used for estimating cost, effort, and development time for software projects
    • COCOMO (Constructive Cost Model) is a model created by Barry Boehm
    • Static Single Variable Model estimates effort, cost and development time for single-variable software projects
    • Static Multi-Variable Model estimates for multiple internal/external variables
    • Risk management is the process of understanding and managing risk events to improve success and reduce threats

    Requirements Categorization

    • Requirements are categorized in functional and non-functional types
    • Functional requirements describe project capabilities, including business rules
    • Non-functional requirements specify quality/constraints about the product, including performance and operational aspects
    • Requirements can be categorized via FURPS (Functionality, Usability, Reliability, Performance, Supportability) or FURPS+
    • System requirements specify necessary hardware or software configuration for application functionality
    • Requirements differ based on whether they're functional or non-functional

    Requirements Elicitation Techniques

    • Domain analysis involves understanding business context; increasing software quality, project duration, and product quality
    • Brainstorming is a group creativity technique for finding conclusions
    • Osborn's method (quantity, withhold criticism, combination, improvement): generating creative solutions

    Software Design

    • UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a general-purpose notation for complex software, particularly large object-oriented projects
    • It includes behavior diagrams (state machine/transition and sequence)
    • Decomposition is breaking a complex problem into smaller, manageable parts
    • Cohesion is the interdependence within a module; high cohesion is preferable
    • Coupling is the interdependence among modules; low coupling is preferable

    Object-Oriented Design

    • Encapsulation is hiding internal object information for better maintainability, reliability, and reusability
    • Abstracting is hiding implementation details for better maintainability, reliability, and reusability
    • OOP concepts: Inheritance, Polymorphism, Abstraction, Encapsulation, and more
    • POD vs. OOD: Procedural-Oriented vs. Object-Oriented designs in software projects

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    Software Engineering Test 1 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts in software engineering, including requirements gathering, system design, deployment, and maintenance. Additionally, it explores project management tools like the COCOMO model for estimating software project costs and efforts. Test your understanding of the software development lifecycle and important methodologies.

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