Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a fundamental activity included in a software process?
Which of the following is NOT a fundamental activity included in a software process?
- Evolution
- Validation
- Documentation (correct)
- Specification
What differentiates agile processes from plan-driven processes?
What differentiates agile processes from plan-driven processes?
- Agile processes strictly follow a fixed timeline.
- Agile processes emphasize upfront planning.
- Agile processes require exhaustive documentation.
- Agile processes allow for incremental planning. (correct)
Which software process model consists of separate and distinct phases for specification and development?
Which software process model consists of separate and distinct phases for specification and development?
- Agile Development
- Reuse-oriented Engineering
- Incremental Development
- Waterfall Model (correct)
In practice, how are most large software systems developed?
In practice, how are most large software systems developed?
The Rational Unified Process is an example of what type of software process?
The Rational Unified Process is an example of what type of software process?
Which of the following best describes the term 'software process model'?
Which of the following best describes the term 'software process model'?
Which type of process involves planning all activities in advance and measuring progress against this plan?
Which type of process involves planning all activities in advance and measuring progress against this plan?
What is a key characteristic of reuse-oriented software engineering?
What is a key characteristic of reuse-oriented software engineering?
What is the primary purpose of the risk assessment and reduction phase in the spiral model?
What is the primary purpose of the risk assessment and reduction phase in the spiral model?
Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of the spiral model?
Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of the spiral model?
What is one of the benefits of the spiral model in software development?
What is one of the benefits of the spiral model in software development?
At which point in the spiral model are project objectives specifically identified?
At which point in the spiral model are project objectives specifically identified?
What inherent feature of the spiral model can potentially lead to increased project duration and costs?
What inherent feature of the spiral model can potentially lead to increased project duration and costs?
What is one major drawback of the incremental development process?
What is one major drawback of the incremental development process?
Which of the following is a component of the reuse-oriented software engineering process?
Which of the following is a component of the reuse-oriented software engineering process?
What does Boehm's spiral model emphasize in software development?
What does Boehm's spiral model emphasize in software development?
Which type of software component is designed for remote invocation?
Which type of software component is designed for remote invocation?
Which of the following describes a concern with incremental development?
Which of the following describes a concern with incremental development?
Which of the following is NOT a stage in the reuse-oriented software engineering process?
Which of the following is NOT a stage in the reuse-oriented software engineering process?
What is essential for maintaining the software structure in incremental development?
What is essential for maintaining the software structure in incremental development?
In reuse-oriented software engineering, what is a COTS system?
In reuse-oriented software engineering, what is a COTS system?
Which phase follows implementation and unit testing in the waterfall model?
Which phase follows implementation and unit testing in the waterfall model?
What is a major limitation of using the waterfall model?
What is a major limitation of using the waterfall model?
In which scenario is the waterfall model most appropriate?
In which scenario is the waterfall model most appropriate?
What is one of the key benefits of incremental development compared to the waterfall model?
What is one of the key benefits of incremental development compared to the waterfall model?
What advantage does incremental development provide in terms of customer interaction?
What advantage does incremental development provide in terms of customer interaction?
Which of the following best describes the project partitioning in the waterfall model?
Which of the following best describes the project partitioning in the waterfall model?
How does incremental development benefit software delivery to customers?
How does incremental development benefit software delivery to customers?
What is a characteristic feature of the waterfall model concerning project phases?
What is a characteristic feature of the waterfall model concerning project phases?
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Study Notes
Software Processes Overview
- Software processes consist of structured activities to develop software systems.
- Fundamental activities include specification, design and implementation, validation, and evolution.
Software Process Models
- Models provide abstract representations of processes with various perspectives.
- Major types include:
- Waterfall Model: Plan-driven with distinct phases.
- Incremental Development: Interleaved specification, development, and validation, can be plan-driven or agile.
- Reuse-oriented Software Engineering: Assembles systems from existing components, applicable for both plan-driven and agile approaches.
Waterfall Model
- Phases of the waterfall model include:
- Requirements analysis and definition.
- System and software design.
- Implementation and unit testing.
- Integration and system testing.
- Operation and maintenance.
- Its rigidity makes change difficult once a phase is complete, leading to limited adaptability for changing requirements.
Waterfall Model Limitations
- Inflexible project partitioning complicates response to evolving customer needs.
- Best suited for projects with well-understood and stable requirements.
- Commonly used in large systems engineering projects that require coordinated planning across multiple sites.
Incremental Development
- Reduces costs for accommodating changing requirements compared to the waterfall model.
- Facilitates customer feedback through regular demonstrations, enhancing user satisfaction.
- Allows for faster delivery of useful software features.
Incremental Development Challenges
- Lack of process visibility can hinder progress measurement for managers.
- System structure may degrade over time as new increments are introduced; refactoring is necessary to maintain integrity.
Reuse-oriented Software Engineering
- Focuses on systematic reuse and integration from existing components or Commercial-off-the-Shelf (COTS) systems.
- Stages include component analysis, requirements modification, system design with reuse, development, and integration.
- Increasingly standard for business system development.
Types of Software Components
- Web services developed to service standards.
- Object collections integrated with frameworks like .NET or J2EE.
- Stand-alone COTS software configured for specific environments.
Boehm's Spiral Model
- Represents processes as a spiral, emphasizing iterative development and continuous risk assessment.
- Each loop corresponds to a phase, adapting based on specific needs rather than fixed stages.
Spiral Model Phases
- Objective setting: Identifying phase-specific goals.
- Risk assessment and reduction: Evaluating and mitigating key risks.
- Development and validation: Choosing an appropriate development model.
- Planning: Reviewing and planning for the next spiral phase.
Spiral Model Insights
- Influential in promoting iterative thinking and risk-driven development in software processes.
- Rarely implemented as originally proposed for practical projects due to various limitations.
Spiral Model Disadvantages
- Requires experts for risk analysis, limiting applicability for smaller projects.
- Potential for indefinite project duration and cost due to its iterative nature.
- Documentation can become excessively lengthy and burdensome.
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