Software Engineering Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which activity is specifically built by the software team for the project's needs?

  • Training end-users
  • Software design (correct)
  • Market analysis
  • Documentation

Which of the following is NOT one of the attributes of quality software?

  • Usability
  • Integrity
  • Adaptation
  • Efficiency (correct)

Who is responsible for gathering information about the product and the target audience's needs?

  • Software Tester
  • Project Manager
  • Business Analyst (correct)
  • Software Architect

What is the role of the Engineering Manager?

<p>Support their department and ensure they have resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which issue in software development is related to collaboration among teams?

<p>Inadequate Communication Amongst Teams (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phase outlines the desired functions and expected system behavior?

<p>Definition Phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who acts as the decision-maker regarding the internal arrangement of the software?

<p>Software Architect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following roles focuses on how people work together to achieve technical goals?

<p>Engineering Manager (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action does the PUT method perform in HTTP?

<p>Replaces all current representations of a resource (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the GET method?

<p>Retrieves data and should not modify it (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best defines a framework in software development?

<p>A set of rules and tools to build applications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used to send user data such as customer information to the server?

<p>POST (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of Laravel as a PHP framework?

<p>It features a modular structure and elegant syntax (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is routing defined in a web application using Laravel?

<p>It maps URLs to specific controllers or actions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which HTTP method is designed to delete a resource identified by a URI?

<p>DELETE (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a library provide in software development?

<p>Pre-written code and functions for specific tasks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) in web development?

<p>To design the front-end portion of web pages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technology is primarily responsible for styling web pages?

<p>Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of JavaScript in web development?

<p>To enhance website interactivity and functionality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Asynchronous Javascript and XML (AJAX) is primarily used for what purpose in web applications?

<p>Communicating with the server without refreshing the web page (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'backend development' focus on in a web application?

<p>The server-side processes that users do not see (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a web server's function?

<p>To serve files and process users' network requests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does web development refer to?

<p>The creation, building, and maintenance of websites (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about web pages is true?

<p>Web pages are digital documents linked to the World Wide Web (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary role does the Blade template engine play in Laravel?

<p>It compiles code into static HTML files. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature of Laravel provides an Active Record implementation for database interactions?

<p>Eloquent ORM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of middleware in Laravel?

<p>To filter HTTP requests. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Auth middleware check in Laravel?

<p>If the user visiting the page is authenticated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Laravel feature protects against cross-site request forgery?

<p>CSRF token (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of Laravel is primarily responsible for handling command-line operations?

<p>Artisan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What architectural pattern does Laravel use for developing user interfaces?

<p>Model-View-Controller (MVC) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a listed feature of Laravel?

<p>Database migrations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of the @foreach directive?

<p>To loop through arrays and collections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the @forelse directive provide that @foreach does not?

<p>An empty section for when the loop is empty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which directive is used to check if a condition is true?

<p>@if (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When would you typically use the @for loop?

<p>When the number of iterations is known (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the @empty directive?

<p>It checks if a variable is considered empty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional functionality does @elseif provide within conditional rendering?

<p>It permits checking multiple conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which directive would you use to include raw PHP code within a Blade template?

<p>@php (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is displayed when a @forelse loop is executed but the array is empty?

<p>Content in the @empty section is rendered (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the GET method in REST?

<p>To provide read-only access to a resource (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which HTTP method is typically used to remove a resource in REST?

<p>DELETE (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What format is commonly used to send REST messages?

<p>JSON or XML (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the PUT method in REST interactions?

<p>To update or create a resource (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'resource controller' refer to in a RESTful API?

<p>A component providing CRUD routes to a controller (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a HTTP method used in REST?

<p>FETCH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the interaction model of REST?

<p>It involves computers communicating over a network using HTTP methods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does a 'method' play in the context of REST APIs?

<p>It defines functions to encapsulate logic related to HTTP requests. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Software Components

Specific software parts developed by the team for a project's needs.

Software Quality Attributes

Key characteristics that measure how good software is (correctness, maintainability, integrity, usability).

Project Manager

Supervises software development, ensuring timelines and market entry are met.

Business Analyst

Gathers information about the product, defines needs and connect market to engineers.

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Engineering Manager

Supports the development team, ensuring resources and efficient teamwork.

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Software Architect

Makes design decisions about software's internal structure.

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Definition Phase (WHAT)

Initial phase of software development where requirements are determined.

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Software Development Issues

Problems like poor communication, scheduling, and insufficient testing can impact software development.

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Frontend Development

The part of web development that deals with what a user sees and interacts with.

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Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

A markup language used to structure web pages.

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Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

A language used to style and format web pages.

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JavaScript

A scripting language used to add interactivity to web pages.

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Asynchronous Javascript and XML (AJAX)

A technique for exchanging data with a server without requiring a full page reload.

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Web Browser

Software application used to access and display web pages.

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Web Server

A program that receives and fulfills requests for web pages.

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Web Page

A document that can be accessed via a web browser.

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Full Stack Developer

A developer who works on both the front-end (user interface) and back-end (server-side logic) of a web application.

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GET

An HTTP method used to retrieve data from a server. It's like requesting information from a website.

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POST

An HTTP method used to send data to a server. It's like submitting a form or uploading a file.

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PUT

An HTTP method used to replace existing data on a server. It's like overwriting a file with new content.

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DELETE

An HTTP method used to remove data from a server. It's like deleting a file from a website.

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What is HTTP Protocol?

A set of rules that govern how web browsers and web servers communicate with each other.

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Framework

A pre-built structure or skeleton that provides a foundation for building web applications. It includes tools, guidelines, and components.

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Library

A collection of pre-written code that you can use in your software projects. It's like a toolbox with ready-made tools.

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Laravel Template Engine

A powerful feature of Laravel that allows developers to create web applications with reusable components, simplifying development and making code more efficient.

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Eloquent ORM

A tool in Laravel that makes working with databases much easier by providing a simple way to interact with tables and data.

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Middleware in Laravel

A mechanism used to intercept and modify HTTP requests before they reach the application's core, providing security and control.

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CSRF Protection

A safety feature in Laravel that helps prevent malicious cross-site request forgery attacks, protecting your application from unauthorized actions.

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Authentication Middleware

A specific type of middleware that verifies if a user is logged in before allowing them to access certain pages or features.

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Artisan Command Line Interface

A powerful tool in Laravel that allows developers to automate tasks and manage their project from the command line, making development more efficient.

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MVC Architectural Pattern

A common software design pattern that separates the application into three interconnected parts: Model (data), View (presentation), and Controller (logic), making development organized and easier to maintain.

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What is Laravel?

Laravel is a popular PHP framework that simplifies web application development by providing a robust set of features, tools, and conventions. It focuses on elegance, security, and developer productivity, making it a powerful choice for building complex web applications.

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Blade @foreach Loop

Used to iterate over an array or collection of items, allowing access to both the key and value for each item. Ideal for looping through associative arrays or collections.

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Blade @forelse Loop

Similar to @foreach, but includes an @empty section that is activated when the loop is empty. This lets you display alternative content if there are no items to iterate over.

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Blade @for Loop

Used when you know the exact number of loop iterations, useful for tasks requiring a specific count. Great for repeating actions a fixed number of times.

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Blade @if Directive

Checks a condition (true/false) and conditionally executes the code within its block. Allows you to selectively display content based on a specific logic.

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Blade @elseif Directive

Used within an @if block to test additional conditions when the initial @if condition fails. Provides alternative execution paths based on multiple conditions.

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Blade @else Directive

An optional part of an @if block that executes if all preceding @if and @elseif conditions are false, providing a default or fallback behavior.

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Blade @php Directive

Allows you to execute arbitrary PHP code directly within your Blade templates. Useful for dynamic logic or calculations.

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empty() Function

A function that checks if a variable is considered 'empty'. Returns true if the variable is empty (null, empty string, empty array, false, or zero), and false otherwise.

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REST API

A set of rules for how computers talk to each other over a network using HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) to exchange data in formats like XML or JSON. It allows flexible communication without strict message definitions.

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HTTP Methods

Actions used in REST APIs to interact with data, like retrieving information (GET), creating new resources (POST), updating existing resources (PUT), or deleting resources (DELETE).

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GET (HTTP)

Used to retrieve data from a resource (like reading information about a specific user). It only provides read-only access.

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POST (HTTP)

Used to create a new resource (like adding a new user) or to update an existing resource (like updating a user's profile).

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PUT (HTTP)

Used to create a new resource or to fully replace an existing resource with new data.

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DELETE (HTTP)

Used to remove a resource (like deleting a user account).

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Method (in OOP)

A function within a class that encapsulates logic and behavior related to that class or object. It's used to handle different actions, like responding to HTTP requests.

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Resource Controller

A software component responsible for providing the CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) routes, enabling easy access to resources.

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Study Notes

Software Engineering

  • Software engineering is the application of scientific and practical knowledge to create, design, build, maintain, and improve software systems.
  • It's a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to software development, operation, and maintenance.
  • Early approaches were informal, leading to issues like delays, high costs, and unreliability.
  • Today, software engineering is a constantly evolving field.
  • Software is a collection of integrated programs.
  • Software engineering is a critical link between the user, application, and hardware.

Application Software

  • Application software consists of standalone programs that solve specific business needs in real-time.
  • Examples include compilers, operating systems, and device drivers.

Engineering/Scientific Software

  • Characterized by number-crunching algorithms, used for tasks such as computer-aided design (CAD) and system simulation.

Embedded Software

  • Embedded software resides in read-only memory and controls products and systems.
  • Has limited functionality and performs esoteric tasks.
  • Examples include keypad controls for microwave ovens.

Product Line Software

  • Software designed to provide specific capabilities across many customers.
  • Focuses on limited and specialized markets, frequently in personal computing (e.g., word processors, spreadsheets).

Web Applications

  • Web applications are sophisticated computing environments, primarily consisting of interconnected hypertext files.
  • Evolving to include integrated features, corporate databases, and business applications.
  • Examples: Websites, web-based software.

Artificial Intelligence Software

  • Software utilizing non-numerical algorithms to solve problems not easily solved computationally.
  • Examples include robotics, expert systems, and game playing.

Components of a Software Product

  • Off-the-shelf components: Existing software acquired from third parties.
  • Full experience components: Software similar to current projects, using experienced team members.
  • Partial experience components: Existing but related projects needing modification for the current project.
  • New components: Software components built specifically for the project's needs.

Software Quality Attributes

  • Correctness: Functionality aligns with specifications
  • Maintainability: Easy to update and modify
  • Integrity: Data accuracy and reliability
  • Usability: Ease of use and user experience

Issues in Software Development

  • Inadequate communication between teams
  • Poor scheduling
  • Lack of software testing

Generic Phases of Software Engineering

  • Definition Phase ("WHAT"): Determining needs (data, function, performance, interfaces, design constraints, validation criteria).
  • Development Phase ("HOW"): Structuring data, implementing functions, defining interfaces, creating designs, programming, and testing.
  • Support Phase: Addressing issues like correction, adaptation, and enhancement, and prevention of future problems.

Software Development Roles

  • Project Manager: Supervises development process, market entry.
  • Business Analyst: Studies and gathers info about the product and target audience; acts as a bridge between the market and engineers.
  • Engineering Manager: Supports department, provides resources, focuses on team work, ensures project objectives are met.
  • Software Architect: Defines architecture based on requirements
  • Software Developers: Write and debug code
  • UX/UI Designers: Focus on user interface
  • QA Engineers/Testers: Ensure software quality, compliance with standards.
  • Scrum Master: Facilitates communication, collaboration, and team functioning

Types of Software Testing

  • Unit testing: Unit functionality is evaluated.
  • Integration testing: Modules are tested together.
  • Functional testing: Functionality against specifications.
  • Security testing: Potential weaknesses in security.
  • Acceptance testing: Evaluating overall system conformance.
  • Performance testing: Assessing application speed, scalability.
  • Regression testing: New features or changes do not adversely affect existing functionalities.
  • Stress testing: Measures the robustness of software under heavy load.

Web Development

  • Frontend development: User-facing side of websites (visual elements).
  • Backend development: Server-side functionality; data storage, logic, and processing.
  • HTML: Structured language for creating web page content.
  • CSS: Language to style HTML elements (presentational aspect).
  • JavaScript: Adds interactivity to websites (behaviour).
  • AJAX: Allows interaction with the server without reloading the page improving user experience.

Web Technologies

  • WWW (World Wide Web): An interconnected system of information.
  • Web browsers: Applications to access and view data on the internet.
  • Web servers: Programs that handle requests for web pages.
  • HTTP: Protocol governing communication between web browsers and web servers.
  • HTTP Methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE): Instructions for what web pages should do.

Software Engineering Methodologies

  • MVC (Model-View-Controller): A software architectural pattern separating model, view, and controller.
  • Laravel: Model-View-Controller framework for building, implementing websites and applications in PHP, offering a modular structure and built-in features.
  • Routing: Laravel feature for defining how requests are handled on a website. Different kinds of routes can be created like basic, specific URL routes or routes based on some conditions.
  • Blade Templating engine: Generates the layout of the pages.
  • Layouts: Defines overall structure shared across many pages.
  • Yield directives: Places content into a particular area defined in the layout.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamentals of software engineering, including its applications and types such as application software and embedded software. Understand the evolution of software practices and the importance of systematic approaches to software development. Test your knowledge on key concepts and terminology related to this critical field.

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