Software Engineering in Industrial Practice (IN2235)
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Questions and Answers

What is the significance of logical separation in architectural principles?

  • It enables the violation of other principles without reason.
  • It dictates that all components must be identical.
  • It leads to the automatic adherence of many other principles. (correct)
  • It requires all components to be tightly coupled.

How is open extensibility related to code modification?

  • It promotes frequent changes to existing code bases.
  • It allows third-party extensions without code alteration. (correct)
  • It limits component modification entirely.
  • It requires extensive modifications for adding new features.

Which architectural principle emphasizes simplicity in design?

  • Loose coupling
  • Encapsulated complexity
  • Over simplicity (correct)
  • Strong cohesion

What characteristic defines a well-designed component?

<p>It encapsulates behavior and state while hiding complexity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of loose coupling advocate for?

<p>Each component should operate independently from others. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of problem-solving heuristics?

<p>To provide experience-based techniques for effective problem solving (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which heuristic involves changing one’s perspective on a problem?

<p>Lateral Thinking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the process of 'Reduction' imply in problem-solving heuristics?

<p>Transforming a problem into a previously solved one (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disciplines involves classifying facts with tags?

<p>Structure and sort (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the 'Divide & Conquer' heuristic?

<p>To break a larger problem into smaller, manageable parts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the software requirements specifications?

<p>Use cases and scenarios (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the software engineering life cycle includes defining the project's goal and establishing resources?

<p>Inception (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the software architecture specifications?

<p>Evaluating development and deployment views (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the 'Transition' phase in software development?

<p>The phase where the final product is rolled out (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'Cone of uncertainty' in a project?

<p>To show how project scope variability changes over time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which document is part of software documentation results focused on technology?

<p>Usage tutorial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase are regular bug fixes and updates performed?

<p>Production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT typically a part of the software implementation results?

<p>Visual design (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason for implementing offline capability in applications?

<p>To ensure high availability even with network failures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which maturity level allows clients to perform atomic read/write operations on locally cached data?

<p>Offline Read &amp; Atomic Write (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the Offline Unaware maturity level?

<p>The client fails implicitly with network errors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT influence offline capability issues?

<p>High server load (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of version control?

<p>It involves systematically versioning all source code artifacts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of an Architecture Description in addition to what it states?

<p>Insights gained from previous projects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is crucial for minimizing risk during the Stepwise Refinement process?

<p>Incremental analysis and improvement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic does not define a good interface?

<p>Overly complex data structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant difference between a Library and a Framework?

<p>Libraries often control the program flow, while frameworks do not (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following terms describes the units produced by horizontal slicing of code or data?

<p>Modules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method can reduce the number of communication paths among N components to N?

<p>Bus architecture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the separate programs executing around specific functionalities called in tier slices?

<p>Microservices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a cluster architecture aimed at enhancing read performance?

<p>Replication of data among nodes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Between which two phases of release management is the release branch typically created from the trunk in a version control system?

<p>Build and Deployment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four types of external storage locations recognized in the Assembly Process Architecture?

<p>Local Repository, Remote Server, Cloud Storage, Document Management System (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the copy of the production environment where user acceptance testing is conducted?

<p>Staging Environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which maturity level in software release management indicates incomplete and unstable functionality?

<p>Initial (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Software Release Management, which maturity level corresponds to a complete but typically unstable functionality?

<p>Managed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two actor systems control the automated integration and installation process in the DevOps pipeline pattern?

<p>Continuous Integration Server and Deployment Automation Tool (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technology life-cycle model reflects the maturity of a technology over time?

<p>S-Curve Model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be documented in the Architecture Description of an application?

<p>Key Architectures and Design Decisions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Logical Separation

Separating a solution into manageable structural components

Loose Coupling & Strong Cohesion

Components are independent but functional within themselves.

Open Extensibility & Close Changeability

Components are easily added by others, and adding new features shouldn't change existing code.

Over Simplicity

Design the solution as simple as possible, and only as complicated as necessary

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Encapsulated Complexity

Complex issues are bundled into a single component

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Software Requirements Specifications

Document detailing the features and functions of a software product, encompassing customer journeys, solution visions, functional and non-functional requirements, along with domain and data models and use cases.

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Software Architecture Specifications

Document outlining the software's technical structure, including viewpoints (context, information, development, operations) and perspectives.

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Software Implementation Results

The tangible output of the development process, encompassing source code, build/test automation, and deployment/operation tools and codes in binary form.

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Software Documentation Results

Documents explaining how to use and maintain the software, including user guides, functional references, release information, operational guides, and configuration details.

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Software Development Phases

Sequential stages in a software project's life cycle: Inception, Elaboration, Construction, and Transition, followed by Maintenance (Production, Retirement, Termination).

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Cone of Uncertainty

The changing variability of a project's scope (e.g., cost, effort, features) over time.

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Software Artefact

A created item in a software development process like code or documentation.

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Internal Artefacts

Software artefacts created within a specific SE discipline, not for direct user use (beyond the software itself).

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Offline Capability Importance

Essential for good user experience when the client/server network is unavailable

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Offline Scenarios Maturity Levels

Describes the capabilities of an application in offline phases, offering various functionalities.

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Offline Unaware

Client fails silently with network errors.

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Offline Aware

Client disables the UI and shows an error message when offline

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Version Control Architecture

Versioning source code artefacts systematically within a Version Control System (like Git or Subversion).

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Disciplines of Fact Processing

Four steps to understand and process information: Investigate & research, Structure & sort, Reduce & complement, and Integrate & present.

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Problem Solving Heuristics

Techniques used to solve problems when other methods are not working.

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Brainstorming (heuristic)

Generating many spontaneous ideas for solutions to a problem.

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Analogy (heuristic)

Solving a problem by finding a similar one and applying its solution.

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Root Cause Analysis (heuristic)

Finding the underlying cause of a problem by investigating each step.

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Architecture Description Focus

An IT concept should document 'HOW' a system is structured, not just 'WHAT' it does. It should focus on the system's architecture, detailing its components and how they interact.

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Architecture Description Insights

An Architecture Description should provide deep insights into a system's design, addressing its strengths, weaknesses, potential risks, and future scalability.

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Stepwise Refinement in Architecture

In architecture, stepwise refinement involves gradually breaking down a complex system into smaller, manageable components, iteratively refining each component until the entire system is complete. This process involves continuous risk assessment and mitigation.

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Architecture Principles

These are fundamental guidelines that govern the design and implementation of a system. They define the desired qualities and properties of the architecture, ensuring it meets functional and non-functional requirements.

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Component Characteristics

Components within a system have specific characteristics that define their behavior and interaction with other components. These include purpose, responsibilities, interfaces, data relationships, and interactions.

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Finding Component Boundaries

To effectively structure a system into components you need to find the best places to split the code or data. Two common approaches are 'horizontal slicing' - separating code based on functional areas, and 'vertical slicing' - separating by layers or tiers.

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Interface Characteristics

Interfaces define how components interact with each other, specifying the information exchanged, communication protocols and access constraints. They play a crucial role in maintaining the overall system's integrity and isolation.

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Good Interface Characteristics

Well-designed interfaces should be: 1. Clear and well-defined. 2. Consistent and predictable in behavior. 3. Flexible and adaptable to changes. 4. Secure and robust against malicious attacks.

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When to Branch in Release Management?

In a Version Control System (VCS), the release branch is typically branched off from the trunk during the period between the development phase and the release phase.

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Short-Circuit Transitions in Assembly

The Assembly Process Architecture supports up to four Short-Circuit Transitions to expedite the deployment process by allowing a shortcut from the Build Standard Process to the Deployment Standard Process. This is useful for skipping certain steps when time is limited.

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External Storage Locations in Assembly Process

The Assembly Process Architecture recognizes four types of external storage locations: Source Code Management, Artifact Repository, Configuration Management, and Deployment Environment.

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Copy of Production Environment for UAT

The staging environment is a replica of the Production environment used for various testing purposes, including User Acceptance Testing (UAT), ensuring that the application behaves as expected before going live.

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Actors in DevOps Pipeline Pattern

The Continuous Integration (CI) system and the Continuous Delivery (CD) system are the two key actors responsible for automating the integration and installation processes within the DevOps pipeline pattern.

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Most Reusable Artifact in Software Development

In the software development value chain, source code is considered the most reusable artifact as it can be modified and reused in different projects, leading to faster development and reduced costs.

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Maturity Level with Incomplete Functionality

In the Software Release Management Maturity Levels, Level 1 represents a stage where the software has incomplete and unstable functionality, indicating an early stage of development.

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Maturity Level with Complete but Unstable Functionality

In the Software Release Management Maturity Levels, Level 2 indicates that the software has complete but typically unstable functionality, suggesting that the software is feature-complete but may still have bugs or performance issues.

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Study Notes

Software Engineering in Industrial Practice (IN2235)

  • This course covers software engineering in industrial practice
  • It discusses traditional software development approaches, standard software development, open-source software development
  • Four classes of software include graphics and media, business and data, machinery and network, and development and tools
  • Key software classes are custom software development, standard software development, and open-source software development
  • Standard and open-source are highly customizable and fully reusable
  • Graphics and media software includes graphics; editing application (standard and open source), and graphics animation engine (custom and standard) commonly for games and TV
  • Business and data classes include applications for productivity (standard and open source) and business information systems (custom and standard) used for information management
  • Machinery and network systems include technical control systems and network communication systems (open source) for operating a physical/virtual computing device
  • Software development tools and kits libraries and frameworks of reusable functionality for developing software
  • There are also operating system tools for high-level operating physical virtual computing devices

Software Development Approaches

  • Four kinds of software development approaches exist: prototyping, bricolage, craftsmanship, and engineering
  • Software prototyping involves creating a sample or model of a software solution to test concepts
  • Software bricolage involves integrating partial solutions to prove feasibility
  • Software craftsmanship focuses on developing production-grade solutions with professional skill
  • Software engineering is a systematic application of engineering principles for complex problems to create production-grade solutions

Software Engineering Metamodel

  • Software engineering can be understood through a metamodel based on four linked models
  • Craftsmanship addresses the "how" and "why" of individual developer practices, tools, and templates
  • Discipline specifies different areas in which engineers are engaged, covering different inputs and outputs
  • Workflow describes sequences of activities related to tasks, and contains components and steps
  • Process outlines phases and actors in project timelines with horizontal tracks of roles and vertical periods

Software Engineering in Disciplines

  • SE is understood through 20 different disciplines grouped into 10 general areas
  • Each area is further categorized into 5 different inclinations
  • These areas include business-oriented and domain-specific, constructive and technological, analytical and domain-specific, people-oriented and process-oriented, and adjustment categories.
  • Disciplines focus on different life-cycle phases
  • Each inclination has unique aspects depending on the category

Software Engineering Workflow

  • Workflow model describes how work gets segregated
  • Cycles include business, development and operations
  • Each cycle has 5 inclinations that represent how people engage within the process
  • Each cycle's phases involve steps like understanding user needs, specifying solution, design, implementation, testing, deployment, operation, and monitoring
  • Cycles can be interlinked, allowing for adjustments and iterative improvements
  • Additional cycles involve product and project management

Software Engineering Artefacts

  • There are four major sets of artefacts involved
  • These include software requirements specifications, the customer journey, functional requirements, and several more components.
  • They are represented in textual and graphical formats, helping to define and structure the software being built

Uncertainty & Elaboration

  • The cone of uncertainty defines the level of variability in project scope, time, or cost that can be expected
  • Walking skeletons are defined in early phases, focusing on foundational aspects of the project
  • The software’s requirements basics specify the project purpose, details, and necessary requirements.
  • They could also influence if adjustments to the original plans are made.

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SEIP Notes - Software Engineering in the Industrial Practice (IN2235) PDF

Description

This quiz explores key concepts from the Software Engineering in Industrial Practice course. Participants will delve into traditional and open-source software development, examining various software classes including graphics, business applications, and network systems. Gain insights into the customization and reusability of different software types used in industry.

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