Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with good software?
Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with good software?
What type of software product is specifically tailored for a unique customer need?
What type of software product is specifically tailored for a unique customer need?
In software testing, which strategy focuses on evaluating the functionality of the software without looking at the internal code structure?
In software testing, which strategy focuses on evaluating the functionality of the software without looking at the internal code structure?
Which model is characterized by incremental development and continual refinement of the product?
Which model is characterized by incremental development and continual refinement of the product?
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What term is used to describe software development that emphasizes the modularity and abstraction of components?
What term is used to describe software development that emphasizes the modularity and abstraction of components?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of software engineering?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of software engineering?
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Which type of maintenance is focused on correcting defects after the software has been delivered?
Which type of maintenance is focused on correcting defects after the software has been delivered?
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What is one of the main focuses of software project scheduling?
What is one of the main focuses of software project scheduling?
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What is the primary purpose of a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)?
What is the primary purpose of a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)?
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Which statement accurately describes PERT methodology?
Which statement accurately describes PERT methodology?
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What does the Critical Path Method (CPM) primarily help determine?
What does the Critical Path Method (CPM) primarily help determine?
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Which of the following is classified under Project Risks in software risk classification?
Which of the following is classified under Project Risks in software risk classification?
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What distinguishes a Grantt chart from a PERT chart?
What distinguishes a Grantt chart from a PERT chart?
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What is the purpose of the PNR curve in software project management?
What is the purpose of the PNR curve in software project management?
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What is a characteristic of both the PERT and Grantt charts?
What is a characteristic of both the PERT and Grantt charts?
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Which principle is NOT part of software project scheduling?
Which principle is NOT part of software project scheduling?
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Which type of software risk includes issues such as schedule slips and increased costs?
Which type of software risk includes issues such as schedule slips and increased costs?
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What does the 40-20-40 rule refer to in software project management?
What does the 40-20-40 rule refer to in software project management?
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What term describes risks that can be anticipated within a project?
What term describes risks that can be anticipated within a project?
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Which task is involved in the Concept Development phase of a project?
Which task is involved in the Concept Development phase of a project?
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What is a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) primarily used for?
What is a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) primarily used for?
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What is the primary focus of risk resolution in project management?
What is the primary focus of risk resolution in project management?
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What outcome does a Critical Path Method (CPM) primarily focus on?
What outcome does a Critical Path Method (CPM) primarily focus on?
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Which of the following is a potential issue in planning a software project?
Which of the following is a potential issue in planning a software project?
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Which output is NOT associated with the risk resolution phase?
Which output is NOT associated with the risk resolution phase?
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What is a key component of the Risk Mitigation, Monitoring, and Management (RMMM) plan?
What is a key component of the Risk Mitigation, Monitoring, and Management (RMMM) plan?
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What does Effort Distribution refer to in software project scheduling?
What does Effort Distribution refer to in software project scheduling?
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Which type of requirement specifies how the system should behave under specific conditions?
Which type of requirement specifies how the system should behave under specific conditions?
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What is a common problem associated with functional requirements?
What is a common problem associated with functional requirements?
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What do non-functional requirements primarily relate to?
What do non-functional requirements primarily relate to?
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Which of the following is a problem related to user requirements?
Which of the following is a problem related to user requirements?
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In the context of requirements, what are domain requirements concerned with?
In the context of requirements, what are domain requirements concerned with?
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What is the main purpose of the design phase in software development?
What is the main purpose of the design phase in software development?
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Which of the following does NOT represent a disadvantage of the Prototype Model?
Which of the following does NOT represent a disadvantage of the Prototype Model?
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What characterizes the Rapid Application Development (RAD) model?
What characterizes the Rapid Application Development (RAD) model?
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In the Spiral Model, which phase is NOT included?
In the Spiral Model, which phase is NOT included?
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What is a key advantage of the Iterative Waterfall Lifecycle model?
What is a key advantage of the Iterative Waterfall Lifecycle model?
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Which of the following is a disadvantage associated with the Spiral Model?
Which of the following is a disadvantage associated with the Spiral Model?
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Which characteristic is associated with the Win-Win Spiral Model?
Which characteristic is associated with the Win-Win Spiral Model?
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In terms of user interaction, what is a potential drawback of the RAD model?
In terms of user interaction, what is a potential drawback of the RAD model?
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What is meant by unpredictable risks in project management?
What is meant by unpredictable risks in project management?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a risk principle?
Which of the following is NOT considered a risk principle?
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What does the formula $P = r * s$ represent in risk prioritization?
What does the formula $P = r * s$ represent in risk prioritization?
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Which of the following is true regarding reactive risk strategies?
Which of the following is true regarding reactive risk strategies?
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What is the primary focus during the risk analysis phase?
What is the primary focus during the risk analysis phase?
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Which activity is involved in the risk identification phase?
Which activity is involved in the risk identification phase?
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What is the consequence of poorly defined requirements in a software development project?
What is the consequence of poorly defined requirements in a software development project?
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What does risk management planning involve?
What does risk management planning involve?
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Study Notes
Software Engineering Overview
- Software engineering is the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software; it's a structured approach, not just coding.
- Software is developed or engineered, not manufactured in a traditional sense, and doesn't wear out. However, its maintenance is often significantly more challenging than initial development.
- Software products can be developed for specific customers (bespoke) or for a general market (generic).
- Good software should be maintainable, dependable, efficient, and usable.
- Computer science focuses on theory, while software engineering focuses on the practical application of that theory to create useful software and address complex problems.
Software Engineering Paradigms
- Software engineering paradigms include different approaches or models for software development.
- Waterfall model, iterative waterfall model, prototyping model, spiral model, RAD (Rapid Application Development) model are examples of distinct paradigms.
Software Life Cycle Models
- Waterfall Model: A linear, sequential process where each phase must complete before the next begins. Requirements are well-defined and stable for this model to work effectively. It's good for simple projects with clearly specified requirements. Features include: planning, modelling, construction, deployment.
- Prototyping Model: A build-test-revise approach. A prototype is built quickly, tested, and revised based on feedback until a satisfactory prototype emerges. Suitable for situations where customers or requirements are less certain.
- Spiral Model: Combines iterative development and sequential linear processes (like waterfall), with a strong focus on risk analysis and iterative development. This model is better during development for risk-prone projects. It's broken down into four phases: planning, design, construction, and evaluation.
- RAD Model (Rapid Application Development): An incremental approach prioritizing speed. Multiple teams work on different functions concurrently. Emphasis on efficient user interaction and rapid development.
Project Planning
- Key aspects of project planning include estimating project size, resource needs, and timelines to produce a schedule. During planning, the project often gets broken into more manageable activities. Defining timelines is key, as is considering how much effort each activity will require, time needed, and cost.
- Project planning objectives involve understanding the problem scope, using historical data, estimating effort and size, and defining a project schedule. Planning accounts for project scope, resources, time, quality, and risk.
- The project plan details the project in order to prevent a crucial issue: failure to accurately estimate the necessary resources.
- Various project plan types include a software development plan, Quality Assurance Plan, Validation Plan, Configuration Management Plan, Maintenance Plan, and Staff development plan.
Requirements Engineering
- Requirements engineering involves eliciting, organizing, and documenting the requirements for a software system.
- It's distinct from design: it focuses on what the system should do, not how it should do it.
- Types of requirements include functional requirements (what the system should do, like inputs and outputs), non-functional requirements (properties like reliability, performance, security, maintainability), domain requirements (special requirements from specific applications), and user requirements (natural language depictions and diagrams).
Risk Analysis and Management
- Risk analysis and management encompass the process of identifying potential problems, estimating their impact, and developing strategies to mitigate them. The processes, include both proactive methods (identifying and planning for situations in advance) and reactive ones (acting when a problem arises).
- Risks in software development often stem from poorly defined requirements, changing client requirements, uncertain cost estimations, or relying on specific developer skills.
- Risks are categorized in different ways: Project risks, technical risks, and business risks are part of one classification, whereas know risks, predictable risks, and unpredictable risks are part of another classification.
- The Risk Management Process is a method of identifying, analyzing, planning, tracking, and controlling risks; further including assessing, monitoring, and resolving risks as they come up during projects or programs. Specific tools, like risk matrices and checklists, are commonly used during these stages.
Software Project Scheduling
- Software project scheduling involves distributing estimated efforts and timeframes across a project to efficiently manage milestones. The process often breaks down a project into activities and estimates how much time each will take to complete.
- Scheduling generally uses methodologies similar to other engineering efforts. Tools and methods include the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for organizing and defining tasks, Activity Charts and Network Diagrams for visual representations of tasks and dependencies.
- PERT (Project Evaluation Review Technique) is a probabilistic model, while CPM (Critical Path Method) is a deterministic approach, both valuable for project schedule creation and resource allocation.
Fourth Generation Techniques
- Fourth-generation techniques use tools that automate the code generation process based on user specifications. This automation can streamline development to produce code quickly or in response to changes. Common tools include: non-procedural database query languages, report generators, data manipulation tools, and code generators.
- A benefit could be a reduction in development time for smaller projects. However, generated code can sometimes be less efficient than code written by a developer.
Software Metrics
- Scope - classification of metrics - measuring process and product attributes. Direct and indirect measurements, cost estimation, and software quality standards (like COCOMO model).
Software Configuration Management (SCM)
- Software configuration management encompasses the procedures of controlling and managing changes to software over its entire lifecycle. Essential components involve version control and management of software configuration items.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of software engineering, including its systematic approach, development processes, and maintenance challenges. It also explores various software engineering paradigms such as the waterfall model, prototyping, and iterative development strategies. Test your knowledge on the principles that guide the creation and maintenance of software.
