Software Engineering Chapter 1-5

Overview of Software Engineering Book

• Title: Software Engineering, 9th Edition by Ian Sommerville
• Publisher: Addison-Wesley, various global locations

Historical Context

• "Software engineering" was coined in 1969 at a NATO conference addressing software development issues:
  • Late project deliveries
  • Lack of necessary functionality
  • Over-budget projects
  • Unreliable systems
• Ian Sommerville began his professional journey in software a year after the conference.

Importance of Software Engineering

• Essential for societal functions, including utilities and infrastructure (energy, communications, transport).
• Software enables exploration of space and development of the World Wide Web.
• Addressing global challenges like climate change, resource depletion, and population growth relies on effective software solutions.

Educational Focus

• Book directed at university and college students, along with professionals seeking to update their knowledge.
• Emphasizes the training of software engineers to tackle complex software system development.

Methodological Emphasis

• Focus on both agile and traditional plan-driven software engineering methods.
• Intention to integrate the strengths of both methodologies for improved software outcomes.

Structure and Content

• Transition from print-only to a hybrid print/web format, facilitating updated and supplementary material availability.
• Key topics include:
  • Introduction to software engineering
  • Dependability and security
  • Advanced software engineering
  • Engineering management

Web Integration

• The book features ‘web sections’ linked to core chapters, enhancing the learning experience.
• Four additional ‘web chapters’ cover advanced topics:
  • Formal methods
  • Interaction design
  • Documentation
  • Application architectures

Changes from Previous Editions

• Restructured content to enhance accessibility for teaching.
• Consolidated many topics for streamlined presentation.
• New chapters focusing on:
  • Agile software development
  • Embedded systems
• Significant revisions, with 30-40% of the text rewritten.

Teaching Resources

• Comprehensive teaching support is provided, including:
  • PowerPoint presentations
  • Instructor guides
  • Additional case studies
• Restricted material available to accredited instructors includes model answers and quizzes.

Acknowledgments

• Acknowledgment of contributions from students, reviewers, and family.
• Special thanks to the author's daughter for proofreading assistance.### Introduction to Software Engineering
• Software engineering is crucial for modern infrastructures, utilities, manufacturing, distribution, and entertainment.
• Software systems are abstract and intangible, lacking physical constraints, which can lead to extreme complexity.

Software Development

• Different software types require tailored engineering techniques rather than a one-size-fits-all approach.
• Factors contributing to software project failures include growing system demands and low expectations of software engineering methods.

Importance of Software Engineering

• Software engineering is essential for creating reliable, functional software systems that support national and international societies.
• Many reported software failures arise from inadequate expectations and lack of proper methodology in development processes.

Software Engineering Challenges

• Increasing demands from stakeholders require faster delivery of larger and more complex systems.
• Many organizations engage in software development without formal methods, leading to higher costs and lower reliability.

Ethical Considerations

• Ethical issues in software development are vital and should be considered by all software engineers to understand the broader implications of their work.

Case Studies

• Introduced systems include a mental health management system, a control system for an insulin pump, and a wilderness weather system, which illustrate various software engineering applications.

Conclusion

• Despite existing challenges, software engineering has significantly advanced technology and will continue to influence future innovations and developments.### History of Software Engineering
• The term 'software engineering' emerged in 1968 during discussions about the 'software crisis.'
• Early software development practices struggled with scalability for large and complex systems, leading to unreliability and delayed deliveries in the 1970s and 1980s.
• New techniques developed included structured programming, information hiding, and object-oriented development, alongside tools and notations.

Professional Software Development

• Software is commonly developed by teams for business purposes, as opposed to individual programming for personal use.
• Professional software development requires comprehensive documentation, system documentation, and user guides for effective use and maintenance.
• Important distinctions exist between software intended for general use versus custom solutions developed for specific clients.

Characteristics and Quality of Software

• Quality attributes encompass software functionality, performance, maintainability, and dependability.
• Attributes vital for various applications include security for banking systems, responsiveness for interactive games, and reliability in telecom systems.
• The quality of software is defined not just by functionality but also by how the software behaves during operation and its documentation.

Software Engineering Definition

• Encompasses all aspects of the software production lifecycle from specification through maintenance.
• Engineers apply methods and tools to solve practical problems, adhering to organizational and financial constraints.
• Systematic approaches in software engineering often lead to better quality outcomes compared to informal programming methods.

Software Process Activities

• Key activities within a software process include specification, development, validation, and evolution.
• Different software types necessitate tailored development processes, such as real-time systems requiring complete prior specification.

Relationship to Other Disciplines

• Software engineering integrates elements from computer science, focusing on practical issues in software production rather than purely theoretical frameworks.
• It is also linked to systems engineering, which oversees the broader development of computer-based systems, encompassing both hardware and software.

Current Challenges in Software Engineering

• Systems must function across diverse environments, requiring integration with legacy systems and adaptability to various devices.
• Rapid societal and technological changes necessitate quicker software delivery and flexibility in existing systems.
• Security and trust are critical, especially for web-accessed software, necessitating robust measures against malicious threats.

Software Product Types

• Two primary types of software products are identified:
  • Generic products for the open market (e.g., databases, word processors).
  • Customized products specifically developed for individual client needs (e.g., air traffic control systems).
• The distinction between generic and custom software is evolving, with more products being adapted from existing software frameworks.

Essential Attributes of Professional Software

• Maintainability: Software should evolve to meet user needs efficiently.
• Dependability and security: Must operate reliably, avoiding damage due to failures or malevolent access.
• Efficiency: Includes optimal use of memory and processing resources.
• Acceptability: Software must be understandable, usable, and compatible with other systems.

Diverse Nature of Software Engineering

• Software engineering necessitates a systematic approach considering real-world constraints of cost and schedule while addressing user needs.

This quiz covers topics from the first five chapters of a software engineering book, including the primary aim of the first part, case studies, software development models, and system modeling.