Software Development: Open vs Closed Source
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of a compiler in software development?

  • To manage user licenses for software
  • To execute source code directly without modification
  • To generate machine instructions from source code (correct)
  • To create documentation for programming languages

    • What distinguishes open source software from closed source software?

  • Closed source software is free to use without restrictions
  • Users can modify the source code in open source software (correct)
  • Open source software does not require a compiler
  • Closed source software allows community collaboration

    • Which of the following is an example of an interpreted programming language?

  • PERL (correct)
  • Java
  • Swift
  • C++

    • What is a potential downside of shareware in software distribution?

    <p>It can hide malicious code within seemingly harmless programs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the open source philosophy impact software security?

    <p>It allows users to inspect code for vulnerabilities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of creating a global community around open source software?

    <p>It promotes shared accountability for issues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a main challenge associated with closed source software distribution?

    <p>Users lack access to source code and transparency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the relationship between Linux and open source software?

    <p>Linux has achieved significant success by adhering to open source philosophies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a work is placed in the public domain?

    <p>The author relinquishes all rights including copyright. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition allows others to redistribute a work but prohibits modifications?

    <p>Attribution NoDerivs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can companies profit from open source software?

    <p>By selling support or warranties related to the software. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the NonCommercial (NC) condition in Creative Commons licenses allow?

    <p>Users can distribute the work for any purpose except commercially. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ShareAlike (SA) condition in Creative Commons licenses?

    <p>To allow modifications which must be shared under the same license. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can copyrighted work become public domain in certain countries?

    <p>After the author's death and a set waiting period. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following Creative Commons licenses prohibits derivative works?

    <p>Attribution NoDerivs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately represents the essence of open source software?

    <p>Software that allows modifications and redistribution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is CC0 in Creative Commons licensing?

    <p>The Creative Commons version of public domain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of business model might a company like Redhat utilize?

    <p>Creating distributions and support services around open source software. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Free Software Foundation?

    <p>To promote free software and user control. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosophy requires modified software to also remain free?

    <p>Copyleft. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What main aspect distinguishes the Open Source Initiative from the Free Software Foundation?

    <p>Their stance on copyleft provisions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Tivoization' refer to?

    <p>Running modified software on closed hardware. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following licenses is NOT maintained by the Free Software Foundation?

    <p>MIT License. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the OSI evaluate licenses to be included in their approved list?

    <p>By their compliance with certain principles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the original flaw in the BSD license according to the Free Software Foundation?

    <p>It required acknowledging the University of California in advertisements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym FOSS stand for?

    <p>Free Open Source Software. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key purpose of copyleft licenses?

    <p>To ensure software modifications remain open and free. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the FSF's view on software patents?

    <p>They advocate against software patents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the GPL licenses?

    <p>Strong licenses that require modifications to remain free. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the Free Software Foundation develop the GNU licenses?

    <p>To maintain freedom in software use and modifications. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'free' refer to in the context of the Free Software Foundation?

    <p>Freedom to use, modify, and distribute software. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change was incorporated into GPLv3 to address TiVo's implementation of Linux?

    <p>A clause prohibiting restrictions on modified binaries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What programming language was Linux primarily written in?

    <p>C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common concern of large organizations regarding Linux in its early adoption?

    <p>Uncertainty about open source reliability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant networking specification did the University of California Berkeley introduce in 1984?

    <p>TCP/IP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organizations is critical for developing standards that ensure system interoperability?

    <p>IEEE (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the GNU General Public License version 2 (GPLv2) allow users to do with Linux?

    <p>Modify the source code and redistribute it (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes open source software?

    <p>Users have full access to the source code. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was UNIX originally created for?

    <p>Mainframe computers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the End User License Agreement (EULA) associated with Microsoft Windows?

    <p>It requires user acceptance to install the software. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a user modifies code under GPLv2 and redistributes it?

    <p>They must redistribute it under the same GPLv2 license. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does open source software differ from proprietary software regarding licensing?

    <p>Proprietary software typically requires a custom license agreement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of standards organizations like POSIX?

    <p>To promote interoperability among different software and systems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an advantage of using Linux over outdated proprietary systems?

    <p>More extensive hardware compatibility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Free and Open Source Software' (FOSS) indicate?

    <p>Software that can be freely used, modified, and distributed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason companies and institutions preferred proprietary UNIX systems before the rise of Linux?

    <p>Stability and ease of application development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Software Development: Open Source vs. Closed Source

    • Software projects consist of source code – human-readable instructions needing compilation.
    • Compilers translate source code into machine code (binary/executable) run by the computer (e.g., Linux kernel).
    • Commercial software often uses closed-source licensing, restricting users' access to source code and prohibiting reverse engineering.
    • Interpreted languages (e.g., Perl, Python, Bash) execute code directly without compilation, relying on an interpreter.
    • Open-source software prioritizes source code access, enabling modifications, inspection, and community contributions.
    • Open source fosters a global community responsible for bug fixes, security improvements, and compatibility.
    • Linux, written in C and inspired by UNIX, exemplifies open-source success due to a large community, overcoming proprietary restrictions.
    • Open-source adoption was initially met with corporate suspicion but became prevalent (eg, supplanting expensive, proprietary systems).
    • UNIX, initially developed in 1969, paved the way for Linux, with standardization aiding porting.
    • Standardization through organizations (e.g. IEEE, POSIX) helps interoperability of different operating systems and programs (irrespective of licensing).

    Open Source Licensing

    • Software licensing involves ownership, money transfer, and usage rights.
    • Ownership typically remains with the creator, with users granted licenses (copyright).
    • Open-source licensing contrasts with closed-source licensing (e.g. Microsoft Windows' EULA).
    • GPLv2 (GNU General Public License v2) is a key open-source license, requiring source code availability and modification sharing.
    • GPLv3 addressed restrictions on running changed open source code on hardware.
    • Alternatives exist, like BSD and MIT licenses (permissive).
    • Creative Commons provides licenses for non-software entities, offering conditions including attribution, sharealike, non-commercial, and no derivatives.

    Open Source Business Models

    • Selling software is not prohibited by open-source licenses.
    • Support services, warranty, and Linux distribution (Canonical, Red Hat) are revenue sources.
    • Specialized software and hardware products are successful (e.g. Wireshark, consumer firewalls).
    • Businesses use open-source projects for internal needs and influence future technology.
    • Cloud computing's rise expands opportunity for open-source programmers.

    Significant Open Source Organizations

    • Free Software Foundation (FSF): Promotes free software (freedom, not zero price), advocates for copyleft (sharing modifications).
    • Open Source Initiative (OSI): Focuses on open source principles, less politically charged licenses, and BSD/MIT licenses.
    • Creative Commons (CC): Offers licenses for non-software entities allowing for attribution, sharealike, non-commercial, and no-derivatives conditions.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamental differences between open-source and closed-source software. It covers topics such as source code accessibility, licensing, and community contributions. Test your knowledge on software development practices and the impact of open-source on technology.

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