Software Development Models and Practices
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Which characteristic indicates that the waterfall model would be suitable for a project?

  • Development team have experience with similar projects (correct)
  • Customer feedback is constant and influential
  • Integration occurs continuously throughout development
  • Requirements are poorly defined and frequently change

    • What aspect of the iterative waterfall model is not considered a known shortcoming?

  • Integration is done in smaller parts throughout (correct)
  • Can give a false impression of progress
  • All requirements must be known upfront
  • Little opportunity for customer to pre-view the system

    • Which of the following is a characteristic of the iterative waterfall model?

  • Customer interactions occur only at the beginning
  • Strong management control with planning and tracking (correct)
  • Minimal requirements definition before project starts
  • Extensive code reuse inherent in the model

    • Why are milestones significant in the iterative waterfall model?

    <p>They provide stabilization of requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential issue when using the waterfall model?

    <p>Integration is typically done in a single phase at the end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the iterative waterfall model's requirements handling?

    <p>All requirements must be clearly defined from the start</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario suggests the need for a non-waterfall development approach?

    <p>Rapid change in technology is anticipated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of customer interaction is characteristic of the iterative waterfall model?

    <p>Involvement occurs at every development phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is not true regarding a data flow diagram (DFD)?

    <p>It represents the structure of the code.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of a procedural design approach, which task is performed during the detailed design phase?

    <p>Structures for individual modules are defined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a function-oriented design approach?

    <p>It utilizes a top-down approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element should not be present in a context diagram?

    <p>The overall module structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A data flow diagram primarily illustrates which aspect of a system?

    <p>Interactions and data exchange among processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary goal of a software requirements specification (SRS) document?

    <p>Specify stakeholder-approved requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the requirements analysis phase, which option is NOT typically weeded out?

    <p>Non-functional requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the detailed design phase in procedural design, which element focuses on individual module needs?

    <p>Implementation of data structures and algorithms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which way does a top-down design approach differ from a bottom-up approach?

    <p>Top-down addresses overall structure initially.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options can be classified as functional requirements?

    <p>The software should process transactions quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of code review within the context of pair programming?

    <p>To improve the quality of production code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on a use case diagram, what is the usual criterion for determining the number of boundary classes?

    <p>Number of interactions with use cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In requirement analysis, which of the following would likely be considered a constraint?

    <p>The system should interface with legacy systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant characteristic of non-functional requirements?

    <p>They describe system performance criteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of relationship should be modeled between the Country class and Border class?

    <p>Unary association</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In identifying objects from a natural language problem description, which part is most likely to represent objects?

    <p>Some of the nouns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a constraint in software requirements?

    <p>Limits placed on the development process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identifying inconsistencies in requirements is essential because it helps to ensure which of the following?

    <p>The overall quality of the software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is specifically excluded from a context diagram representation?

    <p>The internal processing steps between modules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many controller classes should be designed based on a use case diagram with five specific use cases?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a quaternary association relation?

    <p>Association involving four unique classes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about entity classes is false?

    <p>Entity classes must always be abstract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When defining a Country class, what is the role of a Border class?

    <p>To act as a dependency for Country structuring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In determining the number of boundary classes, what is a consideration when analyzing a use case diagram?

    <p>The number of actors involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is not an implication of the pesticide paradox?

    <p>A software should be tested by deploying the most promising among all the testing methodologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach to testing is least supported by the findings on the pesticide paradox?

    <p>Repeating the most effective tests multiple times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may occur if software is only tested at the system level?

    <p>Some faults at unit or integration levels may remain undetected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements aligns with the reasoning behind implementing multiple testing levels?

    <p>It ensures thoroughness of testing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible drawback of exclusively focusing on the most promising testing methodologies?

    <p>It can overlook less obvious but critical errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary benefit of testing a software program at the unit, integration, and system levels rather than only at the system level?

    <p>It reduces debugging effort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might repeated application of a testing methodology be ineffective according to the pesticide paradox?

    <p>It can lead to the same set of errors being missed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To improve the effectiveness of software testing, what strategy is indicated by the pesticide paradox?

    <p>Implementing a diverse range of testing methodologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Iterative Waterfall Model

    • Easy to understand and use, especially by inexperienced staff
    • Milestones are well understood by the team
    • Provides requirements stability during development
    • Strong management control (planning, staffing, tracking etc) on the project

    Waterfall Model Development

    • Requirements are well defined and stable
    • Technology is understood
    • Development team have experience with similar projects

    Shortcomings of the Iterative Waterfall Model

    • All requirements must be known upfront
    • Can give a false impression of progress
    • Integration is one big bang at the end
    • Little opportunity for customer to pre-view the system

    Pair Programming

    • Suitable for code review as all production code is written with two programmers at one machine

    Requirements Analysis Goals

    • Weed out ambiguities in the requirements
    • Weed out inconsistencies in the requirements
    • Weed out incompleteness in the requirements

    Software Requirements Specification (SRS) Document

    • Discusses:
      • Functional requirements
      • Non-functional requirements
      • Constraints on the implementation
    • Does not discuss:
      • Design specification
      • Resource allocation for the project

    Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Model

    • Hierarchical diagram
    • Represents decomposition of functions and data into finer forms
    • Does not represent:
      • Code structure
      • Decisions and control flows
      • The sequence in which the different processes are invoked

    Procedural Design Approach: Detailed Design Stage

    • Data structures and algorithms for the individual modules are designed

    Function-Oriented Design Approach

    • Top-down approach

    Context Diagram

    • Represents the software at the most abstract level
    • Does not represent:
      • Module Interactions
      • Module structure

    Object-Oriented Design (OOD)

    • Defines a unary association on Country class

    Informal Description of a Programming Problem

    • Some of the nouns represent objects

    Use Case Diagram

    • Boundary classes equal the number of interactions among users and use cases
    • Controller classes equal the number of use cases

    Identifying Entity Classes from a Problem Description

    • Entity classes usually appear as data stores in a DFD model

    Software Testing Levels

    • Unit
    • Integration
    • System

    Pesticide Paradox

    • Software should be tested by successive application of a wide range of testing methodologies
    • Testing methodology is effective for certain types of errors
    • Does not imply:
      • A software can be tested by repeated application of a testing methodology
      • A software should be tested by deploying the most promising among all the testing methodologies

    Function Testing

    • Function takes an integer a (0 to 100) as its argument
    • Contains a variable b that is set and displayed based on the value of a

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    Description

    This quiz explores various software development models, focusing on the Iterative Waterfall Model and Pair Programming. It covers the strengths, weaknesses, and goals of requirements analysis in software projects. Test your understanding of these essential concepts in software engineering.

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