Software Development Fundamentals

Phases of Software Development

• Planning:
  • Define project scope, goals, and timelines
  • Identify resources, budget, and stakeholders
  • Create a detailed project plan
• Analysis:
  • Gather and document software requirements
  • Identify functional and non-functional requirements
  • Create a software requirements specification (SRS)
• Design:
  • Create a detailed design of the software architecture
  • Develop a user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) design
  • Create a data model and database design
• Implementation:
  • Write code in a chosen programming language
  • Develop the software according to the design specifications
  • Conduct unit testing and integration testing
• Testing:
  • Identify and prioritize test cases
  • Conduct various types of testing (e.g., black box, white box, gray box)
  • Identify and report defects
• Deployment:
  • Release the software to the production environment
  • Configure the software for deployment
  • Monitor the software for issues and errors
• Maintenance:
  • Fix defects and errors
  • Add new features and functionality
  • Refactor code to improve performance and maintainability

Software Development Methodologies

• Waterfall:
  • Sequential phases with no overlap
  • Each phase is completed before moving to the next
• Agile:
  • Iterative and incremental development
  • Flexibility and adaptability to changing requirements
• Scrum:
  • Framework for implementing Agile development
  • Emphasis on teamwork, accountability, and iterative progress
• Kanban:
  • Visual system for managing work
  • Focus on continuous delivery and improvement

Software Development Roles

• Project Manager:
  • Oversees the project and ensures it meets its goals
  • Responsible for budget, schedule, and resource allocation
• Software Developer:
  • Designs, develops, and tests the software
  • Responsible for coding, debugging, and testing
• Quality Assurance (QA) Engineer:
  • Develops and executes tests to ensure software quality
  • Identifies and reports defects
• DevOps Engineer:
  • Ensures the smooth operation of the software in production
  • Focuses on deployment, monitoring, and maintenance

Software Development Tools

• Version Control Systems:
  • Git, SVN, Mercurial
  • Manage code changes and collaborate with team members
• Integrated Development Environments (IDEs):
  • Eclipse, Visual Studio, IntelliJ IDEA
  • Provide coding, debugging, and testing tools
• Project Management Tools:
  • Jira, Asana, Trello
  • Manage project tasks, deadlines, and resources
• Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) Tools:
  • Jenkins, Travis CI, CircleCI
  • Automate testing, building, and deployment of software