Software Design Module 1

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Questions and Answers

What does maintainability of software refer to?

Frequency of system updates

Ease of updating, modifying, and debugging (correct)

Performance on various hardware configurations

Ability to integrate with third-party services

Which of the following is NOT a part of the requirements engineering processes?

Validation

Integration (correct)

Elicitation

Analysis

What is the primary purpose of the Software Requirements Document (SRD)?

Listing software features and functionalities

Setting the budget for the project

Serving as a contract between stakeholders and developers (correct)

Scheduling project timelines

What is the primary goal of software design?

To ensure that the software meets user needs and requirements Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of usability refers to the ease of use for all users?

Intuitive UI/UX Signup and view all the answers

Which tool is mentioned as a facilitator of requirements management?

JIRA Signup and view all the answers

Which principle states that a module should have only one reason to change?

Single Responsibility Principle Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'modularity' refer to in software design?

Dividing the software into smaller, manageable modules Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key objective of software design?

Ensuring code reusability Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the Dependency Inversion Principle?

High-level modules should not depend on low-level modules Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does the Top-Down Approach in software design provide?

A high-level understanding of the system Signup and view all the answers

Why is efficiency important in software design?

It optimizes resource use, including time and memory Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies involves developing detailed components into higher-level systems?

Bottom-Up Approach Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of the iterative design process?

allowing for refinement with each cycle. Signup and view all the answers

Which model represents the overall structure of the software?

Architectural Model Signup and view all the answers

What type of requirements specifies the system's expected behavior under certain conditions?

Non-Functional Requirements Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a functional requirement for a system?

Performance Signup and view all the answers

What does a Data Flow Model focus on?

Transformation of inputs into outputs Signup and view all the answers

Which non-functional requirement is essential for a system to handle increased user demand?

Scalability Signup and view all the answers

Which type of model is used to check how the system behaves in response to external events?

State Transition Model Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of prototyping in software design?

Refining requirements and identifying design flaws Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Software Design Module 1

Software design is a blueprint for software implementation, guiding the creation of components, interfaces, and architecture.
Good software design ensures the system meets functional and non-functional requirements, is scalable, maintainable, and efficient.
It translates software requirements into detailed design specifications.
Key objectives of software design include correctness (meeting requirements), modularity (dividing into smaller parts), maintainability (ease of future updates), efficiency (optimal resource use), flexibility (adaptability to change), and reusability (reusable components).

Key Strategies

Top-down approach: Starts with a general system overview, then refines into components. This allows for high-level understanding and early issue identification.
Bottom-up approach: Begins with detailed components and builds higher-level systems. Early validation of component functionality and reusability is possible.
Iterative design: Design is refined with each iteration. It is adaptable to changing requirements, useful for evolution.
Prototyping: A preliminary version to confirm design choices and avoid major flaws, refining requirements.

Software Design Models

Architectural Model: Represents the overall system structure, showing system components and interactions. Crucial for high-level understanding of the system.
Component-Level Design Model: Describes individual component functions, responsibilities, and communications. Provides a detailed view of components.
Data Flow Models: Illustrates data movement through the system and transformation to outputs. Helps understand system behavior and potential bottlenecks.
State Transition Models: Shows how the system reacts to external events. Used to identify potential issues and error states.
Object-Oriented Models: Use objects and classes to represent system components and their relationships.

Software Design Principles

Single Responsibility Principle (SRP): Each module should have only one reason to change.
Open/Closed Principle: Extensible designs are open to additions, but closed to modifications.
Liskov Substitution Principle: Subtypes should replace their base types without altering correctness.
Interface Segregation Principle: Clients shouldn't depend on interfaces they don't use.
Dependency Inversion Principle: High-level modules shouldn't depend on low-level modules; both should depend on abstractions.

Module 2: Functional and Non-Functional Requirements

Functional Requirements: Define what the system must do. Examples include: User authentication, data processing, payment processing, notifications, reporting.
Non-Functional Requirements: Describe system performance and behavior. E.g., performance (speed, scalability), security, usability, reliability, maintainability, portability, compliance.
Software Requirements Document (SRD): A contract that clarifies system requirements, facilitating communication and reducing misunderstandings.
Requirements Specification: Precise, clear, verifiable, and comprehensive documentation of system requirements.
Requirements Engineering Processes: Includes elicitation, specification, validation, and management of software requirements (e.g. through interviews, focus groups, and observations)
Requirements Management: Aims to manage changes effectively, ensuring traceability to stakeholder needs and minimizing errors. Techniques including JIRA or IBM Rational DOORS.

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of software design in this quiz. Learn about the key objectives, approaches, and principles that guide effective software implementation. This module covers essential strategies such as top-down and bottom-up design to help ensure your software meets both functional and non-functional requirements.