Software and Hardware Solutions for Process Synchronization

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the lock in the Test and Set algorithm?

Regulate mutual exclusion of processes

How does the Swap algorithm regulate mutual exclusion?

Uses two boolean variables lock and key

What are the three boolean variables used in the Unlock and lock algorithm?

Lock, key, and waiting[i]

How does the Unlock and lock algorithm ensure bounded waiting?

By maintaining a ready queue for waiting and incoming processes Signup and view all the answers

What does the Unlock and lock algorithm do when the first process i comes out of the critical section?

Checks the queue for the next process j Signup and view all the answers

How are processes added to the circular queue in the critical section?

With respect to their process number Signup and view all the answers

What are the initial values of lock and key when process P1 enters the critical section?

lock = true and key = false Signup and view all the answers

What happens when another process, P2, tries to enter the critical section while P1 is already in the critical section?

P2 keeps running a while loop until P1 comes out of the critical section and makes lock false. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Swap algorithm do when both key and lock are true?

It keeps running a while loop, continuously executing the swap operation. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the purpose of the Test and Set algorithm in process synchronization.

To ensure mutual exclusion by setting a lock to true when a process enters the critical section. Signup and view all the answers

Why is bounded waiting not ensured in the Swap algorithm?

Any process out of all the waiting processes can get the chance to enter the critical section as the lock becomes false. Signup and view all the answers

How does the TestAndSet(lock) algorithm work to achieve mutual exclusion?

It always returns the previous value of lock and sets it to true, allowing the first process to enter the critical section. Signup and view all the answers

What method does the Unlock and lock algorithm use to control the value of lock?

TestAndSet method Signup and view all the answers

What is the drawback of the Test and Set algorithm in terms of bounded waiting?

There is no queue maintained, so any new process can enter after the first process exits, leading to lack of bounded waiting. Signup and view all the answers

What variable does the Unlock and lock algorithm use for each process i?

waiting[i] Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the Swap algorithm ensures mutual exclusion in process synchronization.

The Swap algorithm swaps the values of two variables (lock and key), allowing only one process to enter the critical section. Signup and view all the answers

What initial values are set for lock and key in the Swap algorithm?

Both lock and key are initially set to false. Signup and view all the answers

How does the Unlock and Lock algorithm work to manage critical sections?

The Unlock and Lock algorithm uses lock and key values to control access to critical sections. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mutual Exclusion Algorithms

The Test and Set algorithm uses a lock to ensure mutual exclusion, allowing only one process to access the critical section at a time.

Unlock and Lock Algorithm

The Unlock and Lock algorithm uses three boolean variables: want[i], lock, and key.
The algorithm ensures bounded waiting by ensuring that a process will eventually enter the critical section.
When a process i exits the critical section, it sets want[i] to false and lock to true, allowing other processes to enter.
Processes are added to a circular queue in the critical section.
Initially, lock and key are set to false and true, respectively, when process P1 enters the critical section.
If another process, P2, tries to enter the critical section while P1 is already in it, P2 will wait until P1 exits.

Swap Algorithm

The Swap algorithm regulates mutual exclusion by swapping the values of lock and key.
When both key and lock are true, the algorithm ensures that only one process can enter the critical section.
Initially, lock and key are set to false and true, respectively, in the Swap algorithm.
The algorithm does not ensure bounded waiting, as a process may wait indefinitely.

TestAndSet Algorithm

The TestAndSet(lock) algorithm works by atomically testing and setting the value of lock, ensuring mutual exclusion.
The algorithm achieves mutual exclusion by only allowing one process to set lock to true.

Drawbacks and Limitations

The Test and Set algorithm does not ensure bounded waiting, as a process may wait indefinitely.
The Unlock and Lock algorithm uses a variable want[i] for each process i to manage critical sections.