Process Synchronization

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for race conditions in critical sections?

Due to the absence of thread synchronization (correct)

Because of the presence of multiple threads in a system

Because of the use of sleep() function in code

Due to the execution of threads in a specific order

What is the primary goal of process synchronization in a multi-process system?

To ensure that processes execute in a specific order

To improve the overall performance of the system

To enable simultaneous access to shared resources by multiple processes

To prevent data inconsistency and ensure controlled access to shared resources (correct)

What happens when Process P1 is executed first?

The value of the shared variable is incremented (correct)

The value of the shared variable is set to 0

The value of the shared variable remains the same

The value of the shared variable is decremented

In the given example, what is the initial value of the shared variable?

10 Signup and view all the answers

What type of process is one that can affect or be affected by other processes executing in the system?

Cooperative process Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical section in the context of process synchronization?

A section of code that is protected by synchronization mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

What causes the context switch from Process P1 to Process P2?

Sleep(1) function in Process P1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the final value of the shared variable?

9 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of semaphores, monitors, and critical sections in process synchronization?

To ensure data consistency and prevent race conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of treating a critical section as an atomic instruction?

To prevent race conditions Signup and view all the answers

What happens when Process P2 is executed?

The value of the shared variable is decremented Signup and view all the answers

What is a race condition in the context of process synchronization?

A situation where the output depends on the order of access to shared resources Signup and view all the answers

Why does the CPU remain idle for some time?

Because there is no process in the ready-queue Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of process synchronization in modern operating systems?

Correct and efficient functioning of multi-process systems Signup and view all the answers

What type of process is one whose execution does not affect the execution of other processes?

Independent process Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of multiple processes accessing shared resources without synchronization?

Risk of deadlocks and data inconsistency Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Process Synchronization

Process Synchronization is the coordination of multiple processes in a multi-process system to ensure controlled and predictable access to shared resources.
It resolves race conditions and synchronization issues in concurrent systems.

Importance of Process Synchronization

Ensures data consistency and integrity in multi-process systems.
Prevents deadlocks and other synchronization problems.

Types of Processes

Independent Process: Execution of one process does not affect other processes.
Cooperative Process: A process that can affect or be affected by other processes.

Race Condition

A situation where multiple processes access and manipulate shared data concurrently, resulting in an uncertain outcome.
Occurs when the order of access to shared resources affects the result.

Avoiding Race Conditions

Treat critical sections as atomic instructions.
Use proper thread synchronization using locks or atomic variables.

Example of Race Condition

Two processes P1 and P2 share a common variable (shared=10).
Process P1 increments the variable, then Process P2 decrements it, resulting in an uncertain final value of the shared variable.

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Description

Learn about process synchronization, a crucial concept in multi-process systems. Ensure controlled access to shared resources, and resolve synchronization issues. Understand how it prevents race conditions in concurrent systems.