16 Questions
What is the primary reason for race conditions in critical sections?
Due to the absence of thread synchronization
What is the primary goal of process synchronization in a multi-process system?
To prevent data inconsistency and ensure controlled access to shared resources
What happens when Process P1 is executed first?
The value of the shared variable is incremented
In the given example, what is the initial value of the shared variable?
10
What type of process is one that can affect or be affected by other processes executing in the system?
Cooperative process
What is a critical section in the context of process synchronization?
A section of code that is protected by synchronization mechanisms
What causes the context switch from Process P1 to Process P2?
Sleep(1) function in Process P1
What is the final value of the shared variable?
9
What is the primary purpose of semaphores, monitors, and critical sections in process synchronization?
To ensure data consistency and prevent race conditions
What is the purpose of treating a critical section as an atomic instruction?
To prevent race conditions
What happens when Process P2 is executed?
The value of the shared variable is decremented
What is a race condition in the context of process synchronization?
A situation where the output depends on the order of access to shared resources
Why does the CPU remain idle for some time?
Because there is no process in the ready-queue
What is the main benefit of process synchronization in modern operating systems?
Correct and efficient functioning of multi-process systems
What type of process is one whose execution does not affect the execution of other processes?
Independent process
What is the consequence of multiple processes accessing shared resources without synchronization?
Risk of deadlocks and data inconsistency
Study Notes
Process Synchronization
- Process Synchronization is the coordination of multiple processes in a multi-process system to ensure controlled and predictable access to shared resources.
- It resolves race conditions and synchronization issues in concurrent systems.
Importance of Process Synchronization
- Ensures data consistency and integrity in multi-process systems.
- Prevents deadlocks and other synchronization problems.
Types of Processes
- Independent Process: Execution of one process does not affect other processes.
- Cooperative Process: A process that can affect or be affected by other processes.
Race Condition
- A situation where multiple processes access and manipulate shared data concurrently, resulting in an uncertain outcome.
- Occurs when the order of access to shared resources affects the result.
Avoiding Race Conditions
- Treat critical sections as atomic instructions.
- Use proper thread synchronization using locks or atomic variables.
Example of Race Condition
- Two processes P1 and P2 share a common variable (shared=10).
- Process P1 increments the variable, then Process P2 decrements it, resulting in an uncertain final value of the shared variable.
Learn about process synchronization, a crucial concept in multi-process systems. Ensure controlled access to shared resources, and resolve synchronization issues. Understand how it prevents race conditions in concurrent systems.
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