Software and Computer Systems
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What is the primary function of software in a computer system?

  • To physically touch the computer hardware
  • To provide instructions to the hardware on what to do (correct)
  • To create a computer program or collection of programs
  • To enable the computer to think on its own

    • What enables your phone to play music and video?

  • Open-source software
  • Cloud computing
  • Hardware
  • Software (correct)

    • What is the primary characteristic of open-source software?

  • It is expensive to obtain
  • It can be freely used and modified (correct)
  • It is only available for desktop computers
  • It is only available for mobile devices

    • What is the benefit of managers understanding software?

    <p>They can better understand the possibilities and impact of technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of hardware getting faster and cheaper?

    <p>It creates all sorts of exciting and disruptive opportunities for organizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a computer program or collection of programs?

    <p>Software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of not having software in a computer system?

    <p>The hardware would not be functional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of software in an ATM?

    <p>It enables the ATM to process transactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an Operating System?

    <p>To manage hardware resources and create an interface between the hardware and the user</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the way a user interacts with a program on a computer?

    <p>GUI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which company provided the first operating system for the IBM-PC, released in 1981?

    <p>Microsoft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term '64-bit' indicate in a computer?

    <p>The size of data that can be moved within the computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of computers did Unix originally run on?

    <p>Large and expensive minicomputers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did companies invest in Microsoft software and operating systems?

    <p>Because they were already using IBM mainframe computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the operating system developed by Linus Torvalds?

    <p>Linux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an operating system's user-interface components?

    <p>To create a interface between the hardware and the user</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of a computer to run multiple programs at the same time?

    <p>Multitasking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of software is designed to perform specific tasks for the user?

    <p>Application Software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the market share of Microsoft's desktop operating system, Windows?

    <p>71%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of software is used to accomplish a specific goal such as word processing, calculations on a spreadsheet, or surfing the internet using a web browser?

    <p>Application Software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most popular spreadsheet package?

    <p>Microsoft Excel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the file format of Microsoft Word's documents?

    <p>DOCX</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Database management system?

    <p>To serve as an electronic filing cabinet for records</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Desktop publishing software?

    <p>To design and produce sales brochures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Financial software?

    <p>To compile accounting and financial data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Presentation software?

    <p>To create slideshow presentations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most popular software right now for creating slideshow presentations?

    <p>Microsoft PowerPoint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Word processing software?

    <p>To create and edit documents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cloudbased version of Microsoft Office?

    <p>Microsoft Office 365</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the killer application for the personal computer?

    <p>Spreadsheets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of collaborative systems?

    <p>To allow users to brainstorm ideas together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the tool that integrates with Microsoft Office and allows for collaboration?

    <p>Microsoft SharePoint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of utility software?

    <p>To fix or modify your computer in some way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the tool that allows programmers/developers to develop software?

    <p>GitHub</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of programming software?

    <p>To produce software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the first spreadsheet created?

    <p>The first spreadsheet created by an MBA student at Harvard University</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the tool that combines video and audio communications and allows participants to interact with each other’s computer desktops?

    <p>Cisco WebEx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the tool that offers a suite of office applications that can be shared between individuals?

    <p>Google Drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the software provided by the corporation that developed the programming language?

    <p>Integrated Development Environment (IDE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of software is used by businesses to facilitate operations?

    <p>Enterprise Software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system?

    <p>To support multiple, simultaneous users in an organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Database Management System (DBMS)?

    <p>To store and retrieve data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for software applications installed on a personal computer?

    <p>Desktop Software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for software applications that address the needs of multiple, simultaneous users in an organization?

    <p>Enterprise Software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software package?

    <p>To coordinate and integrate many of the functions of a business</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a software application designed to run specifically on a mobile device?

    <p>Mobile App</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Database Management System (DBMS)?

    <p>To store and retrieve data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a company that sells software packages to support business operations?

    <p>Software Provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why businesses are investing in the development of mobile apps?

    <p>To keep up with the trend of increasing smartphone usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of cloud computing?

    <p>The use of massive server farms and storage devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using Software as a Service (SaaS)?

    <p>Having access to a large assortment of software packages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of cloud computing?

    <p>The reliance on a third-party to provide services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk of using SaaS?

    <p>The risk of being forced to adopt new versions of software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of using cloud computing?

    <p>The ability to scale to a large number of users easily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Amazon Web Services (AWS)?

    <p>A cloud computing platform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of cloud computing?

    <p>The availability of software from any computer with internet access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of using SaaS?

    <p>The reliance on a third-party to provide services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an organization's link to the internet going down when using SaaS?

    <p>The organization's link to its SaaS vendor is severed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using a private cloud?

    <p>Reducing the need for installing software and adding disk storage to local computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common characteristic of the Knowledge Check elements excluded from this version of the text?

    <p>They are online H5P elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of virtualization?

    <p>To reduce the demand for electricity to run and cool physical servers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can you view the interactive H5P elements that were excluded from this version of the text?

    <p>At the provided URL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is proprietary software?

    <p>Software developed internally for a specific problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is off-the-shelf software?

    <p>Software readily available and already developed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Knowledge Check elements in the online text?

    <p>To assess the reader's understanding of the topic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of creating a set of logical instructions for a digital device to follow?

    <p>Programming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many Knowledge Check elements were excluded from this version of the text?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the format of the online text that includes the interactive H5P elements?

    <p>Pressbook</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using proprietary software?

    <p>Getting exactly what you need and want</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disadvantage of using proprietary software?

    <p>Significant investment of time and money</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using off-the-shelf software?

    <p>Initial cost is lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the original approach to software development?

    <p>Individual programmers working on entire programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disadvantage of using off-the-shelf software?

    <p>Might pay for features that are not needed or wanted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did software developers stop sharing their programs?

    <p>They wanted to make a profit from their software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of programming languages?

    <p>To create a set of logical instructions for a digital device to follow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do you technically own when you purchase software?

    <p>A license to use the software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common restriction in software agreements?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of the open-source movement?

    <p>To innovate and progress rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of open-source software?

    <p>The source code is available for anyone to copy and use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are some businesses wary of open-source software?

    <p>Because the code is available for anyone to see</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of computer enthusiasts sharing programs and solutions in the 1970s?

    <p>They were able to innovate and fix problems quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of open-source software?

    <p>Firefox browser</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the shift from individual to collaborative software development?

    <p>Faster innovation and progress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of open-source software?

    <p>The source code is available for examination and modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between operating systems and application software?

    <p>Operating systems interface with hardware, while application software focuses on user tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cloud computing?

    <p>A way to access software and databases over the internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of software as a service (SaaS)?

    <p>It provides access to a wide range of software without the need for local installation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disadvantage of using open-source software?

    <p>Technical support is not always available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of a large community of programmers working on open-source projects?

    <p>It leads to quicker bug-fixing and feature additions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of desktop applications?

    <p>They are designed for a single user</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of sourceforge.net?

    <p>It is a website for downloading open-source software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an application software?

    <p>To permit the user to perform a group of coordinated functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of enterprise software?

    <p>It is designed for multiple users in an organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cloud computing?

    <p>The practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disadvantage of cloud computing?

    <p>It is reliant on internet connectivity and can be affected by service provider disruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system?

    <p>To organize, automate, and synchronize sales, marketing, customer service, and technical support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Database Management System (DBMS)?

    <p>To store and retrieve the data that an application creates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a software application that is rented rather than purchased?

    <p>Software as a Service (SaaS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system?

    <p>To utilize a central database that is implemented throughout the entire organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a software application that is viewed as so desirable by consumers that it can influence them to purchase devices or applications that include it?

    <p>Killer App</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Virtualization system?

    <p>To create a virtual (rather than actual) version of something</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Private Cloud?

    <p>To create a distinct and secure cloud-based environment in which only the specified client can operate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of LINUX/UNIX?

    <p>To run on the personal computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chapter 4: Software

    4.1. Chapter Introduction

    • Software refers to a computer program or collection of programs that tell the hardware what to do.
    • Software is categorized into two primary types: Operating Systems and Application Software.
    • Managers who understand software can make better decisions regarding the strategic value of IT and technology-driven savings.

    4.2. Operating Systems

    • Operating systems manage hardware and create an interface between hardware and the user.
    • Functions of an operating system include:
      • Managing hardware resources
      • Providing user-interface components
      • Providing a platform for software developers to write applications
    • Popular operating systems for personal computers are:
      • Microsoft Windows
      • Apple's Mac OS
      • Linux
    • Microsoft provided the first operating system for the IBM-PC in 1981, and introduced Windows in 1985.

    4.3. Application Software

    • Application software is used to accomplish a specific goal, such as:
      • Word processing
      • Calculations on a spreadsheet
      • Surfing the internet
    • Types of application software include:
      • Productivity software (e.g., Microsoft Office)
      • Multimedia software
      • Home software
      • Communication and collaboration software
    • Productivity software includes:
      • Word processors (e.g., Microsoft Word)
      • Spreadsheets (e.g., Microsoft Excel)
      • Presentation software (e.g., Microsoft PowerPoint)
      • Database management systems (e.g., Microsoft Access)
    • The "killer" application for the personal computer was the spreadsheet.

    4.4. Desktop and Enterprise Software

    • Desktop software refers to applications installed on a personal computer.
    • Enterprise software refers to applications that address the needs of multiple users in an organization or work group.
    • Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software packages coordinate and integrate many of the functions of a business.
    • Leading ERP vendors include SAP and Oracle.

    4.5. Mobile Software

    • Mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets also have operating systems and application software.
    • Mobile apps are designed to run specifically on mobile devices.
    • Businesses have increased investment in mobile app development.
    • Cloud computing has changed the way software is accessed and used.

    Cloud Computing

    • Cloud computing provides applications, services, and data storage over the internet.
    • Advantages of cloud computing include:
      • No software to install or upgrades to maintain
      • Available from any computer with internet access
      • Can scale to a large number of users easily
      • New applications can be up and running quickly
      • Services can be leased for a limited time on an as-needed basis
    • Disadvantages of cloud computing include:
      • Information is stored on someone else's computer
      • Requires internet access
      • Relies on a third-party provider### Software and Its Importance
    • Software gives instructions to the hardware to perform specific tasks.
    • Two basic categories of software: operating systems and applications.

    Operating Systems

    • Interface with computer hardware and make system resources available.
    • Examples: Android, iOS, Linux/UNIX, Windows.

    Application Software

    • Designed to perform a specific task or set of tasks.
    • Can be desktop software (e.g., browser, Office suite) or enterprise software (e.g., ERP, CRM).

    Cloud Computing

    • Practice of using a network of remote servers to store, manage, and process data.
    • Advantages: cost savings, speedy delivery, scalability, employee mobility, and reduced IT staff.
    • Disadvantages: disruption in internet service, security issues, and unreliability of service providers.

    Software as a Service (SaaS)

    • Software that is rented rather than purchased.
    • Subscription-based, provides access to a large assortment of software packages without hardware or installation.

    Open Source Software

    • Software where the source code is available for anyone to copy and use.
    • Advantages: free, source code available, and community-driven development.
    • Disadvantages: technical support not available, user interface may be challenging.

    Software Creation

    • Developed through programming, which is the process of creating a set of logical instructions.
    • Programming languages: Java, Visual C, C++, Python, etc.

    Virtualization

    • Process of using software to simulate a computer or device.
    • Reduces the number of physical servers needed, reducing electricity consumption and cooling needs.

    Private Cloud

    • A distinct and secure cloud-based environment for a specific client.
    • Provides control over data and applications while still benefiting from cloud computing.

    Mobile Software

    • Programs that run on tablet computers and smartphones.
    • Examples: iOS, Android, and mobile applications.

    Obtaining Software

    • Can be developed internally (proprietary software) or purchased off-the-shelf (packaged software).
    • Advantages and disadvantages of each approach: proprietary software provides control and customization, while off-the-shelf software is more cost-effective and widely available.

    Software Ownership

    • When you purchase software, you are technically just being given a license to use it.
    • License agreements often include limitations on usage and liability.

    Key Terms

    • Android, Application Software, Cloud Computing, Collaborative Systems, Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Database Management System (DBMS), Desktop Software, Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP), Enterprise Software, iOS, LINUX/UNIX, Mobile Applications, Open Source, Operating Systems, Private Cloud, Productivity Software, SAP, Software as a Service (SaaS), Software, Virtualization, Windows

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of software and computer systems, including its primary functions, characteristics, and benefits. Test your knowledge of software and its role in computer systems.

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